Estrategia regional agro-ambiental y de salud: un instrumento estratégica de la integración regional - Centroamérica, 2009-2024

“Un instrumento Estratégico de la Integración Regional”

Centroamérica, 20092024

-ESTRATEGIA REGIONAL AGROAMBIENTAL Y DE SALUD

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Contenidos

5

Reconocimientos

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6

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7

Presentación

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La ERAS

constituye un

modelo para

el abordaje

transversal

de la gestión

socioeconómica y

ambiental.

8

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9

Prefacio

El ambiente

comprende el

conjunto de

valores naturales,

sociales y

culturales

existentes en

un lugar y en

un momento

determinado.

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10

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La ERAS se

plantea como

un sistema

articulado,

abierto, dinámico

y flexible que

actúa en un

ambiente

geográficamente

determinado:

Centroamérica.

11 Ambiente físico: (TIPLU[LIPVS}NPJV 7VISHJPVULZ`JVT\UPKHKLZ -SVYHM\LU[LKLHSPTLU[VZPUÅ\`LZVIYLSVZ ]LY[LIYHKVZ`HY[Y}WVKVZJVTVM\LU[LKLHNLU[LZ -H\UHM\LU[LKLHSPTLU[VZO\tZWLKLZ ]LY[LIYHKVZHY[Y}WVKVZ]LJ[VYLZ (N\H :\LSVZ ,JVZPZ[LTHZ Ambiente socioeconómico: :HS\KVJ\WHJPVUHS`SHIVYHSL_WVZPJP}U HHNLU[LZX\xTPJVZMxZPJVZ +LTVNYHMxH <YIHUPaHJP}UVLU[VYUV\YIHUV`KLZHYYVSSVLJVU}TPJV +LZHZ[YLZN\LYYHZPU\UKHJPVULZ 7VS\JP}UVJVU[HTPUHJP}U =LJ[VYLZLWPKLTPVS}NPJVZ

13

Antecedentes

La Declaración del

Milenio establece

como uno de

sus objetivos

“garantizar la

sostenibilidad

ambiental” y

hace hincapié en

la importancia

que tiene la

participación de

los ciudadanos en

las soluciones.

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14

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Existen

interrelaciones

complejas que

vinculan los

actores sociales

del agro con las

particularidades

ecosistémicas.

15

SVZ HSPTLU[VZ LZWLJxÄJHTLU[L H UP]LS SVJHS JVU JVT\UPKHKLZWYVK\J[P]HZ`ZHS\KHISLZ

3H*\TIYLKLSHZ(TtYPJHZ8\LILJZL|HS} SH PTWVY[HUJPH KL SH ZHUPKHK HNYVWLJ\HYPH ` KL SH PUVJ\PKHK KL SVZ HSPTLU[VZ JVTV MHJ[VYLZ JSH]L WHYH SH JVTWL[P[P]PKHK JVTLYJPHS KL SVZ WHxZLZ 7VZ[LYPVYTLU[L J\TWSPLUKV JVU LS THUKH[V KL SH *\TIYL ,_[YHVYKPUHYPH KL SHZ (TtYPJHZ YLHSPaHKH LU LULYV KL  LU 4VU[LYYL` ZL PUZ[Y\`} H SVZ 4PUPZ[YVZKL:HS\K`KL(TIPLU[LKLSHZ(TtYPJHZ HKLZHYYVSSHY\UHHNLUKHKLJVVWLYHJP}UJVULSÄU KLWYL]LUPY`TPUPTPaHYSVZPTWHJ[VZULNH[P]VZHSH ZHS\K`HSHTIPLU[L,Z[VM\LYL[VTHKVLUSH9L\UP}U KL4PUPZ[YVZKL:HS\K`(TIPLU[LKLSH6YNHUPaHJP}U KLSVZ,Z[HKVZ(TLYPJHUVZ4HYKLS7SH[HLUSH X\LZLPKLU[PÄJHYVUHLZJHSHYLNPVUHS`Z\IYLNPVUHS SHZ[YLZZPN\PLU[LZmYLHZWYPVYP[HYPHZKLJVVWLYHJP}U! NLZ[P}U PU[LNYHKH KL YLJ\YZVZ OxKYPJVZ ` YLZPK\VZ Z}SPKVZ" THULQV ZLN\YV KL Z\Z[HUJPHZ X\xTPJHZ" ` ZHS\KHTIPLU[HSKLUP|VZ`UP|HZ

