Je veux que les Inuits soient libres de nouveau. Autobiographie, 1914-1994 [traduction en marathi]

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‘yë¶ : 200 én¶o ( én¶o XmoZeo ’$º$) ISBN : 978-2-923385-31-0 -r 978-2-923385-32-7

AUTOBIOGRAPHIE

Taamusi Qumaq

1914-1993

TABLE DES MATIERES ( Marathi) TABLE DES MATIERES ( French) Remerciements

Ho$ë¶mZo XoemQ>Z - Vidya Vencatesan Invitation au voyage - Vidya Vencatesan Préface - Daniel Chartier

INTRODUCTION - Louis- Jacques Dorais

Une personnalité attachante Une oeuvre unique L'autobiographie

JE VEUX QUE LES INUITS SOIENT LIBRES DE NOUVEAU

Première partie Deuxième partie Troisième partie Quatrième partie Cinquième partie Chronologie

AmË‘M[aÌ

Vm‘wgr ³Œ¶y‘mH$

(1914-1993)

Ho$ë¶mZo XoemQ>Z - {dÚm d|H$Q>oeZ

Invitation au voyage -{dÚm d|H$Q>oeZ àmñVm{dH$ - Xmݶob em˶}

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‘amR>r dmMH$m§Zmo !

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Vm‘wgr ³Œ¶y‘mH$ ho ~hþAm¶m‘r Agm‘mݶ 춺$s‘Îd Amho. Vo {eH$mar, ‘pÀN>‘ma, Ho$gmi àmʶm§À¶m H$mVS>çm§Mo {dH«o$Vo, Hw$Ͷm§À¶m KgaJmS>çm§Mo MmbH$ Va hmoVoM nU ˶mM~amo~a hS>gZ CngmJa H§$nZrMo Am{U ghH$mar g§KQ>Zm§Mo H$‘©Mmar , nw{d{Z©VwH$ øm O‘mVrÀ¶m ZyZm{dH$À¶m (Am[³Q>©H$> ¹o$~oH$)g„mJma ‘§S>imMo Aܶj,amOH$maUrhr hmoVo.¶mhr{edm¶ Vo EH$ A{Ve¶ ~hþlwV, gImob {dMmad§V Am{U ’$ma Cƒ nmVirdaMo gm§H¥${VH$ H$m¶©H$V}hr hmoVo. ˶§mÀ¶m ì¶{º$‘ÎdmMr hr {d{dY A§J§ AmhoV. nVr, Hw$Qw>§~à‘wI Am{U ñdV:À¶m g‘mOmÀ¶m åhUOo 20ì¶m eVH$mVrb BpÝdQ> bmoH$m§À¶m gd© àým§~Ôb OmJê$H$ Agbobm ZmJarH$ øm ˶m§Zr nma nmS>boë¶m ^y{‘H$m§Mm {dMmahr ˶m A§Jm§V g‘m{dï>> Amho. CÎma H°$ZS>mÀ¶m g§emoYZm{df¶mÀ¶m nm[aVmo{fH$mgmaIo H°$ZS>mÀ¶m gaH$maZo ñWm{nV Ho$boë¶m, B§{S>¶Z bmoH$ Am{U CÎmaoH$S>À¶m àým§À¶m ‘§Ìmb¶m§H$Sy>Z Amp³Q>©H$> àXoemÀ¶m Á¶oð> Aä¶mgH$m§Zm {‘iUmao gÝ‘mZ ˶m§Zm {‘imbo AmhoV. gÝ‘mZZr¶ S>m°³Q>aoQ>À¶m nmVirÀ¶m Agbooë¶m nXdrìXmao ¹o$~oH$ {dÚmnrR>mZo ˶m§Mm gÝ‘mZ Ho$bm Amho Am{U ho gmao ˶m§Zr, emioV nmD$b H$Yrhr Z Q>mH$Vm,Ho$di BZwp³Q>Qw>Q> hr ˶m§Mr ‘mV¥^mfm ~mobyZ, dmMyZ Am{U {VÀ¶mVM {bImU H$ê$Z {‘idb§ Amho.

OmZodmar 1914‘ܶo, CÎma Y«wdmdarb {hdmim nma ^ambm Ambm AgVmZm hS>gZ CngmJamÀ¶m nyd©oH$S>À¶m {H$Zmè¶mda BZwH$ÁdmH$À¶m Odi Agboë¶m {eH$marÀ¶m EH$m bhmZem Vimda Vm‘wgr ³Œ¶y‘mH$ øm§Mm OÝ‘ Pmbm. ˶m§À¶m OÝ‘mÀ¶m AJmoXa, XmoZ EH$ dfmªnyduM Vmo ZwZm{dH$ àm§V ¹o$~oH$Mm {hñgm ~Zbm hmoVm. Vg§ nm{hb§ Va 1912n¶ªV, ¹o$~oH$Mo Amp³Q>©H$ Am{U g~Am[³Q>©H$>Mo ‘wbwI dm¶ì¶oÀ¶m àm§VmVM JUbo OmV hmoVo. hS>gZ CngmJa H§$nZrÀ¶m(gr.~r.EM²) ‘mbH$sÀ¶m O{‘Zr H°$ZoS>mÀ¶m gaH$maÀ¶m ñdmYrZ H$aVmZm ‘ܶd{V© gaH$maZo " dm¶ì¶o>Mo àm§V' hr 1870gmbr emgH$r¶ g§aMZm {Z‘m©U Ho$br.AWm©VM 1914‘ܶo hm ‘wbI " ¹o$~oH$À¶m Vmã¶mV Amho H$s Zmhr ' øm àýmM§ CÎma ho Ho$di VmpÎdH$ nmVirdaM hmoV§. gJù¶m XoemM§ {ZXoeZ Am{U AZwemgZ Ho$gmi H$mVS>ç§mMr IaoXr{dH«$s H$aUmè¶m," gr.~r.EM.ao{dæ¶m| ~§Yy ' gma»¶m ImgJr H§$nݶm H$aV hmo˶m. ˶m§À¶m Am°{’$gm§Zm AYyZ‘YyZ Am§p½bH$Z {¼üZ Y‘m}nXoeH$, O§mXm‘©ar amo¶mb Úy H$mZmXm (H°$ZS>mMo g§ajU Xb) ømMo gXñ¶ Am{U AJXr ¹${MVM Aݶ ‘ܶd{V© gÎmoMo à{V{ZYr ^oQ> Úm¶Mo.

BpÝdQ> bmoH$ Am{U ˶m§À¶m ‘wbImMm ¹o$~oH$À¶m Am{U H°$ZS>mÀ¶m gm‘m{OH$ Am{U amOH$s¶ dmñVdmV hiyhiy g‘mdoe H$gm hmoV Jobm ho ³¶y‘mH$ øm§Mr AmË‘H$Wm dmMVmZm bjmV ¶oB©b. (BpÝdQ> àWoZwgma ³«¶y‘mH$ ho ˶§mZm OÝ‘mÀ¶m doir {Xbobo Zmd Amho, VoM Z§Va ˶m§M§ AmS>Zmdhr ~Zob. Vm‘wgr - åhUOoM Vm°‘g ho ˶m§M§ {¼üZ Zm‘H$aU {dYr H$aVmZm {Xbob§ Zmd Amho). Vê$U AgVmZm, ˶§mÀ¶mda Aà˶j[a˶m n[aUm‘ H$aUmè¶m KQ>Zm KS>V AgVmZmhr (‘J Vo àg§J ³¶w‘mH$ øm§À¶m AmB©Zo Á¶mÀ¶m {MÌrH$aUmV ^mJ KoVbm hmoVm Vmo am°~Q>© âbmhoQ>u øm§Mm "CÎmaoH$S>rb Zm‘wH$ O‘mV' hm {MÌnQ> Agmo qH$dm Xþgè¶m OmJ{VH$ ‘hm¶wÕmgmaIm ~mhoarb àg§J Agmo),boIH$mZo H$Yrhr ñdV:À¶m dm§{eH$ qH$dm amï´>r¶ bmJo~m§Ü¶m§Mm {dMma Ho$bm ZìhVm. ³Œ¶y‘mH$ Ho$di EH$ BZwH$> (‘mZdM) hmoVo, Vo BZwp³Q>Qw>Q> ~mobm¶Mo Am[U BVa ‘mZdm§~amo~a (BpÝdQ> bmoH$m§~amo~a ) Amnë¶m ‘wbImV, ˶m IS>Va dmVmdaUmV Amnë¶m Hw$Q>§w{~¶m§Zm {Od§V R>odʶmgmR>r Amdí¶H$ Vr - åhUOo ‘m§g, ‘mgo Am{U Ho$gmi H$mVS>çm {‘idʶmgmR>r Amdí¶H$ Vr - YS>nS> H$aV hmoVo. g§H$Q>m§da ‘mV H$aV Amnë¶m Hw$Q>§w~r¶m§Zm {Od§V amIʶmÀ¶m à¶ËZm§Zm ¶oUma§ ¶e,³Œ¶y‘mH$ Am{U ˶m§À¶m ghH$mè¶m§Zr {eH$ma H$ê$Z {‘idboë¶m àmʶm§da à˶j [a˶m {H$§dm grb ‘mgo qH$dm H$moëøm§À¶m H$mVS>çm§À¶m, gr.~r.EM². qH$dm ao{dæ¶m| ~§Yy§À¶m gma»¶m ’«|$M H§$nZr§~amo~a Ho$boë¶m AXbm~Xbrda Aà˶j [a˶m Adb§~yZ Agm¶M§.

øm {d{Z‘¶mÀ¶m ‘mܶ‘mZo Am¶mV Ho$boë¶m {OZgm {dH$V KoD$ eH$Uo hr KQ>Zm VgoM Ho$gmi H$mVS>tMo {dH«o$Vo naXoer hmoVo ho dmñVd, BpÝdQ> bmoH$m§Mm Am§Vaamï´>r¶ Am{W©H$ ì¶dñWoV g‘mdoe hmoʶmH$S>o nS>bobo n{hbo nmD$b hmoVo. nU øm g‘mdoemMo IaoIwao amOH$s¶ n[aUm‘ AOyZ H$mhr ZrQ> OmUdbo ZìhVo.Xþgè¶m ‘hm¶wÕm‘wioM - Ooìhm BpÝdQ> bmoH$m§Zm ZmPr O‘©Zr~Ôb BVa Xoe§mÀ¶m ‘ZmV {Z‘m©U Pmboë¶m ìXofm~Ôb EoH$m¶bm {‘imbo - Am{U {deofV: Ooìhm 1940À¶m XeH$mÀ¶m eodQ>r H°$ZS>mÀ¶m gaH$maZo Amp³Q>©H$>‘ܶo à˶j hñVjon H$am¶Mm {ZU©¶ KoVbm VoìhmM, ømnwT>o Amnb§ OrdZ, Á¶mda Amnbm H$mhrhr Vm~m Zmhr Aímm - àW‘ ‘ܶd{V© Am{U Z§Va àmXo{eH$ - emgZmÀ¶m bharda Adb§~yZ AgUma Amho ho CÎma ¹o$~oH$À¶m a{hdmímm§Zm gd©àW‘ C‘Ob§. ˶mZ§Va Amnë¶m O{‘Zr§À¶mM Zìho, Va AJXr Amnë¶m ApñVÎdmÀ¶m ajUmgmR>r, ³Œ¶y‘mH$ øm§À¶mà‘mUoM ˶m§À¶mM AZoH$ ZmJarH$ ~m§Ydm§Zm, H°$ZS>m Am{U ¹o$~oH$À¶m gÎmo~amo~aM Zìho Va Á¶m§Zm Vmon¶ªV Vo ghH$mar ‘mZm¶Mo Aí¶m BVa H$mhr BpÝdQ> Zo˶m§~amo~a bnmN>nr IoiU§ {eH$md§ bmJUma hmoV§.

EH$ ‘m¶miy 춺$s $

1969À¶m CÝhmù¶mV ‘r Vm‘wgr ³Œ¶y‘mH$Zm n{hë¶m§Xm ^oQ>bmo. BpÝdQ> bmoH$m§À¶m d§ena§nam§À¶m EH$m g§emoYZmÀ¶m àH$ënmV ‘r nw{d{Z©VwH$bm ^oQ> XoV hmoVmo Am{U Hw$UrVar ‘bm ghH$mar MidirV Am{U ñdV: amhmV Agboë¶m dgmhVrÀ¶m {ZXoeZmV nma ~wSy>Z Joboë¶m Am{U H$mhr A˶§V ZdZdrZ H$ënZm gwMdUmè¶m, øm J¥hñWm§Zm ^oQ>m¶Mr gyMZm Ho$br." Á¶mà‘mUo ¹o$~oH$À¶m à˶oH$ a{hdmímmbm H°$ZS>mnmgyZ ñdmV§Í¶ {‘idʶmMm h¸$ hmoVm ˶mà‘mUo BpÝdQ> bmoH$m§ZmXoIrb ‘mZd åhUyZ ˶m§À¶m ^{dVì¶mMm {ZU©¶ ¿¶m¶Mm h¸$ Amho'Ag§ AJXr n{hë¶m ^oQ>rVM Kmo{fV H$aUmè¶m Am{U ‘moÇ>m Mî‘m Am{U gai ZmH$ Agboë¶m øm IwÁ¶mímm ‘mUgmZo ‘mPo Hw$Vwhb Vm~S>Vmo~M OmJê$H$ Ho$bo.‘bm ˶m§Mo ‘wÔo Vm{H©$H$ Am{U nyU©nUo ~w{Õàm‘mʶmZo ^abobo dmQ>bo Am{U gmè¶m BpÝdQ> ‘wbImV BVa Hw$Urhr ‘m¶mer Agë¶m eãXm§V H$g§ ~mobb§ ZìhV§ ømM§ ‘bm Amü¶© dmQ>m¶bm bmJb§.

