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Connaissances actuelles sur l'influenza aviaire

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Résumé de PFE : sous titre : Connaissances actuelles sur l'influenza aviaire

Résumé :

Les virus influenza membre de la famille des Orthomyxoviridea sont d'importants pathogènes pour les animaux. L'impact des infections du virus de type A est très important du fait qu'il existe des virus hautement pathogènes et des virus faiblement pathogènes. Les virus influenza A sont rencontrés chez différentes espèces animales : Chez les oiseaux : les souches

hautement pathogènes sont à l'origine de mort subite et brutale sans symptomes préalables, si les oiseaux survivent, les symptômes sont multiples et généralisées. Chez l'homme, la

symptomatologie varie entre les formes typiques et ceux plus spécifiques comme une

conjonctivite, des infections respiratoires et autres. L'infection de l'homme par le virus aviaire en 1997, à Hong Kong a suscité un intérêt particulier et une nouvelle approche en ce qui concerne le rôle joué par la volaille en matière d'épidémiologie.Les porcins sont sensibles au virus de l'Homme, de la volaille, Ils peuvent potentiellement être infectés par les deux en même temps. Si cela se produit, des réassortiments et des mutations peuvent se produire pour donner naissance à un nouveau virus capable d'infecter l'homme et se propager.

Abstract :

Influenza virus membre of orthomyxoviridea are important pathogens of animals. . The impact of influenza A is particularly severe and important and it is well known how the distinction between low pathogenic and highly pathogenic strains might impact the health risk to humans. Influenza A viruses are found in many different animals. In birds, highly virulent strains cause sudden death without prodromal symptoms. If birds survive for mor than 48hours there are a multiple clinical signs. In humans , The reported symptoms of avian influenza range from typical influenza-like symptoms (e.g., fever, cough, sore throat, and muscle aches) to eye infections (conjunctivitis), respiratory infections and other severe and life-threatening complications.The infection of humans with an H5 avian influenza virus in Hong Hong in 1997 has resulted in a reconsideration of the role of the avian species in the epidemiology of human influenza. There is considerable concern about a recent outbreak of avian influenza due to a strain of H5N1 influenza A virus. Because swine are susceptible to avian and human influenza viruses, they potentially may be infected with influenza viruses from different species (ducks and humans) at the same time. If this happens, it is possible for the genes of these viruses to mix and create a new virus, the viruses could mix (reassort) and produce a new virus that had most of the genes from the human virus, but ahemagglutinin and/or neuraminidase from the avian virus. The resulting new virus would likely be able to infect humans and spread from person to person.

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