,U LS LU[VYUV TmZ JLYJHUV SH 9L\UP}U KL 7YLZPKLU[LZ JVTV LS ÔYNHUV :\WYLTV KLS :PZ[LTH KL SH 0U[LNYHJP}U *LU[YVHTLYPJHUH ZL OH JVTWYVTL[PKVJVU\UKLZHYYVSSVLUHYTVUxHJVULS HTIPLU[L,U SVZTHUKH[HYPVZKLLZ[HYLNP}U KLJPKPLYVU JVUZ[P[\PY SH(SPHUaH WHYH LS +LZHYYVSSV :VZ[LUPISL (30+,:! \UH LZ[YH[LNPH PU[LNYHS X\L WYV`LJ[H\UJHTIPVKLLZX\LTHKLKLZHYYVSSV"KL HJ[P[\KLZ PUKP]PK\HSLZ ` JVSLJ[P]HZ" KL SHZ WVSx[PJHZ `HJJPVULZSVJHSLZUHJPVUHSLZ`YLNPVUHSLZOHJPHSH ZVZ[LUPIPSPKHKWVSx[PJHLJVU}TPJHZVJPHSJ\S[\YHS` HTIPLU[HS

+L THULYH TmZ LZWLJxÄJH LS PU[LYtZ WVY LS [LTH HTIPLU[HSOHWLYTHULJPKV]PNLU[LLUSHHNLUKHKL SVZ WYLZPKLU[LZ JLU[YVHTLYPJHUVZ ,U Z\ =PNtZPTH 9L\UP}U 6YKPUHYPH JLSLIYHKH LU VJ[\IYL KL   SVZ 7YLZPKLU[LZ *LU[YVHTLYPJHUVZ 9LW‚ISPJH +VTPUPJHUH`)LSPJLHKVW[HYVULS¸4HYJV,Z[YH[tNPJV

ALIDES es una

estrategia integral

que proyecta

un cambio

de esquema,

actitudes, políticas

y acciones hacia

la sostenibilidad

política,

económica,

social, cultural y

ambiental.

16

WHYHSH9LK\JJP}UKLSH=\SULYHIPSPKHK`SVZ+LZHZ[YLZ LU *LU[YVHTtYPJH¹ JVTV WHY[L KLS WYVJLZV KL [YHUZMVYTHJP}U`KLZHYYVSSVZVZ[LUPISLKLSHYLNP}U (ZPTPZTVLUSH??009L\UP}U6YKPUHYPHYLHSPaHKHLU KPJPLTIYLKLSHKVW[HYVULS¸4HYJV,Z[YH[tNPJV WHYHLUMYLU[HYSHZP[\HJP}UKLPUZLN\YPKHKHSPTLU[HYPH ` U\[YPJPVUHS HZVJPHKH H SHZ JVUKPJPVULZ KL ZLX\xH ` JHTIPV JSPTm[PJV¹ LS J\HS PUJS\`L \U 7SHU KL (JJP}U (NYVWLJ\HYPV WHYH OHJLY MYLU[L H *HTIPVZ *SPTm[PJVZ

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,_PZ[LUYLSL]HU[LZH]HUJLZZPULTIHYNVLZULJLZHYPV YLMVYaHY ` WYVM\UKPaHY SH NLZ[P}U HTIPLU[HS JVU \U HIVYKHQL KL JHYmJ[LY [YHUZ]LYZHS (KLTmZ KL SH ]VS\U[HK WVSx[PJH OH` \UH JYLJPLU[L ZLUZPIPSPaHJP}U KLSHWVISHJP}UZVIYLSHJVU]LUPLUJPH`ILULÄJPVZKL YLHSPaHYSHNLZ[P}UHTIPLU[HS3HI‚ZX\LKHKLVWJPVULZ KLWYVK\JJP}UHNYxJVSHX\LTPUPTPJLULMLJ[VZHK]LYZVZ `WV[LUJPLUSVZILULÄJPVZKLLZ[HHJ[P]PKHKZVIYLLS HTIPLU[L`SHZHS\KYLZ\S[HUZLY\UH[HYLHPUJVUJS\ZH WVYSVX\LLZWHY[LPU[LNYHSKLLZ[H,Z[YH[LNPH ,SKLQ\SPVKLSLU[Y}LU]PNLUJPHSH7VSx[PJH KL 0U[LNYHJP}U KL SH 7LZJH ` SH (J\PJ\S[\YH KLS 0Z[TV *LU[YVHTLYPJHUV X\L KLÄUL LS Y\TIV H