˶mZ§Va n§Yam EH$ dfª Jobr Am{U ‘r naV $³Œ¶y‘mH$Zm ^oQ>bmo. ‘Yë¶m H$mimV, ˶m§Zr ZwZm{dH$À¶m BZwp³Q>Qw>Q>À¶m ì¶m»¶m§Mm eãXH$moe V¶ma H$aʶmMm àH$ën hmVr KoVbm hmoVm Am{U ‘rhr ñdV:,Img H$ê$Z BpÝdQ> bmoH$§mMr ^mfm,g‘mO Am{U ˶m§Mo ì¶{º$‘Îd øm§À¶mVrb nañnag§~§Ym§~Ôb ñdmañ¶ Agbobm,>^mfoMm ‘mZdd§eemók Pmbmo hmoVmo.1984À¶m dg§V F$VyV ‘r ˶m§Zm EH$ Oamg§ ~S>oOmd ‘maUma§M nÌ nmR>db§ hmoV§ Am{U ˶mV "‘r ^mfmemók ("eãXm§~Ôb {dMma H$aUmam') Amho Am{U Vwåhrhr ^mfmemók AmhmV: åhUyZ AmnU XmoKm§Zr EH$‘oH$m§Zm ^oQ>U§ ‘hÎdmM§ Amhoo' Aímm AWm©M§ H$mhrVar {b{hb§ hmoV§. ˶m§À¶mH$Sy>Z hmoH$mamWu CÎma Amë¶mda ˶m§Mr H$m‘ H$am¶Mr nÕV OmUʶmgmR>r, ‘r H$mhr {Xdg nw{d{Z©VwH$bm KmbdʶmgmR>r Owb¡ ‘{hݶmV Jobmo.

˶m§À¶m H$m‘mMr nÕV {dbjUM H$R>moa hmoVr. ˶m§À¶m Aä¶m{gHo$À¶m q^Vtda hOmamo {MR²>R>çm Ajam§À¶m H«$‘mZo bmdboë¶m hmo˶m. boIZnÕVrMm hm EH$‘od AmH¥${V~§Y boIH$mbm ‘m{hV Amho. (Vmo Vo KarM {eH$bo.) eãXm§À¶m gwadmVrbm ¶oD$ eH$Umao gd© Aja~§Y ˶m {MR²>R>ç§mda XmIdbo hmoVo.˶m§À¶mH$S>o nmhÿZ ³Œ¶y‘mH$Zm ˶m à˶oH$ Aja~§Ym§Zo gwê$ hmoUmao eãX gm§JVm ¶m¶Mo. BZwp³Q>Qw>Q>‘Ümë¶m ì¶m»¶ogH$Q> n{hë¶m§Xm hmVmZo, Z§Va ‘erZZo à˶oH$ eãX {b{hʶmV ˶m§Zr {H$VrVar dfª Kmbdbr hmoVr. ‘r ˶m§Zm ^oQ>m¶bm Jobmo ˶mdoir gaH$mar AZwXmZm‘wio ˶m§Zm EH$ g{Md Zo‘Uo e³¶ Pmbo hmoVo Am{U Vr g{Md Vmo eãXH$mof g§JUH$mda {b{n~Õ H$arV hmoVr.

Z§VaÀ¶m H$mimV ‘bm ³è¶y‘mH$ øm§À¶m H$m‘mer A{YH$M g§~§{YV hmoʶmMr g§Yr àmá Pmbr. EH$ Va ‘r ˶m§Zr {b{hbob§, B[ÝdQ> bmoH$m§À¶m OrdZe¡brdarb Eo{Vhm{gH$

Am{U d§eemór¶ {dœH$mofM Agbob§, "Am‘À¶m nyd©Om§À¶m nwamVZ na§nam' ho EH$ OwZ§ hñV{b{IV dmMyZ ˶mVrb {b{IV ^mfm à‘mU~Õ H$aʶmgmR>r dmMm¶M§ ‘mݶ Ho$b§. Vo nwñVH$ 1988‘ܶo [gb°{~H$ Ajam§V àH$m{eV H$aʶmV Amb§ nU Vo AÚm[n B§J«Or qH$dm ’«|$M‘ܶo ^mfm§V[aV Pmbob§ Zmhr. Z§Va ‘r ˶m§À¶m eãXH$moemMo hñV{b{IV naV dmMyZ ˶mMr ^mfm à‘mU~Õ H$aʶmÀ¶m H$m‘mbm bmJbmo. Vmo eãXH$moe 1991‘ܶo " BpÝdQ> bmoH$m§Mr IarIwar ~mobr' øm ZmdmImbr à{gÕ Pmbm. ˶m§À¶m øm gd©loð> H¥$VrÀ¶m àH$meZmZ§Va XmoZ dfmªZr ³Œ¶y‘mH$ 1993À¶m Owb¡‘ܶo ‘aU nmdbo.

˶m§À¶m~amo~a Amboë¶m øm g§nH$m©‘wio ‘bm ³Œ¶y‘mH$ hr 춺$s A{YH$ Mm§Jbr g‘OyZ KoVm Ambr. Vm‘gr ³Œ¶y‘mH$ ho {‘V춶r hmoVo.˶m§Mm Amhma AënM hmoVm- Vo Omo Jar~rMm H$mi OJbo hmoVo ˶m H$mimV ˶m§À¶m A§JdiUr nS>bobr hr gd¶ AgUma - Am{U Vo Zm Mhm, Zm H$m°’$s,Zm Xmê$ ߶m¶Mo. Ho$di nmUrM ߶m¶Mo. ˶m CbQ> Vo Yy‘«nmZ ‘mÌ ^anya H$am¶Mo. Ooama ‘°H|$PtZr 1981‘ܶo KoVboë¶m Am{U "{gdww{b¶wVm {n¶w{OVwH$m§{JV ' ‘ܶo àH$m{eV Pmboë¶m EH$m ’$moQ>moV Vo ˶m§À¶m Q>m¶nam¶Q>aOdi ~gbobo Am{U hmVmV {gJmaoQ> Yabobo Ago {XgVmV.

øm {‘V춶VoMm ˶m§À¶m AmJù¶mdoJù¶m {dZmoX~wÕrda ‘mÌ {dnarV n[aUm‘ hmoV Zgm¶Mm. 1988‘ܶo ‘r nw{d{Z©VwH$bm eãXH$moemÀ¶m Amd¥ÎmrÀ¶m H$amamda ñdmjar KoʶmgmR>r Jobmo hmoVmo Am{U ˶m§À¶m Kar amhmV hmoVmo. EHo$ {Xder g§Ü¶mH$mir Vo ‘bm åhUmbo:" AmO ‘mPm ñd¡nmH$ H$am¶Mm ‘yS> Zmhr¶o. Mb, AmnU ‘m¶m nwVʶmH$S>o Oodm¶bm OmD$ ¶m.' Vmo nwVʶm Kar ZìhVm, nU ˶mÀ¶m nËZrZ§ Am‘M§ ñdmJV Ho$b§. Vr g§{‘l Hw$Qw>§~mVyZ Ambr hmoVr ho {VÀ¶m Mohè¶mdaM {b{hbob§ hmoV§. {VZ§ Amåhmbm Oodm¶bm dmT>bo. Amåhm {VKm§Vrb g§^mfU BZwp³Q>Qw>Q>‘ܶoM Mmbb§ hmoV§. AMmZH$, ˶m órÀ¶m ‘wbrZo Amnë¶m AmB©bm {dMmab§," A‘wH$ A‘wH$ eãXmMm Z¸$s AW© H$m¶?' [VÀ¶m AmB©Z§ CÎma {Xb§ : "‘bm Vo ZrQ> ‘m{hVr Zmhr.Vy bwB©bmM {dMma. ˶mM§ BZwp³Q>Qw>Q> ‘m¶mnojm M§mJb§ Amho.' ‘r Jm|YimVM nS>bmo. hr BZwH$ ~mB© {VMr ‘mV¥^mfm BVH$s Mm§Jbr ~mobV AgVmZm, Amnë¶m ‘wbrbm ˶m àýmM§ CÎma ‘bm {dMmam¶bm H$m gm§JV Amho ? Vmo g§e¶ ‘m¶m ‘ZmV AMmZH$ C^m am{hbm Am{U ‘r {Vbm {dMmab§ :" VwP§ Jmd Hw$R>b§ ?' {VZ§ CÎma {Xb§, "ê$B§-Zmoam§Xm!' åhUOo Vr A{O~mVM BZwH$ Zmhr ho ‘m¶m bjmV Amb§. {VMr ‘mV¥^mfm ’«|$M hmoVr Am{U Iyn dfmªnmgyZ Vr ¹o$~oH$‘ܶo nw{d{Z©VwH$bm amhmV hmoVr. {VWoM Vr BZwp³Q>Qw>Q> {eH$br hmoVr Am{U {VM§ b¾ Pmb§ hmoV§. CÎmaoH$S>o amhmUmè¶m Jmoè¶m bmoH$m§‘ܶo ¹${MVM AmT>iUma§ ho dmJU§ hmoV§. ho gma§ KS>V AgVmZm, ³Œ¶y‘mH$À¶m Mohè¶mda EH$ WÅ>oImoa pñ‘V PimiV hmoV§. KamVyZ ~mhoa nS>VmZm ˶m§Zr ‘bm {dMmab§,"Vy XMH$bmg H$m¶?' daH$aUr BZwH$ dmQ>Umè¶m øm ˶m§À¶m gyZobm ^oQyZ ‘mPm g§e¶r ñd^md OmJm hmoB©b ho ‘m{hVr Agë¶mZ§ ˶m§Zr Am‘Mm N>mZM nmonQ> Ho$bm hmoVm.

{‘V춶r Am{U Q>dmiImoa ñd^mdmMo Vm‘wgr ³Œ¶y‘mH$ kmZmgmR>>r VodT>oM hnmnbobo AgV. ˶m§Zm à˶oH$ Jmoï>r~Ôb Hw$Vyhb Agm¶M§ Am{U ˶mnm¶r Vo H$Yr H$Yr Ago H$mhr àý {dMmam¶Mo Oo BVa ~è¶mM OUm§Zm AS>MUrV Q>mH$V: " Vw¶m KamMr qH$‘V {H$Vr?' "VwPr dm{f©H$ {‘iH$V {H$Vr Amho?'1990À¶m dg§V F$VyV AmoH$m BWo KS>boë¶m g§Kfm©À¶m doiobm ˶m§Zr ‘bm nw{d{Z©VwH$hÿZ ’$moZ Ho$bm Am{U {VWo KS>V Agboë¶m à˶oH$ Jmoï>rMm Chmnmoh Ho$bm. ˶m§Zm Oar ’«|$M qH$dm B§J«Or ~mobVm ¶oV Zgb§ Varhr Vo ao{S>AmodaÀ¶m B§J«OrVrb ~mVå¶m EoH$V AgV Am{U hS>gZ CngmJa H§$nZr‘Yrb Am{U CÎmaoH$S>rb B§J«Or ~mobUmè¶m H$‘©Mmè¶m§~amo~a XrK© H$mi g§~§YmV Agë¶mZo ˶m ~mVå¶m§Vrb N>moQ²>¶m‘moR>çm Jmoï>r§M§ ˶m§Zm AmH$bZ hmoV Ago.

³Œ¶y‘mH$ ñd^mdmZo {MdQ> hmoVo Am{U R>adbobr ܶo¶§ àmá H$aʶmgmR>r à¶ËZerb AgV. dfm©Zwdf©o H$ï> H$ê$Z Am{U {d{dY g§H$Q>m§da ‘mV H$ê$Z ˶m§Zr {b{hbob§ {dœH$moe Am{U eãXH$moe àH$m[eV Pmbo ho ˶mMmM nwamdm AmhoV. Amnbr ^mfm Am{U g§ñH¥$Vr Vê$U BpÝdQ> Vê$Um§n¶ªV nmohmoMdbr Omdr Ag§ ˶m§Zm dmQ>m¶M§ Am{U ˶mÀ¶mgmR>r hd§ {VVH$§ H$m‘ H$am¶bm Vo V¶ma hmoVo. Amnë¶m bmoH$m§À¶m dV©‘mZH$mim~Ôb Am[U ^{dVì¶m~Ôb Amnë¶mbm H$m¶ dmQ>V§ hohr "H$mbwZmV bmoH$m§Zm' åhUOo BpÝdQ>§mIoarO BVa O‘mVr§Zm ‘m{hVr H$ê$Z Úm¶Mr ˶m§Zm BÀN>m hmoVr. ømgmR>r Amnë¶m boIm§À¶m B§J«Or Am{U ’«|$M ^mfm§Vam§Zm Vo ‘hÎd XoV AgV. ³Œ¶y‘mH$ øm§Mm {MdQ> ñd^md amOH$s¶ joÌmVhr {XgV hmoVm. ¹o$~oH$ njmMo Vo g^mgX hmoVo. ˶m H$mir ˶m njmMo Vo EH$‘od BpÝdQ> g^mgX hmoVo.EHo$ {Xder ˶m§Zr ˶m njmÀ¶m amï´>r¶ ~¡R>H$s‘ܶo ^mJ ¿¶m¶Mm Am[U ˶mV BpÝdQ> bmoH$m§da EH$ KmofUm H$am¶Mm {ZU©¶ KoVbm. X{jU ¹o$~oH$bm OmʶmgmR>r Amdí¶H$ VodT>o n¡go Jmoim H$aʶm~amo~aM, ˶m§Zr ˶m g§‘obZmVrb Amnë¶m ^mfUmM§ ^mfm§Va H$ê$ eHo$b Agm Xþ^mfr {‘idʶmV Amm{U ˶m Xþ^mî¶m‘m’©$V BVa d³Ë¶m§~amo~a g§nH© àñWm{nV H$aʶmV ˶m§Zr ¶e {‘idb§. BpÝdQ> bmoH$m§À¶m ñdamÁ¶mÀ¶m JaOo~ÔbÀ¶m ñdV:À¶m H$ënZm ˶m§Zr H$YrM H$m gmoS>ë¶m ZmhrV ho Amnë¶mbm ˶m§À¶m amOH$maUmVrb øm {MdQ>nUmnmoQ>rM g‘Oy eH$V§.

Agm‘mݶ H¥$Vr

Vg§ nm{hb§ Va Vm‘wgr ³Œ¶y‘mH$Zr {bhm¶bm Ceram gwadmV Ho$br. Hw$Q>§w~mMo nmbZnmofU H$ê$Z Pmë¶mda, Ooåg CngmJaMm ‘wbwI Am{U CÎma ¹o$~oH$‘Yrb H$amamda gøm hmoVmZmMm gm‘m{OH$ Ag§Vmof H$mhrí¶m à‘mUmV em§V Pmë¶mda, d¶mMr gmR>r CbQ>ë¶mda,Amnbr g§ñH¥${V Am{U BpÝdQ> ^mfm ømg§§~§YrMr Amnë¶mOdiMr ‘m{hVr H$mJXmda CVadUo Amdí¶H$ Amho Ag§ ˶m§Zm dmQ>m¶bm bmJb§. H$mi ~XbVmo Amho ho ˶m§À¶m bjmV Ambo. {eH$marMr, ‘mgo ‘mam¶Mr, ’$mgo bmdm¶Mr, {edUH$m‘mMr

hζma§ Am{U XiUdiUmMr gmYZ§ ~Zdm¶Mr, B½by ~m§Ym¶Mr V§Ì§, Z¡g{J©H$ n[agamV AmT>iUmè¶m {MÝhm§Mm bmdm¶Mm AÝd¶mW©, gmJar Am{U IwîH$sMm n[aga, hdm‘mZ, àmUr Am{U njr, Zm˶m§Mr ~§YZ§, O‘mVrVrb A§VJ©V Am{U doJdoJù¶m O‘mVr§‘Yrb g§~§Y, Z¡{VH$ dV©Z, Am{Y^m¡{VH$ OJVmer Agbobo g§~§Y, Z¡g{J©H$ g§H$Q>m§da ‘mV H$am¶bm Oo Oo H$mhr A˶mdí¶H$ hmoV§ Vo gJi§ dmS>d{S>b Am{U g‘mOmVrb BVa gXñ¶m§H$Sy>Z ˶m§Zm Og§ {eH$m¶bm {‘imbo hmoVo Vgo Zì¶m {nT>rbm {‘iV ZìhVo - naH$s¶m§Zr bmXboë¶m, {’$a§½¶m§À¶mM Vmã¶mV Agboë¶m Am{U naH$s¶m§À¶m kmZmMmM àgma H$aʶmgmR>r {Z‘m©U Pmboë¶m emioZo nma§nm[aH$ kmZmMr OmJm KoVbr hmoVr. BpÝdQ> bmoH$m§Zr H$‘mdboë¶m kmZmMm Am{U gÚ:n[apñWVrbm Amdí¶H$ ‘m{hVrMm gO©Zerb Agm g§¶moJ ngamdm åhUyZ {ejUg§ñWodaM BpÝdQ> bmoH$m§Zm g§nyU© Vm~m {‘ioñVmoda ho gd© kmZ boIZm‘m’©$V gwa{jV R>odU§ Amdí¶H$ hmoV§.

emioVrb ^mfm hr {dÚm϶m§ªMr ‘mV¥^mfm ZìhVr ho Xþga§ EH$ ^rfU A§J hmoV§. ~mbdmS>r Am{U àmW{‘H$ emioMr AJXr n{hbr n{hbr dfª gmoS>br Va {ejU B§J«Or qH$dm ’«|$M‘YyZM {Xb§ OmV Ago. ˶m‘wio Vê$U bmoH$m§Mm H$b AJXrM ‘¶m©{XV eãXm§M§, ~mb~moY BZwp³Q>Qw>Q> ~mobʶmH$S>o Agm¶Mm. kmZmn{bH$S>oXoIrb, ^mfoM§ g§ajU H$aʶmgmR>r H$ï> H$amdo bmJUma AmhoV ho ³Œ¶y‘mH$Zm C‘Ob§. ˶m‘wioM nw{d{Z©VwH Am{U AmgnmgÀ¶m àXoemV dmnaë¶m OmUmè¶m 15000 BpÝdQ> eãXm§À¶m Zm|Xr Am{U ˶§mÀ¶m AJXr n[anyU© ì¶m»¶m gm§JUmè¶m eãXH$moemÀ¶m {Z{‘©VrV ˶m§Zr ñdV:bm AJXr PmoH$yZ {Xbo .

AmÎmm AmnU Á¶mÀ¶mda bj H|${ÐV H$aV AmhmoV ˶m AmË‘M[aÌmgh, nma§nm[aH$ OrdZnÕVrMm {dœH$moe Am{U ì¶m»¶m§Mm eãXH$moe hr nwñVHo$ Vm‘wgr ³Œ¶y‘mH$ ømÀ¶m H¥$VtMm Jm^m R>aVmV. ˶mVM amOH$s¶ àg§Jm§da,Z¡g{J©H$ n[apñWVrda, g§ñH¥$Vr Am{U ^mfm øm§da ˶m§Zr {b{hboë¶m H$mhr boIm§Mr ^a nS>Vo. øm boIm§M§ B§J«Or Am{U ’«|$M‘ܶo ^mfm§Va Pmbo Amho, nU ˶m§À¶m ‘moR>çm XmoZ J«§Wm§~Ôb Vo åhUVm ¶oV Zmhr."Am‘À¶m nyd©Om§À¶m àmMrZ na§nam' øm nwñVH$m‘ܶo nyduÀ¶m H$mir d{S>bYmè¶m bmoH$m§H$Sy>Z nwT>À¶m {nT>rbm hñVm§V[aV Ho$b§ OmUma§ kmZ 46 àH$aUm§VyZ ‘m§S>bo Amho: nma§nm[aH$ BpÝdQ> arVr[admO,(Ka§, Imʶm{nʶmÀ¶m àWm,g§mñH¥${VH$ {OZgm, ZmVr,Y‘© dJ¡ao).Am{U ZwZm{dH$‘Yrb àmUr(‘mgo,JmoJbJmB©,H$mbdm§gmaIo ‘¥Xþ earamMo àmUr, gmJar Am{U O{‘Zrdarb gñVZ àmUr,njr Am{U {H$S>o).nU EH$ bjmV ¿¶m : nwñVH$mÀ¶m ZmdmVrb " àmMrZ' øm eãXmMm AW© "AàM{bV' Agm Zmhr.‘yi BpÝdQ> eãXmVë¶m "VyH$mH$' øm à˶¶mZo ˶m {deofUmMm AW© ñnï> Ho$bm Amho : ˶mMm AW© " ’$ma nyduÀ¶m H$mimnmgyZ ApñVÎdmV Agbobr nU AmOhr {OMr àg§Jmo{MVVm em~yV Amho ' Agm Amho.

eãXH$moem~Ôb ~mobm¶M§ Pmb§ Va, ³Œ¶y‘mH$Zm ˶mbm" BpÝdQ> bmoH$m§Mo nwamVZ eãX' Ag§ Zmd Úm¶M§ hmoV§. Vo ~Xbmd§ Agm ‘rM ˶m§Zm g„m {Xbm. Vmo H$Xm{MV MwH$sMm Agy eHo$b, nU ‘m¶m ‘Vo Á¶m Vê$U dmMH$m§gmR>r ho nwñVH$ {b{hb§ Job§ Amho ˶m§n¡H$s H$mhr bmoH$m§Zm, nwamVZ hr H$ënZm 춺$ H$aUmam "VwH$mH$' hm à˶¶ namd¥Îm H$aʶmMr e³¶Vm hmoVr. ˶m‘wio Amåhr ˶mM§ Zmd "BpÝdQ> bmoH$m§Mo IaoIwao eãX' Ag§ R>odm¶M§ R>adb§.

³Œ¶y‘mH$m§À¶m H$m‘mM§ d¡[eîQ>ç Ag§ Amho H$s Vo " EH$m VimJmimÀ¶m ~w{ÕdmÚm'H$Sy>Z Ambo Amho. øm boIH$mbm embo¶ {ejU {‘imbobo Zmhr.˶m§Mr ‘mV¥^mfm BZwp³Q>Qw>Q> Am{U A˶§V ‘¶m©{XV Am{U H$m¶©erb Zgbobo B§J«OrMo kmZ gmoS>bo Va Xþgar ^mfm ˶m§Zm AdJV Zmhr. Vo gH$g Am{U gT>i {bhrV hmoVo ho ˶m§Zr {Z‘m©U Ho$bobr nwñVH§$ nm{hbr Va bjmV ¶oV§, ’$º$ Vo ˶m§À¶m ‘mV¥^mfoVM hmoV§ Am{U CƒmamZwgmar {bnrV {b{hbob§ hmoV§.{OÀ¶mV à˶oH$ ñda Am{U 춧OZo doJdoJio Z XmIdVm, g§nyU© Cƒmabobm eãXmd¶dM Xe©dUmar hr {bImUmMr nÕVr ({n,nw,nm,Vw, Vm,dJ¡a¡ dJ¡ao),1840gmbr {d{ZnoJ VbmdmÀ¶m CÎmaobm,Zm°d} hmD$gbm amhmUmè¶m, Ooåg BdmÝg øm ‘oWmo{S>ñQ> n§WmÀ¶m Y‘m}nXoeH$m§À¶m ‘mJ©Xe©ZmImbr H$m‘ H$aUmè¶m Amo{Oãdo Am{U H«$s ^mfoda H$m‘ H$aUmè¶m g§emoYH$m§À¶m EH$m g‘yhmZo emoYyZ H$mT>br hmoVr. ˶mV1855gmbr BZwp³Q>Qw>Q>À¶m ñdZemómbm Yê$Z ~Xb Ho$bm Jobm Am{U 1870 gmbr Am§p½bH$Z Y‘m©onXoeH$m§Zr ZwZm{dH$‘ܶo ˶mMr AmoiI H$ê$Z {Xbr. VoìhmnmgyZ (b°~«oS>m°a àm§V gmoS>bm Va) H$°ZS>mÀ¶m nm¡dm©Î¶ Amp³Q>©H$> ‘wbIm‘ܶo ngê$Z hrM boIZnÕVr A{Ve¶ doJmZo nañnamVrb boIr g§~§Ym§Mo à‘wI gmYZ ~Zbr. AmVm Vr emioV {eH$dbr OmVo, nU ³¶w‘mH$m§À¶m H$mimV Vr Hw$Q>§w~mVë¶m, O‘mVrVë¶m EH$m 춺$sH$Sy>ZM Xþgè¶mbm hñVm§VarV Ho$br Om¶Mr.

Ho$di ‘mV¥^mfmM dmMy eH$V Agë¶mZo Am{U ˶m‘wio {b{IV kmZómoVm§er AJXrM ‘m‘wbr g§nH©$ Agë¶mZo - ~m¶~b gmoS>b§ Va ˶mH$mimV BpÝdQ> [bnrV BVa H$mhrM àH$m{eV Ho$b§ Job§ ZìhV§-³Œ¶y‘mH$ ø§mZ§r Amnb§ gma§ kmZ Vm|S>r ‘m{hVrZo Am{U BZwp³Q>Qw>Q>À¶mM ‘mJ©o àmá Ho$b§. Oar ˶m§Zr {¼üZ Y‘© ñdrH$mabm Agbm Am{U ~mOmê$ AW©àUmbrV ˶m§Mm g‘mdoe Pmbm Agbm Var,˶m§À¶m kmZmV Am{U {dMmamV,nyU©nUo nma§nm[aH$ {dœmVM dmT>boë¶m Am{U Á¶m doir H°$ZS>mÀ¶m Am{U ¹o$~oH$À¶m gm‘m{OH$,amOH$s¶ Am{U gm§ñH¥${VH$ AmH¥${V~§YmV g‘mdoe hmoV Agë¶mZo nma ‘wimnmgyZ ê$nm§Va hmoV hmoV§ ˶m {dœmMo, ˶m doir n[an¹$Vobm nmohmoMboë¶m BZwH²$À¶m ~m¡{ÕH$ gm‘J«rMoM à{Vq~~ {XgVo. Aí¶m arVrZo ³Œ¶y‘mH$ øm§Mo {bImU EH$mM doir BpÝdQ> {dMmanÕVr Am{U VmËH$mbrZ d¡Mm[aH$ nÕVrVyZ {Z‘m©U Pmbo Amho Ago {XgVo. VWm{n ˶m§Mr {dMmagaUr hr gJù¶m BpÝdQ> bmoH$m§À¶m

{dMmagaUrgmaIrM Amho Ag§ åhUVm ¶oUma Zmhr.CÎmaoH$S>o VgoM AݶÌ, à˶oH$mMr Ñï>r Am{U {dMma ‘m§S>ʶmMr nÕVr AbJ AbJ AgVo.