Es necesaria

la búsqueda

de opciones

de producción

agrícola que

minimicen

efectos adversos

y potencien los

beneficios sobre

el ambiente y la

salud.

17

ZLN\PYLULSWLYxVKV:\VIQL[P]VJLU[YHS LZ ¸LZ[HISLJLY \U ZPZ[LTH YLNPVUHS JVT‚U WHYH H\TLU[HY SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U  PU[LNYHKH KL SVZ WHxZLZ KLS 0Z[TV *LU[YVHTLYPJHUV ` HZx JVU[YPI\PY HS \ZV HKLJ\HKV`ZVZ[LUPISLKLSVZYLJ\YZVZKLSHWLZJH `SVZWYVK\J[VZKLSHHJ\PJ\S[\YH¹,Z[HWVSx[PJHM\L YLZWHSKHLUSH??=009L\UP}U6YKPUHYPHKL1LMLZKL ,Z[HKV`KL.VIPLYUVKLSVZ7HxZLZKLS:PZ[LTHKL SH0U[LNYHJP}U*LU[YVHTLYPJHUH:0*(JLSLIYHKHLU 3L}U5PJHYHN\HLSKLKPJPLTIYLKL ,S*VUZLQV(NYVWLJ\HYPV*LU[YVHTLYPJHUVHWYVI}SH ¸7VSx[PJH(NYxJVSH*LU[YVHTLYPJHUH!<UH HNYPJ\S[\YHJVTWL[P[P]HLPU[LNYHKHWHYH\UT\UKV NSVIHS¹LUVJ[\IYLKL-\LHJVNPKHWVYSH???0 9L\UP}U6YKPUHYPHKL1LMLZKL,Z[HKV`KL.VIPLYUV KLSVZWHxZLZKLS:0*(,Z[H7VSx[PJHPUJS\`LSHNLZ[P}U HTIPLU[HSJVTVLQL[YHUZ]LYZHS`YLJVUVJLHSH,9(: JVTVLSPUZ[Y\TLU[VWHYHWVULYSHLUWYmJ[PJH+LLZ[H THULYHZLNHYHU[PaHSHJVOLYLUJPHLU[YLLZ[VZKVZ PTWVY[HU[LZPUZ[Y\TLU[VZKLWSHULHJP}ULZ[YH[tNPJH LULSTHYJVKLSHPU[LNYHJP}UJLU[YVHTLYPJHUH ,U LS mTIP[V KL SHZ YLSHJPVULZ PU[LYZLJ[VYPHSLZ ZL J\LU[HJVU\UTHYJVSLNHS`\UOPZ[VYPHSKLLUJ\LU[YVZ PU[LYTPUPZ[LYPHSLZ,S7YV[VJVSVKL;LN\JPNHSWHHSH*HY[H

El Consejo

Agropecuario

Centroamericano

aprobó la

“Política Agrícola

Centroamericana

2008-2017:

Una agricultura

competitiva e

integrada para un

mundo global” en

octubre de 2007.

18

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,Z PTWVY[HU[L [LULY LU J\LU[H X\L *LU[YVHTtYPJH UVWHY[LKLJLYVLULSWYVJLZVKLMVYT\SHJP}UKL SH ,9(: +\YHU[L SH 9L\UP}U ,ZWLJPHS KLS :LJ[VY :HS\K KL *LU[YVHTtYPJH ` 9LW‚ISPJH +VTPUPJHUH 9,::*(+ SVZ 4PUPZ[YVZ KL :HS\K ` (TIPLU[L HWYVIHYVU LS 7SHU *LU[YVHTLYPJHUV KL :HS\K ` (TIPLU[L LU LS +LZHYYVSSV /\THUV :VZ[LUPISL 7(*(:(+/: 7VY V[YH WHY[L SH YLNP}U J\LU[H JVU PUZ[Y\TLU[VZ LZWLJxÄJVZ KL HSJHUJL YLNPVUHS X\L ZL LUJ\LU[YHU LU WYVJLZV KL MVYT\SHJP}U YL]PZP}UVLUMHZLKLPTWSLTLU[HJP}ULU[YLLSSVZ! SH ,Z[YH[LNPH -VYLZ[HS *LU[YVHTLYPJHUH ,-*(" LS 7YVNYHTH ,Z[YH[tNPJV 9LNPVUHS WHYH LS 4HULQV KL SVZ ,JVZPZ[LTHZ -VYLZ[HSLZ 7,9-69" SH ,Z[YH[LNPH KL 4HULQV KLS -\LNV" SH ,Z[YH[LNPH 9LNPVUHS WHYH SH :HUPKHK ` 4HULQV -VYLZ[HS" SH ,Z[YH[LNPH 9LNPVUHS WHYH SH *VUZLY]HJP}U ` <ZV :VZ[LUPISL KL SH )PVKP]LYZPKHK" SH ,Z[YH[LNPH *LU[YVHTLYPJHUH WHYHSH.LZ[P}U0U[LNYHKHKLSVZ9LJ\YZVZ/xKYPJVZ ,*(.09/" SHZ IHZLZ KL SH ,Z[YH[LNPH 9LNPVUHS KL *HTIPV *SPTm[PJV ` LS 4HYJV 9LN\SH[VYPV ;PWV ZVIYL 6YNHUPZTVZ =P]VZ 4VKPÄJHKVZ WHYH \ZV (NYVWLJ\HYPV

(ZPTPZTV KP]LYZHZ PUPJPH[P]HZ PTW\SZHKHZ LU SH YLNP}U KLT\LZ[YHU LS [YHIHQV PU[LYZLJ[VYPHS LU SH LZJHSHUHJPVUHSVSVJHSPUJS\`LUKVSHKLT\UPJPWPVZ WVY LS KLZHYYVSSV! T\UPJPWPVZ WYVK\J[P]VZ ]LYKLZ WYVTV[VYLZKLHN\H`ZHULHTPLU[VHTIPLU[HS`KLSH ZLN\YPKHKHSPTLU[HYPH`U\[YPJPVUHS<ULQLTWSVKL LSSVLZ*VZ[H9PJHX\L]PLULPTWSLTLU[HUKVKLZKLLS

Costa Rica viene

implementando

desde el 2003

la estrategia

agroambiental

“Conservar

produciendo

y producir

conservando”,

entre el Sector

Agropecuario y el

MINAE.

19

HSHMLJOHSHLZ[YH[LNPHHNYVHTIPLU[HSJVUQ\U[H ¸*VUZLY]HY WYVK\JPLUKV ` WYVK\JPY JVUZLY]HUKV¹ LU[YLLS:LJ[VY(NYVWLJ\HYPV`LS405(,,Z[LWYVJLZV JVUZ[P[\`L\UHL_WLYPLUJPHJVUJYL[HKLHY[PJ\SHJP}ULU NLZ[P}UHNYVHTIPLU[HSPU[LYZLJ[VYPHSX\LOHJVU[HKV JVULSHWV`VÄUHUJPLYVKL9<;(*VYYLKVY)PVS}NPJV *LU[YVHTLYPJHUV-(6`LSHWV`V[tJUPJV`VWLYH[P]V KL:,7:(405(,4(.`*(;0,LU[YLV[YVZ

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La Estrategia se

propone contribuir

a la reducción de

la pobreza, en

beneficio de la

calidad de vida de

la población.

20

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La estrategia

debe promover

procesos

productivos

que aporten a

la seguridad

alimentaria y a

la sostenibilidad

ambiental, social

y económica.

21

Reseña de la región y justificación de

la estrategia

La Estrategia

posee un enfoque

intersectorial y

de sinergia entre

Agricultura, Salud

y Ambiente.