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eãXm§Mm H$sg H$mT>ʶmÀ¶m øm àd¥ÎmrnbrH$S>oo, hm eãXH$mof eãXm§À¶m AWm©À¶m ÑïrZo ‘m{hVrMm EH$ I{OZmM Amho. "Vmo/Vr ~mobVmo/Vo' øm Zm|XrMr ì¶m»¶m CXmhaUmXmIb àñVwV H$amdr AerM Amho." AmnU Iao gm§JV AmhmoV' Ag§ åhUUmar 춺$s, {VÀ¶m H$ënZoIoarO BVa H$mhrhr gm§JV Zgë¶mZo" H$mhrVar M§mJb§ qH$dm dmB©Q> gm§JV AgVo.' Vm‘wgr ³Œ¶y‘mH$ øm§À¶mgmR>r, ~mobU§ øm {H«$¶oMm AW© Z¡{VH$VoZo ^abobm Amho."Hw$Urhr ~mobVo' ømMm AW© "Vr 춺$s Ia§ ~mobV AgVo' åhUOoM ˶m 춺$sZo Iao ~mobmd§ AgoM J¥hrV Yabobo AgVo.ImoQ>§ ~mobʶm‘wio ~mobʶmÀ¶m {H«$¶oÀ¶m gÎdmnmgyZM Vr nma Xÿamdbr OmVo. ~mobU§ ømMm AW©M ~mobUmè¶mZo AmnU Omo H$mhr IamoIa {dMma H$aV AgVmo VmoM H$idUo hmo¶, ‘J Vmo {dMma Mm§Jbm Agmo H$s dmB©Q> Agmo. ‘m¶m ‘m{hVrZwgma, BpÝdQ> bmoH$m§À¶m d¡Mm[aH$ {dœmMo Xe©Z KS>dʶmÀ¶m à¶ËZmbm ³Œ¶y‘mH$ gmoS>bo Va BVa Hw$Urhr hmV KmVbobm Zmhr.

AmË‘M[aÌ

eãXH$moe Am{U {dœH$moemà‘mUoM, Vm‘wgr ³Œ¶y‘mH§$mMo AmË‘M[aÌXoIrb ZwZm{dH$ ¶oWrb BpÝdQ>m§À¶m {dMmam§À¶m,g§ñH¥$VrÀ¶m Am{U VmËH$mbrZ B{VhmgmMr EH$ d¡{eîQ>çnyU© Vm|S>AmoiI Amho Ag§ åhUVm ¶oB©b.Vo V¶ma H$aVmZm,boIH$mZo Amnë¶m dmMH$m§g‘moa CÎma ¹o$~oH$À¶m a{hdmí¶m§Zm H$moU˶m AmìhmZm§Zm Vm|S> Úmd§ bmJbo hmoVo ømM§ EH$ {Od§V CXmhaU R>odm¶Mo EdT>oM ܶo¶ R>odbo hmoVo. 1985-86‘ܶo ho AmË‘M[aÌ {b{hbo Jobo Am{U Vo AmdmVmH$ gm§ñH¥${VH$ H|$ÐmÀ¶m "Am‘À¶m nmD$bIwUm' øm

{Z¶VH$m{bH$mV, H«$‘mH«$‘mZo - BZwp³Q>Qw>Q>, B§J«Or Am{U ’«|$M‘ܶo, 1995 Vo 1998‘ܶo (åhUOoM boIH$mÀ¶m ‘¥Ë¶yZ§Va) àH$m{eV Ho$bo Jobo. ˶mVhr Amnë¶mbm BVa XmoZ nwñVH$m§V AmT>iUmar aoIrd {dMmanÕVr AmT>iVo. ³Œ¶y‘mH$ dfm©ZwH«$‘mà‘mUo ˶m§À¶m Am¶wî¶mVrb KQ>Z§mMr Zm|X H$aV AmhoV Am{U ˶m H$moU˶m n[apñWVrV KS>ë¶m ømMo dU©Z H$aV AmhoV. Vo Amnë¶mbm H$moUVr ‘m{hVr Hw$Ry>Z, H$er {‘imbr? AmnU ñdV: Vo àg§J nm{hbo H$s Zmhr? ho gm§JVmV Am{U ˶m ómoVm§Mo IaoImoQ>onUhr VnmgVmV. A‘wH$ ‘m{hVr A‘wH$ EH$m Zoh‘rM {dœmgmh© Agboë¶m ‘mUgmH$Sy>Z, àmá Pmbr, ˶m‘wio ˶m ‘m{hVrda AmnU {dœmg R>ody eH$Vmo. hr àd¥Îmr BpÝdQ> bmoH$m§VM gmnS>Vo. Zoh‘rM "Iao gm§JʶmMm' à¶mg Ho$bm OmV Agë¶mZo, Amnë¶m g‘moaÀ¶m 춺$sbm Zoh‘rM AmnU gm§JV Agbobr ‘m{hVr ñdV:À¶m kmZmZo ‘m{hVr Pmbr Amho - åhUOo AmnU Vr AZw^dbr Amho H$s AmnU Vr Hw$UmH$Sy>Z Var, Hw$UmÀ¶m Var Vm|Sy>Z EoH$br Amho ho ñnï> gm§{JVb§ OmV§.

˶m§À¶m {dœH$moemà‘mUoM ³Œ¶y‘mH$Zm ˶m§M§ AmË‘M[aÌhr Z¡{VH$VoMo YS>o XoUmao Am[U M[aÌ KS>dUma§ Agmd§ Ag§ dmQ>V§: ˶m AmË‘M[aÌmMo C{Ôï> " {eH$dU§ Am{U ZrVr‘Îmm KS>dU§' ho Amho. åhUyZM ˶mV OrdZm{df¶rÀ¶m AZoH$ A§Jm§da d§eemór¶, VgoM nw{d{Z©VwH$ Am{U ZwZm{dH$À¶m àm§VmVrb B{Vhmgm~Ôb ~è¶mM Zm|Xr AmT>iVmV. AmË‘M[aÌmÀ¶m H$WZmVhr g‘mOmV H$go Mm§Jë¶m arVrZo dmJmdo øm{df¶r Iyngo Z¡{VH$ g„ohr {Xboobo AmT>iVmV. doJdoJù¶m H$mim§Vë¶m OrdZ‘mZmÀ¶m IMm©À¶mhr ^anya Zm|Xr ˶mV {Xë¶m AmhoV. Amnë¶m gmè¶m H$maH$sXuV, boIH$mZo Amnë¶m H$‘mB©Mr, Ho$gmi H$mVS>çm§À¶m {dH«$sMr Am{U ˶mÀ¶m ‘wbImV {Z‘m©U hmoUmè¶m BVa dñVy§À¶m qH$‘VrMr ˶mMà‘mUo Zoh‘r Cn¶moJmV AmUë¶m OmUmè¶m dñVy§À¶m qH$‘VtMr Zm|X boIr ñdê$nmV qH$dm ‘ZmVë¶m ‘ZmV R>odbobr {XgVo. hS>gZ CngmJa H§$nZrÀ¶m XþH$mZmV XrK© H$mimn¶ªV H$m‘ Ho$boë¶m Am{U Z§Va nw{d{Z©VwH$À¶m ghH$mar XþH$mZmÀ¶m {ZXoeZmV ^mJ KoVboë¶m ‘mUgmM§M Vo {MÝh Amho.

Amnë¶m Am¶wî¶mVrb KQ>Zm§Mo Vm‘wgr ³Œ¶y‘mH$m§Zr Ho$bobo H$WZ H$mhr BpÝdQ> {‘WH$m§Mr AmR>dU H$ê$Z XoVo: EH$ AZmW ‘wbJm (˶m§Mo d{S>b Vo Vê$U AgVmZmM ‘aU nmdbo), emar[aH$ ÑîQ>çm Aeº$ Am{U Am{W©H$ ÑîQ>çm Jar~ (d{S>bm§À¶m ‘¥Ë¶yZ§Va ˶m§À¶m Hw$Qw>§~mbm BVam§À¶m ‘XVrda Adb§~yZ amhmdo bmJbo),AHw$eb {eH$mar Am{U ~oVmg ~mV Agm H$mamJra (B½bw ~Zdm¶bm {eH$m¶bm ˶m§Zm IynM Cera bmJbm)Ago Vm‘wgr Amnë¶m Vmê$ʶmV ˶m§À¶m dmQ>çmbm Amboë¶m XþX¡}dr àg§J§mda ‘mV H$aVmV. H$ï>m§Zr Am{U {Zü¶mZo - nU ˶mM~amo~a O‘mVrZo {Xboë¶m ‘XVrZo - Vo Hw$Qw>§~mMr ñWmnZm H$aVmV, {eH$ma H$ê$Z qH$dm {’$a§½¶m§H$S>o ZmoH$ar H$ê$Z Hw$Qw>§~mM§ CÎm‘ [a˶m nmbZnmofU H$aVmV. BpÝdQ> gm{h˶mÀ¶m à‘wI Aä¶mgH$, am°{~Z OoXmbmo’$ ‘°H²$J«mW Amnë¶m"H°$Zo{S>¶Z BpÝdQ> {bQ>aoMa : X S>odbn‘|Q> Am°d² A Q´>°{S>eZ' øm

nwñVH$mV åhUVmV :"BpÝdQ> bmoH$m§Zr {b{hbobr AmË‘M[aÌo ~hþVm§er nwT>rb ‘yb^yV AmH¥${V~§YmZwgma ~Zbobr AgVmV: EH$ AZmW ‘wbJm Amnë¶m eÌy§da {dO¶ {‘idyZ A{YH$mamÀ¶m OmJoda ¶oD$Z nmohmoMVmo.³Œ¶y‘mH$ øm§M§ nwñVH$hr ømM CÎm‘ [a˶m àñWm{nV gm{h˶àH$ma§m‘ܶo JUbo OmVo.'

CÎmaoH$S>À¶m àXoemMm {dH$mgmÀ¶m A{YH$ {dñV¥V nmœ©^y‘rÀ¶m g§X^m©V ³¶w‘mH$ øm§Mo AmË‘M[aÌ ho BpÝdQ> bmoH$m§Zr ì¶mnboë¶m ‘wbImV {XgUmam amOH$s¶ Am{U Am{W©H$ AmJimdoJim Ñ{ï>H$moU ñnïnUo> ‘m§S>Vo. VoWrb Am{Xdmgr OZVogmR>r EH$m{YH$mamMo H$mbI§S> YmoH$mXm¶H$ R>aVmV Ago ˶m H$WZmVyZ ñnï> gm§{JVbo Amho. ao{dæ¶m| ~§Y§yÀ¶m ’«|$M H§$nZrbm {VÀ¶m à{VñnYu hS>gZ CngmJa H§$nZrZo 1936 ‘ܶo {Ji§H¥$V Ho$bo. ˶mZ§VaÀ¶m XþîH$mimÀ¶m àg§Jm§Mm boIH$mZo {ZX}e Ho$bm Amho.boIH$ ñdV: ao{dæ¶m|§Mm J«mhH$ hmoVo Am{U ’«|$Mm§Mr {dH«$sH|$Ðo ~§X Pmë¶mda,Img H$ê$Z {eH$ma H$ê$Z ‘mam¶À¶m àmʶm§À¶m VwQ>dS>çmZo AÞmMr H$‘VaVm Pmë¶mda,boIH$mÀ¶m ZmVodmB©H$m§Zm OrdZmdí¶H$ dñVy CYmarZo Úm¶bm hS>gZ CngmJa H§$nZrZo ZH$ma {Xë¶mZo boIH$mbm ì¶{º$e: Ìmg ^moJmdm bmJbm. ~hþVoH$ BpÝdQ> bmoH$ Ho$di ‘ܶdVu gaH$maÀ¶m A{YH$mè¶m§da {dœmg R>odV AgVmZm, ³Œ¶y‘mH$ øm§Zm ‘mÌ AJXr gwadmVrnmgyZM ¹o$~oH$ gaH$ma~Ôb, Img H$ê$Z aZo bdoH$ øm§À¶m ~Ôb dmQ>Uma§ ào‘,˶m§Zm Am{U ˶m§À¶m Hw$Qw>§{~¶m§Zm ’«|$Mm§er g§~§Y amIUmè¶m bmoH$m§~Ôb dmQ>Umè¶m AmË‘r¶Vm‘wioM ñnï hmoVo.

1939‘ܶo ~m{’$Z² Q´>oqS>J H§$nZr àñWm{nV Pmë¶mZo hS>gZ CngmJa H§$nZrMm EH$m{YH$ma - Am{U ˶m‘wio {Z‘m©U Pmbobo Xþ:àg§J- g§nwï>mV Ambo. VoM nwÝhm EH$Xm 1949‘ܶo, Ooìhm ~m{’$Z Q´>oqS>J H§$nZr ~§X nS>br Voìhm KS>b§.1936Vo 1939À¶m Xaå¶mZ, VgoM 1940À¶m XeH$mÀ¶m eodQ>r ³Œ¶y‘mH$m§Zr bmoH$m§Zm ^yH$~ir hmoVmZm nm{hb§ hmoV§. Ia§ Va AÞmÀ¶m H$‘VaVonmoQ>r ‘¥Ë¶yer PJS>U§ 1955À¶m AmgnmgM Wm§~b§ Ag§ åhUmd§ bmJob Am{U ˶mM§ H$maU hS>gZ CngmJa H§$nZrMo {ZXoeH$ åhUyZ nw{d{Z©VwH$bm nrQ>a ‘a²S>m°H$ Ambo ho hmoV§. BpÝdQ> bmoH$m§À¶m {hVmMr ˶m§Zm Amg hmoVr. ˶mZ§Va ñWm{ZH$ ghH$mar MidirMm nm¶m KmbUmao ’$mXa Am§Ðo ñQ>mBZ‘mZ Amo.E‘².Am¶².Ambo.

ghH$mar MidirÀ¶m AmJ‘ZmZ§ hS>gZ CngmJa H§$nZrMm EH$m{YH$ma Oar A{YH$M H$‘Hw$dV Pmbm Agbm Varhr 1958‘ܶo ˶mÀ¶m nmR>monmR>M ‘ܶdVu gaH$maMmhr amOH$s¶ EH$m{YH$ma {Z‘m©U Pmbm hmoVm.˶mZ§ BpÝdQ> bmoH$m§Zm ˶m§M§ ‘V A{O~mV Z {dMmaVmM, emim Am{U emgH$s¶ Am{YaMZm {Z‘m©U Ho$ë¶m hmo˶m. øm Zì¶m EH$m{YH$mamMm ^§J H$aʶmgmR>r AmVm gm‘m{OH$ Am{U amOH$s¶ nmVitda g§Kf© ìhm¶bm nm{hOo ho ³Œ¶y‘mH$ øm§À¶m bjmVAmbo. 1950À¶m Amgnmg ˶m§À¶mV ~Xb

KS>bm: Vo ghH$mar MidirMo H$m¶©H$Vm© ~Zbo(˶mgmR>r Amnë¶m AmË‘M[aÌmÀ¶m eodQ>r Vo VrZ à‘wI 춺$s¨Mo Am^ma ‘mZVmV),Z§Va EH$ ñWm{ZH$ ZoVm ~Zbo, ZwZm{dH$À¶m emgZmV ¹o$~oH$Mmhr gh^mJ Agmdm øm ^y{‘Ho$Mm nmR>nwamdm H$aV Am{U nw{d{Z©VwH$À¶m O‘mVrÀ¶m g„mJma ‘§S>imMo Aܶj åhUyZ {ZdSy>Z Ambo. gaVoeodQ>r BpÝdQ> bmoH$m§À¶m ñdm¶ÎmVogmR>r Am{U ~o OoågÀ¶m H$amamÀ¶m {damoYmV Vo PJS>bo H$maU ˶m§À¶m ‘Vo ~o OoågÀ¶m H$amamZoM ZwZm{dH$À¶m OZVobm A§YmamV R>odV, {’$a§Jr O‘rZXmam§Zm ZwZm{dH$Mm Vm~m {Xbm hmoVm.

³Œ¶y‘mH$m§Zr Am¶²Q>rEZ² ("YaVr: BpÝdQ> bmoH$m§Mm nm¶m') øm MidirMm nm¶m KmVbm. ~o OoågÀ¶m H$amamda gøm H$aʶmAJmoXa ˶mMr ZrQ> ‘m{hVr H$ê$Z ¿¶m Ag§ bmoH$‘V V¶ma H$aʶmMm øm MidirMm à¶ËZ hmoVm. Oar ˶m H$amamda gøm Pmë¶m Agë¶m Varhr Am¶².Q>r.EZ².À¶m à^mdmImbr nw{d{Z©VwH$ Am[U Bdw{O{dH$ øm Jmdm§Zr ˶m H$amam‘wio {Z‘m©U Pmboë¶m g§ñWmZm ‘mݶVm Úm¶bm ZH$ma {Xbm Am{U ñdV:À¶m emim Am{U ñdmñ϶ godm àñWm{nV H$am¶Mm h¸$ {‘idbm. ˶m§À¶m øm doJù¶m ^y{‘Ho$‘wioM dmQ>mKmQ>r ìhm¶bm ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV dmd {‘imbm Am{U ˶mVyZM 2007 ‘ܶo ZwZm{dH$À¶m ñdm¶ÎmVo~ÔbÀ¶m H$amamda VmpÎdH$ ar˶m ‘V¡³¶ hmoD$Z ghr Pmbr. øm H$mbI§S>mÀ¶m eodQ>r Vm‘wgr ³Œ¶y‘mH$ Amnë¶m ^mfoÀ¶m Am[U g§ñH¥$VrÀ¶m gwajobm dmhÿZ KoVbobm ~w{ÕdmXr ~Zbo.

gÚn[apñWVrVrb ZwZm{dH$À¶m {dH$mgmVrb EH$m à‘wI ^mJrXmamÀ¶m OrdZmV øm g§ñH¥$VrV,˶mMà‘mUo ho OrdZ Á¶m Eo{Vhm{gH$ H$mimÀ¶m Mm¡H$Q>rV KS>bo {VÀ¶mV M§Mwàdoe H$ê$ nmhmUmè¶m H$moUmgmR>rhr, ³Œ¶y‘mH$m§À¶m {dœH$moe Am{U eãXH$moemà‘mUoM, ho AmË‘M[aÌhr EH$ ‘hÎdmMrM Zìho Va AQ>i ^y{‘H$m ~OmdVo.

bwB© OmH$ Xmoao bmdmb {dÚmnrR>

BBpÝdQ> bmoH$ naV ñdV§Ì ìhmdoV Aer ‘mPr BÀN>m Amho

Vm‘wgr ³Œ¶y‘mH$ ( 1914 -1993) øm§Mo AmË‘M[aÌ

^mJ n{hbm

1914

‘m¶m AmB©d{S>bm§À¶m åhUʶmZwgma ‘mPm OÝ‘ 1914gmbr OmZodmar ‘{hݶmV Pmbm. ‘m¶m d{S>bm§Zr ‘m¶m OÝ‘mMr doi Zm|XÿZ R>odbr hmoVr. åhUyZ ‘r BZw³ÁdmH$À¶m WmoS>§g§ CÎmaobm Agboë¶m EH$m ~oQ>mda OÝ‘mbm Ambmoo ho ‘bm ‘m{hV Amho.˶m ‘wbImV ^anya grb ‘mgo gmnS>VmV.˶m ~oQ>mM§ ZmdM ‘wir"ZmpQ²>gQw>{b©H$'Amho.˶mMm AW© "{OWo grb ‘mgo ^anya à‘mUmV gmnS>VmV Aer OmJm' Agm Amho.

‘m¶m d{S>bm§M§ Zmd OwgwAm ZwdmqbJmH$ Am{U ‘m¶m AmB©M§ Zmd Ambm{g qH$Jm{bH$. ‘m¶m d{S>bm§À¶m d{S>bm§M§ Zmd H$m°ÞmH$ Am{U AmB©M§ Zmd,Vm{bÎmwH$. ‘m¶m AmB©À¶m d{S>bm§M§ Zmd Zm¡Om Am{U AmB©M§ Zmd ‘m‘wH$m©H$.

‘m¶m AmB©-d{S>bm§À¶m, XmoÝhr ~mO§yÀ¶m nUOmo~m-ImnanUOmo~m§M§ Zmd ‘bm ‘mhrV Zmhr ¶mMm ‘bm IoX hmoVmo. ‘bm Vr ‘m{hVr AgVr Va ‘r Vr ‘m¶m ‘wbm§Zm Z¸$sM gm§{JVbr AgVr. nU ‘bm Vo ‘mhrV Zmhr. Amnë¶m nyd©Om§Mr ‘m{hVr ZgU§ Ia§M IQ>H$Umar Jmoï> Amhoo.

1915gmbr ‘r EH$M dfm©Mm hmoVm. ˶m dfuÀ¶m H$mhr Jmoï>r bjmV R>odm¶bm ‘r ’$maM bhmZ hmoVmo.

‘r AJXr bhmZ hmoVmo VoìhmM ‘m¶m d{S>bm§À¶m AmB©-d{S>bm§À¶m Kar ‘bm nmR>db§ Job§. Vo XmoKohr H$mbm¡KmV d¥ÕmnH$mimZo Am{U ¶WmdH$me ‘aU nmdë¶mdaM ‘r ‘m¶m AmB©d{S>bm§H$S>o naV Ambmo. ‘mPo AmB©dS>r>b ‘m¶m AmOmo~mAmOr§nojm BVHo$ doJio hmoVo H$s gwadmVrgwadmVrbm ‘bm ‘m¶m AmB©d{S>bm§Zr XÎmH$M KoVb§ Agmd§ BVH§$ ‘bm AJXr naH$m Agë¶mgmaI§ dmQ>m¶M§.gwX¡dmZ§ bdH$aM hr n[apñWVr ~Xbbr.

‘mPo AmOmo~m H$m°ÞmH$ ¶m§À¶m ‘¥Ë¶yZ§VaM ‘bm n{hë¶m§Xm ‘mUg§ ‘ê$ eH$VmV ømMr OmUrd Pmbr. ˶mZ§Va ‘m¶m à˶j n[aM¶mMr qH$dm ‘bm EoHy$Z ‘mhrV Agbobr BVH$s ‘mUg§ ‘aU nmdbr AmhoV H$s ˶m§Zr EH$ JmdM ^ab§ OmB©b. WmoS>³¶mV gm§Jm¶M§ Va Ag§ åhUVm ¶oB©b H$s ‘rXoIrb Iyn XrK© Am¶wî¶ OJbmo¶².

1914nmgyZ, åhUOo ‘r OÝ‘mbm Amë¶mnmgyZMo H$mhr àg§J ‘r gm§JUma Amho. 1914 Vo 1917n¶ªV ‘r ’$maM bhmZ Agë¶mZ§ ‘bm ˶mH$mimVrb H$mhr ’$maí¶m ñnï> AmR>dUr ZmhrV. nU ˶m H$mimVrb H$mhr Jmoï>t~Ôb Z¸$s ~moby eH$Vmo H$maU bmoH$m§Zr ‘bm ˶m~Ôb IynXm ~mobb§ Amhoo. 1914 nmgyZ 1986n¶ªVÀ¶m H$mimV KS>boë¶m gJù¶m ‘hÎdmÀ¶m KQ>Zm§~Ôb ‘r ~mobm¶Mm à¶ËZ H$aUma Amho.

¹$mÞmZmH$Mr ‘wbJr ‘¡Zm {‘byVw©H$ ZwdmqbJmH$, Or nwT>o ‘mPr nËZr ~Zbr 1916 ‘ܶo OÝ‘br. Vmê$ʶmgH$Q> gmè¶m Am¶wî¶^a {VZ§ ‘bm AmYma {Xbm.

‘mPr ~{hU, ‘¡Zm {‘[aËOmH$Mm OÝ‘ 1917 ‘ܶo Pmbm. ‘r Voìhm IynM bhmZ hmoVmo Am{U ‘m¶m AmOmoir amhmV hmoVmo. ˶mdoir ‘mPo AmB©~m~m,CÎmaoH$S>À¶m BVa BpÝdQ> bmoH$m§~amo~a,øm nwTo Zm|Xboë¶m OmJm§n¡H$s Hw$R>oHw$R>oVar amhmV AgV: {H${H$Vm©ÁdmH$ ~oQ> (H°$n pñ‘W ~oQ>),AmHw${b{dH$Odi ݶmHw§$JwQ> Am{U nw{d{Z©VwH$À¶m Odinmg Hw$JmwbH$ Am{U Hw$VmH$, BZw³ÁdmH$Odi nm¡{bJm{d©H$ Am{U BZw³ÁdmH$À¶m X{jUoH$S>À¶m ^mJmV. eaX F$VwÀ¶m eodQ>r, Vir ~’$m©Z§ PmH$br Joë¶mda,~aoMgo bmoH$ d¥Õ ‘mUgm§Zm ‘mJo gmoSy>Z X{jUoH$S>o, Hw$‚mwam{nH$Mm añVm YaV. {H$˶oH$ KmoiHo$ Hw$‚mwam{nH$À¶m {XeoZ§ Om¶bm {ZKV H$maU {VWo H$mhrVar H$m‘ {‘im¶M§. Y‘mo}nXoeH$m§M§ àdMZ H$mZmda nS>md§ åhUyZ qH$dm ‘wbm§Zm ~m{áñ‘m H$am¶bm åhUyZ qH$dm {ddmhmÀ¶m n{dÌ ~§YZmÀ¶m CÔoemZo {VWo Om¶Mr àWm hmoVr. ˶m H$mimV BpÝdQ> bmoH$m§Zr {¼üZ Y‘© ñdrH$mabm hmoVm.

BpÝdQ> bmoH$m§Zr {¼üZ Y‘m}nXoeH$mbm AmOw{H$[apËdH$mbmH$ Ag§ Zmd {Xb§ hmoV§. AmOw{H$[apËdH$mbmH$ZoM ‘bm 27 E{àb 1917bm ~m{áñ‘m {Xbm hmoVm. S>ãë¶y.Or. d°Q>gZ ZmdmMo Xþgao EH$ Y‘m}nXoeH$ hmoVo. BpÝdQ> bmoH$ ˶m§Zm CH$më¶y[aÎmwH$ åhUV. ˶m§Mr Ym{‘©H$ àdMZ§ EoH$m¶bm BpÝdQ> bmoH$ ¶m¶Mo. ˶m H$mimV VoM H$m¶ Vo EH$Q>o BpÝdQ> bmoH$m§Zm [¼üZ Y‘m©Mr Xrjm Úm¶Mo. gmYmaUnUo gJio BpÝdQ> {¼üZ Pmbo hmoVo,’$º$ H$mhr OU§mZr AÚmn Y‘mªVa H$am¶bm ZH$ma {Xbm hmoVm. AJXr AmOhr Iyngo BpÝdQ> Y‘mªVa H$am¶bm ZH$ma XoV AmhoV. Y‘m}nXoeH$m§Zr gm§{JVboë¶m ^{dî¶dmUr Iè¶m R>aë¶m AmhoV Am{U AJXr AmOhr Iè¶m R>aV AmhoV.

27 E{àb 1917bm Y‘m©onXoeH$ d°Q>gZ ¶m§Zr ‘bm {¼ñVr Y‘m©Mr Xrjm {Xbr. ~arMímr BpÝdQ> Hw$Qw>§~§ Hw$‚mwam{nH$‘ܶo amhmʶmgmR>r gmam {hdmim^a àdmg H$aV AgV Am{U Amnë¶m Vimda Ho$di dg§V F$Vy bmJm¶À¶m doirM naV ¶m¶Mr,H$maU ˶m H$mimV,nw{d{Z©VwH$ Am{U BZþ³ÁdmH$À¶mAmgnmgM bmoH$ Vi R>moHy$Z amhmV AgV. ˶mH$mir EH$hr ‘moR>§ Ag§ Jmd ZìhV§. gJio BpÝdQ> Amnmnë¶m Hw$Qw>§~m§~amo~a Vi Q>mHy$Z amhm¶Mo Am{U à˶oH$ VimMo à‘wI Amnmnë¶m H$m‘mV Va~oO hmoVo. gJio Vnerb AmR>dmdoV BVH$m H$mhr ‘r ‘moR>m ZìhVmo nU VimdaM§ OrdZ H$g§ hmoV§ ho ‘bm AmR>dV§¶².