,S WSHU[LHTPLU[V KL \UH ,Z[YH[LNPH 9LNPVUHS (NYVHTIPLU[HS`KL:HS\K,9(:ZLM\UKHTLU[HLU[YLZ HZWLJ[VZ JSH]L! LU \UH ]PZP}U KL KLZHYYVSSV O\THUV ZVZ[LUPISL"LUSHZJHWHJPKHKLZVMLY[HZ`YLZ[YPJJPVULZ KLS [LYYP[VYPV ` Z\ NLU[L" ` HKLTmZ WVY \U LUMVX\L PU[LYZLJ[VYPHS`KLZPULYNPHLU[YL(NYPJ\S[\YH:HS\K` (TIPLU[L,Z[VZZLJ[VYLZLULSTHYJVKLLZ[H,Z[YH[LNPH ZL WSHU[LHU \U WYVJLZV HYTVUPaHKV WHY[PJPWH[P]V ` KPUmTPJVLSJ\HSZLWVKYmJVVYKPUHYJVUV[YVZZLJ[VYLZ `HJ[VYLZW‚ISPJVZ`WYP]HKVZKLSHYLNP}U

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22

Calidad de vida

Desarrollo humano sostenible

Dimensión Territorial _{Dimensión Económica} Dimensión Social

Reseña de la región centroamericana

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Centroamérica es

un puente entre

océanos y un

embudo para el

flujo de especies

entre América

del Norte y

Suramérica.

23

RT KL HYYLJPMLZ JVYHSPUVZ ` \UVZ  RT_{ KL}

WSH[HMVYTHJVU[PULU[HS

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/\TLKHSLZKL0TWVY[HUJPH0U[LYUHJPVUHSmYLHZ KLWH[YPTVUPVT\UKPHS` YLZLY]HZKLSHIPVZMLYH_

,S :PZ[LTH *LU[YVHTLYPJHUV KL ÍYLHZ 7YV[LNPKHZ J\LU[HJVU\U[V[HSKLmYLHZWYV[LNPKHZX\LJ\ IYLUTPSSVULZKLOLJ[mYLHZ_

3HZ WSHUPJPLZ HS\]PHSLZ KL SH ]LY[PLU[L *HYPIL OHU ZPKVLSLZJLUHYPVWHYHLSKLZHYYVSSVKLPTWVY[HU[LZ LJVZPZ[LTHZKLIVZX\LSH[PMVSPHKVO‚TLKV[YVWPJHS `ZHIHUHZKLWPUVZ3H]LY[PLU[LKLS7HJxÄJVOHZPKV TVKLSHKHWVYSHZJVUZ[HU[LZLY\WJPVULZ]VSJmUPJHZ SVX\LOHWLYTP[PKVSHMVYTHJP}UKLYPJVZZ\LSVZLU SHZ JVY[HZ WLYV MtY[PSLZ SSHU\YHZ JVZ[LYHZ X\L OHU ]LUPKV ZPLUKV \[PSPaHKHZ LU HJ[P]PKHKLZ HNYxJVSHZ WHYHSHL_WVY[HJP}U`LSJVUZ\TVImZPJV

:PULTIHYNVSVZWHxZLZKLSHYLNP}UJLU[YVHTLYPJHUH [PLULUX\LLUMYLU[HY\UHZLYPLKLYL[VZ`WYVISLTHZ X\L OHU ZPKV WYVK\JPKVZ [HU[V WVY SH PUHKLJ\HKH PU[LY]LUJP}U HU[YVWVNtUPJH_{ JVTV WVY L]LU[VZ}

UH[\YHSLZL_[YLTVZ,S\ZVPUHKLJ\HKVKLSH[PLYYH PUZVZ[LUPISLZWH[YVULZKLWYVK\JJP}UKLMVYLZ[HJP}U WYVJLZVZ LYVZP]VZ SH HNYPJ\S[\YH TPNYH[VYPH ` LS \ZV L_JLZP]V KL HNYVX\xTPJVZ ÄN\YHU LU[YL LZ[VZMLU}TLUVZ(LSSVZLZ\THSHVJ\YYLUJPHKL HS[LYHJPVULZJSPTm[PJHZ`L]LU[VZUH[\YHSLZL_[YLTVZ TmZPU[LUZVZ`YLJ\YYLU[LZX\LOHUWYV]VJHKVHZ\ ]La\UHTH`VY]\SULYHIPSPKHKLJVS}NPJHLJVU}TPJH `ZVJPHS

3H L]VS\JP}U KL SHZ LJVUVTxHZ JLU[YVHTLYPJHUHZ OH ZPKV WVZP[P]H LU SVZ ‚S[PTVZ H|VZ H\UX\L SHZ WLYZWLJ[P]HZ WHYH LS  ZVU TLUVZ OHSHN…L|HZ ,S WYVK\J[V PU[LYUV IY\[V JYLJP} LU WYVTLKPV \U `LU`YLZWLJ[P]HTLU[LLU [HU[VWHYHLSZL]PZS\TIYH\UHKLZHJLSLYHJP}U

Los países de

la región tienen

que enfrentar

retos y problemas

producidos por el

uso inadecuado

de la tierra,

insostenibles

patrones de

producción,

deforestación,

procesos erosivos,

la agricultura

migratoria y el

uso excesivo de

agroquímicos.

24 LULSYP[TVKLL_WHUZP}UKLSHHJ[P]PKHKLJVU}TPJH LU\UJVU[L_[VKLWYLZPVULZPUÅHJPVUHYPHZJVU\UH [HZHTLKPHKLJYLJPTPLU[VWYV`LJ[HKHKLS+L HJ\LYKVJVU*,7(3LSI\LUKLZLTWL|VYLNPZ[YHKV LUSVZ‚S[PTVZH|VZYLWYLZLU[HSHJVU[PU\HJP}UKLS JPJSV L_WHUZP]V PUPJPHKV LU  JHYHJ[LYPaHKV WVY \UH TLQVYxH LU SH TH`VYxH KL SVZ PUKPJHKVYLZ LJVU}TPJVZ ` ZVJPHSLZ :PU LTIHYNV WHYH  ZL WYL]t \UH KLZHJLSLYHJP}U ZPNUPÄJH[P]H KLS JYLJPTPLU[V ` \U KL[LYPVYV KL SHZ JVUKPJPVULZ LJVU}TPJHZ JVU WVZPISLZ PTWSPJHJPVULZ ZVIYL SH ZLN\YPKHK HSPTLU[HYPH ` U\[YPJPVUHS" LU[YL V[YHZ YHaVULZKLIPKVHX\LSHLJVUVTxHLZ[HKV\UPKLUZL [LUKYm\UKLZLTWL|VWVYKLIHQVKLZ\WV[LUJPHS` SVZWYLJPVZKLSWL[Y}SLVKLSVZHSPTLU[VZ`KLV[YHZ TH[LYPHZWYPTHZWLYTHULJLYmUHS[VZ_

,U [tYTPUVZ LJVU}TPJVZ SVZ WHxZLZ KL SH YLNP}U OHU IHZHKV Z\ KLZHYYVSSV LU SVZ WYVK\J[VZ KLYP]HKVZ KLS HNYV X\L ZL OH JVTWVY[HKV JVTV \UV KL SVZ WYPUJPWHSLZ TV[VYLZ KL SHZ LJVUVTxHZ JLU[YVHTLYPJHUHZ 3H WYVK\JJP}U HNYxJVSH LZ \U PTWVY[HU[LNLULYHKVYKLLTWSLVWHYHSHWVISHJP}U \YIHUH`Y\YHS(KLTmZLZ\UHM\LU[LZPNUPÄJH[P]H KL KP]PZHZ W\LZ[V X\L HWYV_PTHKHTLU[L SH TP[HK KLS]HSVY[V[HSKLSHZL_WVY[HJPVULZKLSHYLNP}UZL VYPNPUHLUSHHNYPJ\S[\YH