1918

˶m dfu ‘mPo AmB©d{S>b ‘bm AmOmo~§m~amo~a gmoSy>Z, Hw$‚mwam{nH$bm {ZKyZ Jobo. Vo Ooìhm naV Ambo Voìhm ˶m§Zr Om°Zr Am§Jw{VJwbwH$ nrAmodr ZmdmÀ¶m ‘wbmbm XÎmH$ KoVb§ hmoV§. ‘mÂmm OÝ‘1914gmbMm hmoVm,˶mMm OÝ‘ 1910Mm hmoVm Am{U Vmo 8 dfmªMm hmoVm. Amåhr ^mdm§^mdm§gmaIo EH$ÌM dmT>bmo. Vmo gma§ Am¶wî¶^a,AJXr åhmVmam hmoB©ñVmoda,Am‘À¶m KamVM am{hbm.

1919

åhUVmV H$s hS>gZ ~o H§$nZrMr N>mdUr BZw³ÁdmH$bm øm gmbr àñWm{nV H$aʶmV Ambr. ˶m àg§JmMr ‘bm AJXrM Yyga AmR>dU Amho. ‘r IynM bhmZ hmoVmo. Imob àXoemV amhmUmao BpÝdQ> bmoH$ BZwp³ÁdmH$ ZXrbJV àdmg H$ê$Z {VWo Ambo hmoVo. Vo Ooìhm BZwp³ÁdmH$bm ¶oD$Z nmohmoMbo,Voìhm {VWo Ka§ ~m§Ybr OmVmZm nmhÿZ ˶m§Zm Amü¶©M dmQ>b§ H$maU ˶m~Ôb H$moUVrhr ~marH$er ~mV‘rXoIrb ˶m§À¶m H$mZmda nS>br ZìhVr. aodoæ¶m| ~§Yy øm ’«|$M ì¶mnmè¶m§Zr hS>gZ ~o H§$nZrÀ¶m AJmoXaM BZwp³ÁdmH$bm Vi R>moH$bm hmoVm. Vo H$Yr Ambo ho ‘bm AmR>dV Zmhr,nU ˶m§À¶m ’«|$M ì¶mnmaH§o$Ðmdê$Z Amåhr gm‘mZ {dH$V ¿¶m¶Mmo ho ‘bm ‘m{hV Amho. ˶m§À¶mH$S>o Mm§Jë¶m àVrÀ¶m {OZgm {‘iV: ˶m H|$Ðmda {dH$V KoVbobo ’$mgo AOyZhr {H$˶oH$ BpÝdQ> Kam§‘YyZ dmnaboo OmV AmhoV. ‘mPo d{S>b ˶m§À¶mH$S>o H$m‘ H$am¶Mo hohr ‘bm ‘m{hV Amho. 1902‘ܶo aodoæ¶m§oZr BZwp³ÁdmH$bm n{hbr B‘maV ~m§Ybr Ag§ ‘r EoH$b§ Amho. BVH§$M H$m¶ Vr AOyZhr em~yV Amho. ˶m B‘maVrÀ¶m ~m§YH$m‘mMr VmarI ‘bm Z¸$s gm§JVm ¶oUma Zmhr. BZw³ÁdmH$‘Ybo d[að> ZmJ[aH$, gm‘ybr A{‘{bamH$ A{‘bmH$ ¶m§Zr ‘bm gm§{JVb§ H$s Vr B‘maV 1902‘ܶo ~m§YʶmV Ambr. ˶m§Mm OÝ‘hr ˶mM gmbMm Amho. ‘mPm ˶m§À¶mda Zoh‘rM {dœmg am{hbm Amho Am{U ˶m§Zr gm§{JVbob§ Ia§ Amho Ag§ ‘r J¥hrV YaVmo. Vo nmM dfm§ªnydu dmabo. ˶m§M§ b¾ ݶmbr ¶wqdJmOwH$ ~amo~a Pmb§, Vr ‘m¶m AmB©Mr YmH$Q>r ~hrU !

˶mH$mimV {eH$mè¶m§Mo XmoZ JQ> hmoVo: à˶oH$OU Amnmnë¶m ì¶mnmaH|$Ðmbm Ho$gmi H$mVS>r {dH$m¶Mm: H$mhr OU øm H|$Ðmbm Va H$mhr OU ˶m H|$Ðmbm! {H$˶oH$ OmJr,BpÝdQ> bmoH$ ˶m§À¶mH$S>Mr Ho$gmi H$mVS>r,hS>gZ ~o H§$nZrbmM {dH$m¶Mo. ˶mH$mimV H§$nZr H$moëømMr H$mVS>r {‘idʶmgmR>r àM§S> à¶mg H$aV hmoVr. ‘bm Z§Va H$ib§ H$s Vo ì¶mnmar AmnmngmV ñnYm© H$am¶Mo. ˶mH$mir H$moëho ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV CnbãY hmoVo Am{U ˶m§Mr H$mVS>rXoIrb AmUIrZM Mm§Jë¶m qH$‘Vrbm {dH$br

Om¶Mr, Va ì¶mnmaH|$Ðmda Amåhr Á¶m Á¶m dñVy {dH$V ¿¶m¶Mmo, ˶m§À¶m qH$‘Vr ’$ma ‘hmJ Zgm¶À¶m. ˶m H$mimV øm ‘wbImV ’$maM WmoS>o Jmoao bmoH$ hmoVo.

1919‘ܶo n{hë¶m§Xm ‘bm EH$m ~mimMm OÝ‘ Pmbobm nmhm¶bm {‘imbm: {b{V¶m {H${Z©D$bm°H$. AmO Vr {b{V¶m Hw${nê$Ambm°H$ Amho H$maU {VÀ¶m Zdè¶mM§ Zmd AmB©gm Hw${nê$Ambm°H Amho. {b{V¶m ‘m¶m d{S>bm§Mr gmdÌ ~hrU Amho Am{U ‘mPo AmOmo~m H$m°ÞmH$ ¶m§Mr ‘wbJr Amho.˶m§À¶m Xþgè¶m ~m¶H$moM§ Zmd bwgr Hw$‘mbwH$ hmoV§. [b{V¶m Am{U AmB©gm AmOhr {Od§V AmhoV.

1919‘ܶoM ‘mPo AmOmo~m H$m°ÞmH$ ‘aU nmdbo. bmoH$ ‘aU nmdVmV ho ‘bm n{hë¶m§Xm Voìhm g‘Ob§. ‘r ˶mH$mir Iyn bhmZ Agë¶mZ§ ˶m§À¶m ‘¥Ë¶yMm Zm ‘bm emoH$ Pmbm Zm I§V! ‘bm Ho$di ˶m KQ>ZoMrM AmR>dU Amho. ˶mZ§Va H$m¶ Pmb§ ho ‘r {dgabmo¶ Ag§ {XgV§¶.

‘mÂmo AmOmo~m ‘m¶m~Ôb ’$maM H$miOr H$aV Ag§ åhUVmV.CXmhaUmW© Hw$Um ‘wbmZ§ ‘bm aS>db§ Va Vo ˶mMr Aer H$mZCKmS>Ur H$aV H$s Vmohr ˶m‘wio aS>m¶bm bmJm¶Mm. ˶m§Mm ‘m¶mda {H$Vr Ord hmoVm ømM§M ho Mm§Jb§ CXmhaU Amhoo. ‘mPr AmB© ‘bm Zoh‘r åhUm¶Mr :"VwPo AmOr AmOmo~m VwPr ’$ma H$miOr KoVmV.' H$mhr Im¶Mo nXmW©© qH$dm H$mhr JmoS>YmoS>mM§ ‘m¶mgmR>r amIyZ R>odV R>odV Am{U gJù¶m§À¶m Z§Va ‘bm XoV. ˶m‘wio Ooìhm gJù¶m§M§ ImU§ Pmb§ Agm¶M§ Voìhm ‘r BVam§À¶m ZmH$mda {Q>ƒyZ ImV amhm¶Mmo. ‘m¶m AmOmo~m§M§ Zmd H$m°ÞmH$ hmoVo. ‘mPo AmOmo~m ‘mPo H$go bmS> H$am¶Mo Am{U ‘m¶m AmB©bm Vo H$g§ AmdS>V Zgm¶M§ ho VrM ‘bm gm§Jm¶Mr. Vo {Vbm BVH§$ ìhm¶M§ H$s ‘r ‘ê$Z Omd§ Ag§M {Vbm dmQ>m¶M§.

1920.

˶m dfu BZw³ÁdmH$bm EH$ {MÌnQ>{Z‘m©Vm Ambm. ˶mM§ BZ[³Q>Qw>Q> Zmd

gm¡å¶mbwH$!AmbmH$m[aAmbmH$bm KoD$Z Vmo EH$ {MÌnQ> ~ZdV hmoVm.

AmbmH$m[aAmbmH$bm Vmo ZmZwH$ åhUm¶Mm.˶m H$mimV ˶mZ§ ~Zdbobo {MÌnQ> Am[U ’$moQ>mo ‘r IynIyn doim nm{hbo AmhoV. ‘mPr AmB©,Ambmgr H±$H$m{bH$, ZmZwH$À¶m ~m¶H$moMr ^y{‘H$m H$am¶Mr. ‘rXoIrb H$mhr H$mhr ’$moQ>mo‘ܶo hOa hmoVmo. nU ‘bm ˶mMr AJXrM WmoS>r AmR>dU Amho. gm¡å¶mbwH$M§ {’$a§Jr Zmd am°~Q>© âbmhoQ>u Ag§ hmoV§.˶mbm BpÝdQ> bmoH$ gm¡å¶mbwH$ åhUm¶Mo H$maU Vmo S>mì¶m hmVmZ§ H$m‘ H$am¶Mm. ˶mM§ ‘yi Zmd MwH$m Z H$aVm CƒmaVm ¶oV Zgë¶mZ§ ˶m§Zr ˶mbm Amnë¶mbm n[a{MV Ag§ Zmd {Xb§. d¶mZ§ åhmVmè¶m BpÝdQ> bmoH$m§Zm naH$s¶ ^mfm ~mobm¶bm qH$dm Zdo eãX Cƒmam¶bm H${R>U OmV§ H$maU ˶m§Zm ˶mMr gd¶ ZgVo.

gm¡å¶mbwH$Zo Á¶m Á¶m {MÌnQ>m§VyZ H$m‘ Ho$b§ ˶mn¡H$s EH$mhr {MÌnQ>mV ‘m¶m d{S>bm§Zr H$m‘ Ho$b§ Zmhr. ‘m¶m AmB©Z§ ‘m¶m YmH$Q>çm ~{hUrbm, ‘¡Zm {‘[aËOmH$bm Amnë¶m nmR>rda ~m§YyZ KoD$Z, ˶m {MÌnQ>mbm hmV^ma bmdbm hmoVm. ˶m~amo~aM AmUIr EH$ ór ‘m¶m AmB©~amo~a H$m‘ H$am¶Mr. Vr ~mB© åhUOo ‘mH$s. ‘mH$s hr Ow{gnrMr AmB©! Amnbm ‘wbwI gmoSy>Z Ow{gnr J«rO ’$moS© BWo àñWm{nV Pmbo. Ow{gnrMo d{S>b Jmooao Agë¶mZ§ Vo g§{‘l OmVrMo AmhoV.

gm¡å¶mbwH$~amo~a {H$Vr BpÝdQ> ‘mUgm§Zr H$m‘ Ho$b§ ho ‘bm ‘m{hV Zmhr nU AmbmH$m¶m©bmH$,Ambmgr H±$Jm{bH$ Am{U ‘mH$s ˶mV hmoVo ho ‘bm AmR>dV§¶. {MÌnQ>mV Am{U gm¡å¶mbwH$Zo H$mT>boë¶m ’$moQ>mo§‘ܶo nm{hë¶mda ‘r ˶m§Zm AmoiIb§ .

‘r Ooìhm {‘˶mVw©H$~amo~a BZw{³g¶w{Q>Q> H$m{V‘m{OVÀ¶m g^ogmR>r ‘m|Q´>oAbbm Jobmo, Voìhm ‘r gm¡å¶mbwH$À¶m ‘wbrbm ^oQ>bmo.{Vbm ˶m g^oV nmhÿZ Amåhmbm Iyn AmZ§X dmQ>bm.Vr g^m ~oZm©a (gmbmX± Xm§½ë¶ya)Am{U bwB© (bwB© PmH$ Xmoao) ¶m§Zr Am¶mo{OV Ho$br hmoVr. Vo BZw{º$VwV AJXr g’$mB©Z§ ~mobV Agë¶mZ§ Amåhmbm Xþ^mî¶m§Mr JaO nS>br Zmhr.1984 À¶m Zmod|~a‘Ybr hr KQ>Zm Amho.

gm¡å¶mbwH$ BZw³ÁdmH$bm {H$Vr H$mi hmoVm ho ‘bm AmR>dV Zmhr. øm gJù¶m Jmoï>tMr ZrQ> AmR>dU R>odʶmBVH$m ‘r ‘moR>m ZìhVmo.Oo H$mhr ‘bm AmR>dV§¶ Vo ho H$s ˶m H$mimV àdmg H$aU§ Ho$di Zmdm§VyZ qH$dm Hw$Ͷm§Zr AmoT>boë¶m KgaJmS>çm§VyZM e³¶ hmoV§.