3H PTWVY[HUJPH KLS ZLJ[VY HNYxJVSH [HTIPtU ZL THUPÄLZ[H LU Z\ JVU[YPI\JP}U HS JVTLYJPV PU[YH ` L_[YHYLNPVUHS +LZKL   LS JVTLYJPV PU[YH YLNPVUHS ZL OH PUJYLTLU[HKV ZPNUPÄJH[P]HTLU[L JVU\UHWHY[PJPWHJP}UKLZ[HJHKHKLSZLJ[VYHNYxJVSH 3HZ L_WVY[HJPVULZ PU[YHYLNPVUHSLZ WHZHYVU KL <: TPSSVULZ LU   H <:  TPSSVULZ LU LS H|V  ,U SV X\L YLZWLJ[H HS JVTLYJPV L_[YHYLNPVUHSLSZLJ[VYHNYxJVSHQ\LNH\UYVST\` PTWVY[HU[L `H X\L LU LS  SHZ L_WVY[HJPVULZ KLSZLJ[VYYLWYLZLU[HYVU\UKLS[V[HSKLSHZ L_WVY[HJPVULZKLSHYLNP}U

Los países de

la región han

basado su

desarrollo en

los productos

derivados del

agro.

25 ,UH|VZYLJPLU[LZSHJVU[YPI\JP}UKPYLJ[HKLSZLJ[VY HNYxJVSHHS70)YLWYLZLU[HJLYJHKLSLU.\H[LTHSH `5PJHYHN\H"LU[YLLS`LSLU/VUK\YHZ ,S:HS]HKVY`)LSPJL"`TLUVZKLSKLS70)LU *VZ[H 9PJH ` 7HUHTm 7LZL H X\L LZ[L WVYJLU[HQL OH PKV YLK\JPtUKVZL WH\SH[PUHTLU[L KLZKL   SVZ LZSHIVUHTPLU[VZ KL SH HNYPJ\S[\YH OHJPH H[YmZ `OHJPHKLSHU[LJVUV[YVZZLJ[VYLZKLSHLJVUVTxH ZVUHTWSPVZ(SJVUZPKLYHYSVZLUJHKLUHTPLU[VZKLS ZLJ[VYHNYxJVSHZ\WHY[PJPWHJP}ULULS70)LZT\JOV TmZ ZPNUPÄJH[P]H 7VY LQLTWSV LU .\H[LTHSH /VUK\YHZ`5PJHYHN\HLSHWVY[LLZ[PTHKVKLS:(( HS70)LULSH|VZ\WLY}LS_

3VZWHxZLZJLU[YVHTLYPJHUVZJ\LU[HUJVURT KL SP[VYHS LU LS 6JtHUV 7HJxÄJV ` LS 4HY *HYPIL JVU \UH AVUH ,JVU}TPJH ,_JS\ZP]H A,, KL KVZJPLU[HZ TPSSHZ Um\[PJHZ ,U LSSH ZL KLZHYYVSSHU HJ[P]PKHKLZWLZX\LYHZWVYWHY[LKLSHÅV[HPUK\Z[YPHS `HY[LZHUHSNLULYHUKVM\LU[LZKLLTWSLVZLN\YPKHK HSPTLU[HYPH`KLZHYYVSSVLJVU}TPJV,UZ\[LYYP[VYPV JVU[PULU[HS *LU[YVHTtYPJH WVZLL HSYLKLKVY KL  TPS RPS}TL[YVZ J\HKYHKVZ KPZ[YPI\PKVZ LU[YL SHNVZ SHN\UHZSHN\UHZJVZ[LYHZ`LTIHSZLZKVUKL[HTIPtU

La contribución

directa del sector

agrícola al PIB

representa entre

el 20% y el 10%

en los diferentes

países de

Centroamérica.

26

L_PZ[LU YLJ\YZVZ OPKYVIPVS}NPJVZ X\L WYVWPJPHU SHZ HJ[P]PKHKLZWLZX\LYHZ`HJ\xJVSHZ,Z[VZYLJ\YZVZZVU HWYV]LJOHKVZWYPUJPWHSTLU[LWVYSHZJVT\UPKHKLZ Y\YHSLZ TmZ ]\SULYHISLZ X\L SVNYHU HZx [LULY \UH TH`VY L_WHUZP}U TLKPHU[L Z\ \ZV ZVZ[LUPISL 3H HJ[P]PKHK WLZX\LYH NLULYH \UH WYVK\JJP}U HU\HS JLYJHUH H SVZ <: TPSSVULZ X\L KH LTWSLV KPYLJ[VHTmZKLWLYZVUHZ