1921

‘mPr ~hrU bwB©Pm A³¶mê$H$ {hMm OÝ‘ ‘bm AmR>dVmo. Vr {‘{bV ~oQ>mda OÝ‘mbm Ambr. g‘wÐ{H$Zmè¶mdaÀ¶m VrZ ‘moR>çm ~oQ>m§n¡H$s Vo EH$ ~oQ> Amhoo. ˶m ~oQ>m§da grb ‘mgo ‘mam¶bm bmoH$ ¶oV AgV. AmOhr bmoH$ ¶oVmV. H$Yr H$Yr øm ~oQ>m§da ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda grb ‘mgo {‘iVmV, H$Yr H$Yr Vo {VVHo$ {‘iV ZmhrV. Vo H$mhr Agb§ Var ‘bm ‘mPr ~{hU bwB©Pm H$Yr OÝ‘mbm Ambr ho AmR>dV§¶.

1922

Jmoao bmoH$ H$m§{Jgw©dm©H$À¶m CngmJambm nw{dZw©VwH$ åhUV H$maU Vmo CngmJa nw{dZ©wVwH$Odi Amho. aodoæ¶m± ~§Yy§Zr {VWo Amnbr dIma àñWm{nV Ho$br Am{U ˶mMr ˶m ^mJmVrb BpÝdQ> bmoH$m§Zm Iyn ‘XV Pmbr. {VWo Img H$ê$Z ~§XþH$sÀ¶m Jmoù¶m,Mhm, V§~mIy Am{U nrR> Am{U BpÝdQ> bmoH$ ˶m§À¶m X¡Z§{XZ OrdZmV Á¶m Á¶m Jmoï>r dmnam¶Mo ˶m {dH$ë¶m Om¶À¶m. ‘mPo d{S>b, Owñdm ZwdmqbJm‘ ˶m dImarV H$m‘

H$am¶Mo Am{U ˶m dImarMo ‘°ZoOa h°ar ‘m{‘OwH$ ZmdmMo EH$ BpÝdQ> hmoVo. Vo XmoKohr {eH$mar Am{U ’$mgonmaYr Agë¶mZo ˶m XmoKm§n¡H$s EH$hr OU nyU©doi H$m‘ H$aV Zgo. ˶m H$mimV, ˶m ^mJmV ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV H$moëho amhmV hmoVo. ˶m§À¶m Mm‘Sr ‘hmJ hmo˶m Am{U BVa dñVy ñdñV hmo˶m. åhUyZ ˶m N>moQ>çmí¶m {dH«$sH|$ÐmVrb {OZgm {hdmim g§nm¶À¶m AmVM g§nyZ Om¶À¶m. Vg§ Pmb§ H$s ZdrZ ‘mb ¶oʶmgmR>r dg§V F$VyMr dmQ> nmhm¶bm bmJm¶Mr. BZw³ÁdmH$À¶m ‘w»¶ dImarVyZ Zmdm§Zr gm‘mZ nmR>db§ Om¶M§. ‘r ‘moR>m hmoB©ñVmoda ho {dH«$sH|$Ð Ag§ Mmbm¶M§. ˶mMr ñWmnZm Pmbr Voìhm ‘r AJXr bhmZ hmoVmo Am{U ‘r ‘moR>m hmoD$Z ‘bm ‘yb hmoB©ñVmoda Vo Mmby hmoV§. ˶m~Ôb ‘r Z§Va A{YH$ gm§JoZM.

H$m§{Jg©wdm©H$À¶m H|$ÐmVrb {dH$m¶M§ gm‘mZ g§në¶mda dg§V F$VyV ‘mP§ gma§ Hw$Qw>§~ BZw³ÁdmH$bm Om¶bm {ZKm¶M§. ˶mH$mimV ‘mPo d{S>b AOyZ h¶mV hmoVo. gm‘mZ bmXbobr Zmd Ooìhm ‘mb KoD$Z ¶m¶Mr VoìhmM Amåhr Vimda naV ¶m¶Mmo. Amåhr BZw³ÁdmH$bm OmVmZm Hw$Ͷm§Zr AmoT>boë¶m KgaJmS>rVyZ Om¶Mmo Am{U ¶oVmZm ZmdoVyZ naV ¶m¶Mmo.

‘mHw$gr Zw§ÝJmH$Zo H$m§{Jgw©dm©H$M§ {dVaUH|$Ð ñWmnZ Ho$b§ Ag§ ‘bm bmoH$m§Zr gm§{JVb§ Amho. ˶m àXoemÀ¶m OdinmgM§ nmUr nwaog§ Imob Zgë¶mZ§ ‘moR>mbr OhmO§ {VWo Z§mJa Q>mH$y eH$V ZmhrV, åhUyZ gm‘mZ N>moQ²>¶mímm ZmdoVyZ nmohmoMdb§ OmV§. BWo ^anya à‘mUmV H$moëho {‘iy eH$VmV åhUyZM Ho$di øm ^mJmVrb ho H|$Ð Mmby R>odb§ Amho. {hdmù¶mÀ¶m eodQ>r, H$m§{Jgw©dm©H$À¶m H|$Ðmda Jmoim Ho$bobr H$mVS>r Hw$Ͷm§Zr AmoT>ë¶m OmUmè¶m KgaJmS>çm§Zr BZw³ÁdmH$À¶m H|$Ðmda Zobr OmV Am{U CÝhmù¶mV ‘mbdmhÿ OhmOm§da bmXbr OmV. ˶m H$mimV BpÝdQ> bmoH$ H$m‘mbm ‘mJo hQ>m¶Mo ZmhrV. ˶m§Zm H$m‘ H$am¶bm AmdS>m¶M§. ˶m H$mimV AmOma H$‘r hmoVo. Ooìhm BpÝdQ> bmoH$ EH$Q>oM ˶m§À¶m àXoemV amhm¶Mo Voìhm ˶m§Zm AmOma dJ¡ao ‘m{hV ZìhV§.

X{jUoH$S>Mo bmoH$ Am‘À¶m ‘wbImV Amë¶mda Am{U ‘mbnwadR>çmMr OhmO§ ¶m¶bm bmJë¶mda, BpÝdQ> bmoH$ AmOmar nS>m¶bm gwadmV Pmbr qH$dm ˶m§Zm ^bVogbVo Vmn ¶m¶bm bmJbo. ˶m§À¶mn¡H$s H$mhr OU Va ¶m AmOmam§Zr ‘¥Ë¶w‘wIrXoIrb nS>bo. IoS>oJmdmVyZ Zm S>m°³Q>a hmoVo Zm Zg©! ˶m‘wio Am‘À¶mH$S>o X{jUoH$S>Mr Am¡fY§ ZìhVr. Am‘M§ ‘w»¶ Cnm¶ hmoVm grb ‘mgmM§ nm§T>a§ ‘mg {eOdyZ ˶mVyZ {ZKUma§ Vob. ‘r bhmZnUr Ooìhm Ooìhm AmOmar nS>m¶Mmo Voìhm ‘mPr AmB© ‘bm hoM Vob ߶m¶bm bmdm¶Mr ho ‘bm AmR>dV§¶².

Amåhr Ooìhm BZw³ÁdmH$bm amhm¶Mmo Voìhm ‘mPo dS>rb Am{U BVa {eH$mar ‘mog© ‘mgo nH$S>m¶bm åhUyZ ¶m§{ÌH$s Zm¡H$m§VyZ OmV AgV. Vo Á¶m ~oQ>mda {eH$marbm OmV ˶m ~oQmM§ Zmd hmoV§ {H${H$Vm©ê$H$! Vo BZw³ÁdmH$nmgyZ Xÿa Zmhr. ‘mPo dS>rb Am{U BVa {eH$mar Zoh‘rM ˶m ~oQ>mdê$Z ‘mog© ‘mgo AmUV. Vo Om¶Mo ˶m ~moQ>rM§ ‘erZ Iyn VmH$VrM§ Zgë¶mZ§ ˶m§Zm {VW§ Om¶bm 4 qH$dm 5Vmg bmJm¶Mo. ‘r ˶mdoir IynM bhmZ Agë¶mZ§ ˶§mÀ¶m~amo~a ˶m àdmgmV OmD$ eH$V Zgo.

gmam CÝhmim Amåhr BZw³ÁdmH$bm ‘mbnwadR>çmÀ¶m OhmOmMr dmQ> nmhm¶Mmo. CÝhmù¶mÀ¶m eodQ>r OhmO Amë¶mda Amåhr H$m§{Jg©wdm©H$bm, ‘moQ>a~moQ>rVyZ naV ¶m¶Mmo. Am‘À¶m VimdaMr VrM EH$ Ver Zmd hmoVr. gJim ‘mb AmUʶmgmR>r ˶m Zmdobm {H$VrVar doim BZw³ÁdmH$ Am{U H$m§{Jg©wdm©H$À¶m Xaå¶mZ Om-Om ¶o-¶o H$am¶bm bmJm¶Mr. H$mhr Agb§ Varhr, Ooìhm {VWo ‘moR>çm g§»¶oZo H$moëho Agm¶Mo, Voìhm {dH«$sH|$ÐmH$Sy>Z ¶oUma§ gm‘mZ g§nyU© {hdmim^a H$YrM nwam¶M§ Zmhr.

Ooìhm H$m§{Jgw©dmH$À¶m H|$Ðmda H$mhrM {e„H$ Zgm¶M§ Voìhm {eH$mè¶m§n¡H$s H$mhrOU Hw$Ͷm§Zr AmoT>m¶À¶m KgaJmS>rVyZ BZw³ÁdmH$bm gm‘mZ AmUm¶bm OmV. ho Oar Iyn H$ï>mM§ H$m‘ Agb§ Var ˶m§Zm Vmo àdmg H$am¶bm AmdS>m¶M§ ho CKS> hmoV§. {ZgJm©Zo nwadboë¶m Jmoï>tZr nmoQ> ^aʶmMr {OWo {OWo e³¶Vm Agob {VWo {VWo BpÝdQ> bmoH Vi Q>mH$m¶Mo. H$YrH$Yr EH$M Hw$Qw>§~ ñdV:Mm Vi Q>mH$m¶M§, Va EImÚm {R>H$mUr AZoH$ Hw$Qw>§~§ AgVrb Va {VWo EImXm à‘wI Agm¶Mm. ’$maM WmoS>o Jmoao bmoH$ hmoVo ˶mdoir.

EH$mM Vimda amhmV Zgë¶mZ§ bmoH$ EH$‘oH$m§Zm XrK© H$mi ^oQ>V ZgV. ˶m§À¶mV H$moU˶mhr àH$maMm g§nH©$ Zgm¶Mm, nU eodQ>r Vo ¶m Zm ˶m àH$mamZ§ EH$‘oH$m§Zm ^oQ>m¶MoM. BpÝdQ> bmoH$m§M§ OrdZ Ag§M Agm¶M§. Ooìhm Vbmd Am{U g‘wÐ JmoR>bobo AgV Voìhm Vo EH$‘oH$m§Zm {hdmù¶mV ^oQ>m¶Mo qH$dm CÝhmù¶mV! ho gJi§ Vo ñdV:À¶mM ‘ZmZ§ H$am¶Mo, Hw$Urhr ˶m§À¶mda XS>nU AmUb§ åhUyZ Zmhr. Vo A˶§V ñdÀN>§Xr hmoVo. H$Yr H$Yr Vo EH$‘oH$m§Zm {eH$ma H$am¶À¶m àm§VmV ^oQ>m¶M§ R>adm¶Mo. H$YrH$Yr Vo EH$‘oH$m§Zm ^oQ>m¶bm nm¶r qH$dm Hw$Ͷm§Zr AmoT>m¶À¶m KgaJmS>rVyZ Om¶Mo. Ooìhm OrdZmdí¶H$ dñVy§Mm A^md {Z‘m©U ìhm¶Mm Voìhm Vo Xþgè¶m Vim§H$S>o ImÚnXmW© qH$dm Xod‘mí¶mM§ nm§T>a§ ‘mg emoYm¶bm OmV. doJdoJù¶m Jmdm§V pñWañWmda hmoD$Z ahm¶bm bmJm¶À¶m AJmoXa ˶m§Mm hmM OrdZH«$‘ hmoVm.

‘moR>çm ‘mUgm§~amo~a {eH$ma H$am¶bm OmD$ eH$ʶmBVH$m ‘moR>m hmoʶmAJmoXa Aí¶m nÕVrM§M OrdZ OJë¶mM§ ‘bm AmR>dV§¶. OmñVrV OmñV doim ‘r ‘m¶m AmB©~amo~a amhm¶Mmo. {VM§ åhUU§ ‘r ZrQ> EoH$m¶Mmo Am{U [VMm eãX ‘r nmim¶Mmo. ‘moR>r ‘mUg§ Oo Oo H$mhr ‘bm gm§Jm¶Mr, Vo Vo ‘r H$am¶Mmo. Vo gJi§ ‘m¶m ^mdmÀ¶m

OÝ‘mAJmoXa Pmb§, nU ‘bm AJmoXaM XmoZ ~{hUrXoIrb hmo˶m. ‘r Xhm dfmªMm AgVmZmM ‘bm ~mhoa Ioim¶bm nadmZJr hmoVr. ‘r BVa ‘wbm§~amo~a Ioim¶Mmo, nU ‘bm AOyZhr Hw$Ͷm§Mr ^rVr dmQ>m¶Mr. ‘r EH$Q>m AgVmZm Oa H$m Hw$Ìr ‘bm {Xgbr Va ‘r YmdV YmdV KamV naVm¶Mmo.

1924

‘mPm ^mD$, V¡{d{V AmbmñdmH$Mm OÝ‘ øm dfu Pmbm Am{U KamV EH$Q>mM ‘wbJm ‘r AgU§ g§nb§. ho gJi§ Amåhr H$m§{Jg©wdm©H$bm amhmV AgVmZm Pmb§. dfm©Mm H$mhr H$mi Amåhr Oar BZw³ÁdmH$bm KmbdV Agbmo, Var OmñVrV OmñV H$mi Amåhr H$m§{Jgw©dm©H$bmM amhm¶Mmo. H$moëøm§Mr {eH$ma H$am¶Mm grPZ g§nbm H$s Amåhr {VW§ OmV Agy. gJio nmaYr {hdmù¶mV H$moëho nH$S>m¶Mo. H$m§{Jg©wdm©H$À¶m Vimda EH$ Jmoam

{dH«o$Vm gma§ df©^a Agm¶Mm.AmgnmgÀ¶m (ny{d{Z©VwH$,Hw$JmbwH$ Am{U

Bgw{g©C{dH$À¶m)Vim§daMo bmoH$ ˶m H|$Ðmda gm‘mZ [dH$V ¿¶m¶bm ¶m¶Mo. Vo Zoh‘r Zoh‘r {VWo ¶oV ZgV, ’$º$ XþH$mZmV ˶m§Zr KoVbob§ gm‘mZ Ooìhm g§nm¶M§ qH$dm ˶m§Zm H$moëøm§À¶m H$mVS>r {dH$m¶À¶m AgV VoìhmM Vo {VWo ¶m¶Mo. ˶mH$mimV gaH$ma, S>m°³Q>a, {ejH$ qH$dm nmobrg dJ¡ao H$mhrM ApñVÎdmV ZìhV§.˶m àXoemVyZ Ho$di BpÝdQ> bmoH$M amhm¶Mo, {VWo ’$maM ‘moOHo$ Jmoao bmoH$ hmoVo Am{U Vo BZw³ÁdmH$bm AgV.˶mdoiÀ¶m OrdZmMr ~è¶mn¡H$s AmR>dU AgʶmBVnV ‘r ˶mdoir ‘moR>m Pmbmo hmoVmo .

V¡{dVr AmbmñdmH$À¶m OÝ‘mZ§Va ‘m¶m AmB©bm H$mhr ‘yb Pmb§ Zmhr. VmoM Am‘À¶m KamVrb gJù¶mV bhmZ am{hbm. ˶mÀ¶m~Ôb A{YH$ ‘r Z§Va nwÝhm ~moboZ.

bhmZ AgVmZm, ‘r H$Yrhr nw{d{Z©VwH$bm OmV Zgo. ~hþVoH$ doim Amåhr H$m§{Jg©wdm©H$ Am{U BZw³ÁdmH$À¶m Xaå¶mZM Om-Om ¶o-¶o H$am¶Mmo. ˶m§À¶m ‘ܶ§VarÀ¶m H$mimV Amåhr BVa Vim§Zm ^oQ> Úm¶Mmo. Am‘M§ ho Ag§ OmU§ ‘m¶m d{S>bm§Zm Oo H$mhr H$am¶M§ Agob ˶mda Adb§~yZ Ago. {eH$mè¶m§À¶m ‘mJmo‘mJ Om¶bm ‘bm d{S>bm§Zr nadmZJr Úm¶bm Iyn H$mi Om¶bm bmJbm. Vo H$Xm{MV ‘r ‘m¶m d¶mÀ¶m ‘mZmZ§ bhmZImoa Agë¶m‘wio Agob. ‘r H$YrM,AJXr nyU© d¶mMm Pmë¶mdahr, gd©gm‘mݶ C§MrMm ~Zy eH$bmo Zmhr. gd©gm‘mݶ bmoH§$mnojm ‘r bhmZImoaM Amho. à˶oH$mMr H$mhr H$mhr d¡{eîQ>ç§ AgVmV : ‘mP§ d¡{ímîQ>ç åhUOo ‘r bhmZImoa Amho.

‘bm {eH$ma H$am¶bm OmD$ {Xb§ OmV Zgë¶mZ§, 1925 gmb COmS>b§ Var ‘r AOyZ EH$hr àmUr ‘mabm ZìhVm. ‘m¶mH$S>o ‘mPr ñdV:Mr åhUyZ ~§XÿH$ ZìhVr. ‘r H$Xm{MV Hw$UmbmVar (AOmUVmM)OI‘r H$arZ Aer bmoH$m§Zm ~hþVoH$ ^r{V dmQ>V Agmdr.EH$ Jmoï> ‘mÌ Z¸$s: ‘r BVH$m IQ>çmi hmoVmo H$s ‘r ‘m¶m ^mdm-~{hUtZm aS>dʶmV nQ>mB©V hmoVmo.

‘m¶m d{S>bm§Mr gmdÌ ~hrU, ñ¶mOm Ambm{ZH$ Am‘À¶mH$S>o Iyn dfª am{hbr hmoVr. ‘r amÌr A§Wê$Umda nS>bmo H$s Vr ‘bm ~m¶~b {eH$dm¶Mr. Vr ‘mPr Iyn H$miOr ¿¶m¶Mr. Vr ‘bm Im¶bm Úm¶Mr Am{U OdiOdi gmaIrM ‘m¶m~amo~a Agm¶Mr. ‘mPo dS>rb Ooìhm œmgmoÀN‰>mg H$aʶmgmR>r ~’$m©V nmS>boë¶m IS²>S>çm§Odi Ambobo grb ‘mgo nH$S>m¶bm OmV Voìhm Vr ˶§mÀ¶m ~amo~a Om¶Mr. b¾ H$am¶M§ Zmhr Aímm {Zü¶mnmoQ>rM ñ¶mÁ¶mZ§ H$Yrhr b¾ Ho$b§ Zmhr. {Vbm H$Xm{MV nwê$fm§Mr ^r{V dmQ>V Agmdr. Vr ’$mgo bmdm¶bm nm¶rM Om¶Mr.a{ddma gmoS>bm Va Vr Vbmdm§da ‘mgo nH$S>m¶bm Om¶Mr. BVa {eH$mè¶m§~amo~a H$mar~y§Mr {eH$ma H$am¶bm ~m~m Om¶Mo Voìhmhr Vr ˶m§À¶m~amo~a Om¶Mr. Vo nm¶rM {eH$ma H$am¶Mo, {hdmù¶mgmR>r ‘m§gmMo gmR>o nwam¶À¶m OmJm V¶ma H$am¶Mo Am{U H$nS>çm§gmR>r Ho$gmi H$mVS>r Jmoim H$am¶Mo. Vr Zoh‘rM nwê$fm§~amo~a {eH$marbm Om¶Mr. åhUyZ ‘r bhmZ AgVmZm {VZ§ Amåhmbm Iyn ‘XV Ho$br Amho ho ‘bm ‘mhrV Amho.

1926

øm dfu n{hbm Am§p½bH$Z Y‘m}nXoeH$ BZw³ÁdmH$bm Ambm. ˶mbm BZwp³Q>Qw>Q> ~mobVm ¶m¶Mr Zmhr. g§jonmZ§ H$m hmoB© Zm nU, nwñVH$mV Z nmhmVm, ˶mZ§M Amåhmbm ~m¶~bMo YS>o {Xbo. Vmo Mm§Jbm AZw^d hmoVm. Vmo {H$Vr H$mi BZw³ÁdmH$bm am{hbm Vo ‘bm AmR>dV Zmhr, H$maU ~m~m Voìhm h¶mV hmoVo Am{U Amåhr BZw³ÁdmH$bm Ho$di {Zå‘m CÝhmimM amhm¶Mmo. {hdmù¶mV Amåhr H$m§{Jgwdm©H$bm naVm¶Mmo. nwê$fm§Zm Cn¶wº$ Jmoï>rhr ‘r Voìhm {eH$V hmoVmo. ~m~m Ooìhm H$m‘ H$am¶Mo Voìhm ‘r ˶m§À¶mgmR>r gm‘mZ AmUm¶Mmo, nU ˶m§À¶m~amo~a {eH$marbm Om¶Mr ‘bm AOyZ nadmZJr ZìhVr.

~m~m h¶mV Agon¶ªV Amåhmbm H$Yr Im¶Mr XXmV nS>br Zmhr. Vo CÎm‘ {eH$mar hmoVo.Vo grb ‘mgo, H$mar~y Am[U H$mooëho ‘mam¶Mo. ˶mH$mir ˶m ‘wbImV àmUr ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV CnbãY hmoVo ho åhUmd§M bmJob.

1926‘ܶo H$m§{Jg©wdm©H$‘Yrb aodoæ¶m| H|$ÐmMo g§MmbH$ Jmoao bmoH$ hmoVo. XodmUKodmUrgmR>r H$moëho ^anya Agë¶mZ§ H|$ÐmVrb gm‘mZ MQ>{Xer g§nyZ Om¶M§. ˶m

dfu gJi§ H$mhr ì¶dpñWV Pmb§ EdT>§M ‘r gm§Jy eHo$Z, H$maU H$mhrhr ‘hÎdmM§, AmR>dUrV R>odmd§ Ag§ Voìhm KS>b§ Zmhr.

1927

øm dfu CÝhmù¶mMm n{hbm AYm© ^mJ Amåhr BZw³ÁdmH$bm hmoVmo. eaX F$VwV, n{hb§ ~’©$ nS>ë¶mda, ~m~m H$mar~yMr {eH$ma H$am¶bm åhUyZ XoemÀ¶m A§Jmbm Jobo. ˶m§À¶m ~amo~a ‘m{nOwH$, nmnmpËg Am{U Am‘À¶m ~amo~a amhmUmar ˶m§Mr gmdÌ ~hrU ñ¶mOm Ambm§{VH$ Jobo hmoVo. ñ¶mOm Zoh‘rM nwê$fm§~amo~a {eH$marbm Om¶Mr, AJXr Oar Vo ‘moR>çm ‘mohr‘oda OmV Agbo Var! H$nS>çm§gmR>r Ho$gmi H$mVS>r {‘idU§ Am{U (‘J {hdmù¶mV Hw$Ͷm§À¶m KgaJmS>rVyZ {VW§ OmD$Z ‘mg AmUʶmgmR>r) ‘mgm§Mo gmR>o OmJmoOmJ V¶ma H$aU§ ho ˶m ‘mo{h‘o|‘mJrb CÔoe AgV.

˶m dfuMr {eH$marMr ‘mohr‘ IynM ¶eñdr Pmbr Am{U ˶mZ§Va" nwT>Mm {hdmim Ambm H$s Vy Am‘À¶m~amo~a {eH$marbm ¶oD$ eH$erb ' Ag§ ~m~m ‘bm åhUmbo H$maU ˶m§Zr AmUbobr H$mVS>r ‘bm C~Xma H$nS>o ~Zdm¶bm Cn¶moJr nS>Uma hmoVr. Vo eãX EoHy$Z ‘r IynM CËgm{hV Pmbmo hmoVmo. ‘r H$YrM Vmo àg§J {dgaUma Zmhr. {hdmù¶mMr dmQ> nmhVmZm ‘bm AJXrM H$gZ§wg§ hmoV hmoV§. nU Am‘À¶m Vimda EH$ ‘hmg§H$Q> H$mogiUma Amho ømMr Amåhm Hw$Umbmhr H$mS>r‘mÌ H$ënZm ZìhVr.

eaX F$VyV ~m~m Am{U ‘m{H$OwH$ ‘ܶ‘ AmH$mamÀ¶m {eS>mÀ¶m ZmdoVyZ {eH$marbm Jobo. ˶m Zmdobm B§{OZ ZìhV§. 19 Am°³Q>mo~a 1927bm Vo XmoKohr g‘wÐmV ‘aU nmdbo. ‘bm Vmo àñm§J AJXr ñnï> AmR>dVmo¶. {d{Z‘¶ H|$ÐmdaMm Jmoam ‘mUyg Ooìhm Am‘À¶m VimÀ¶m AmgnmgMo ’$mgo Vnmgm¶bm Om¶Mm Voìhm ‘r ˶mÀ¶m~amo~a Zoh‘rM Om¶Mmo. OmVmZm ‘r {dZmgm¶mg ˶mÀ¶m ‘mJmo‘mJ Om¶Mmo, nU naVVmZm, Vmo ‘bm gmYmaUnUo ˶mÀ¶m nmR>rda KoD$Z Om¶Mm. ˶mM§ Zmd {d붑 ‘°H|$Pr nrQ>a Ag§ hmoV§. ˶mMr ‘wbJr {dZr VwwbwJmH$ hr Vm‘wgr VwbwJmH$Mr ~m¶H$mo. Vr nw{d{Z©VwH$bm amhmVo.

~m~m§À¶m ‘¥Ë¶yZ§Va, ‘m{H$OwH$ Am{U Am‘À¶m Kam§da XþX©¡d H$mogib§.

‘mPr AmB©, ‘mbmgr H±$Jm{bH$, {hZ§ Xþga§ b¾ Ho$b§ Zmhr Am{U {Vbm ‘m¶mZ§Va BVa ‘wb§ Pmbr ZmhrV. ˶mdoir ‘m¶m KamV nwT>rb gXñ¶ hmoVo: AmB©, ‘mPr ~hrU bwB©Om, ‘mPm ^mD$ V¡{d˶m{nH$, ‘m¶m AmB©Z§ nXamV KoVbobm ‘wbJm, ÁdmZr Am§Jw{VJwbwH$ Am{U ñ¶mOm Ambm{ZH$. Amåhr H$m§{Jgw©dm©H$bmM amhm¶Mmo. ho gma§ 1927 ‘ܶo KS>b§. Vo df© H$mhr gwImM§ Job§ Zmhr.

~m~m§À¶m ‘¥Ë¶yÀ¶m doir ‘bm H$mhr IamoIaM Iyn emoH$ Pmbm hmoVm Ag§ Zmhr H$maU ‘r ˶mdoir IynM bhmZ hmoVmo Am{U àg§JmM§ Jm§^r¶© H$im¶bm Ag‘W© hmoVmo.