7LZL H SH YPX\LaH LU JVUKPJPVULZ HTIPLU[HSLZ ` YLJ\YZVZUH[\YHSLZSHZP[\HJP}UKLX\PLULZ]P]LULU LZ[VZWHxZLZKPZ[HKLZLYWY}ZWLYHLZ[HISLVZLN\YH ,S WV[LUJPHS UH[\YHS KL SH YLNP}U ZL LUJ\LU[YH HTLUHaHKV WVY LS OLJOV KL X\L *LU[YVHTtYPJH ZL \IPJH LU \UH aVUH KL PULZ[HIPSPKHK NLVS}NPJH LU SH WHY[L JVU[PULU[HS ` KLS JVYYLKVY JPJS}UPJV LU SH WHY[L *HYPIL ,Z[HZ JVUKPJPVULZ WYVWPJPHU SH VJ\YYLUJPH KL L]LU[VZ L_[YLTVZ X\L PTWHJ[HU SH YLNP}U H\TLU[HUKV SH ]\SULYHIPSPKHK ZVJPHS ` LJVS}NPJHKLS[LYYP[VYPV

,S ZLJ[VY HNYVWLJ\HYPV JLU[YVHTLYPJHUV LU Z\ ZLU[PKV HTWSPV JVUJLU[YH SH TH`VY WHY[L KL SHZ WtYKPKHZ VJHZPVUHKHZ WVY L]LU[VZ JSPTm[PJVZ L_[YLTVZ,SZLJ[VYHNYVWLJ\HYPVJVUJLU[Y}LS  KLS [V[HS KL WtYKPKHZ LJVU}TPJHZ VYPNPUHKHZ WVY LSWHZVKLSO\YHJmU4P[JOLU[HU[VLUSVZL]LU[VZ ZLJVZ SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U KLS ZLJ[VY LU SHZ WtYKPKHZ YVUKHLS7VYV[YHWHY[LLS\ZVPUHKLJ\HKVKL HNYVX\xTPJVZWYVK\JLLMLJ[VZJVU[HTPUHU[LZLULS HTIPLU[L Z\LSVZ ` HN\HZ JVU YLWLYJ\ZPVULZ WHYH SVZJVZ[VZKLWYVK\JJP}U`SHZHS\KO\THUH

,Z[VZMHJ[VYLZHK]LYZVZOHUWYV]VJHKV\UH\TLU[V LUSHZLUMLYTLKHKLZaVVU}[PJHZ+LOLJOVLUSVZ ‚S[PTVZH|VZKLSHZU\L]HZLUMLYTLKHKLZ X\L HMLJ[HU H SH WVISHJP}U O\THUH OHU ZPKV JH\ZHKHZWVYHNLU[LZWH[}NLUVZX\LZLVYPNPUHULU SVZHUPTHSLZVLUSVZWYVK\J[VZKLVYPNLUHUPTHS JVUYLWLYJ\ZPVULZWHYHLSJVTLYJPVPU[YHYLNPVUHSL PU[LYUHJPVUHS

Pese a la riqueza

en condiciones

ambientales y

recursos naturales,

la situación dista

de ser próspera,

estable o segura.

27

,UTH[LYPHKL:LN\YPKHK(SPTLU[HYPH`5\[YPJPVUHS :(5 *LU[YVHTtYPJH ZPN\L ZPLUKV \UH YLNP}U JVU NYHUKLZ NY\WVZ KL WVISHJP}U HMLJ[HKVZ WVY SH Z\IHSPTLU[HJP}U ` SH KLZU\[YPJP}U JY}UPJH *HU[PKHKLZ JVUZPKLYHISLZ KL WLYZVUHZ ZVIYL]P]LU LU JVUKPJPVULZ KL L_[YLTH WVIYLaH ` OHTIYL ZPU YLJ\YZVZ Z\ÄJPLU[LZ WHYH HZLN\YHY KPHYPHTLU[L Z\Z ULJLZPKHKLZKLHSPTLU[HJP}U`U\[YPJP}U

,USHYLNP}ULSWVKLYHKX\PZP[P]VHSPTLU[HYPVKLSZHSHYPV TxUPTVHNYxJVSHZL\[PSPaHJVTVPUKPJHKVYPUKPYLJ[VKLS HJJLZV LJVU}TPJV H SVZ HSPTLU[VZ LZ[HISLJPLUKV Z\ YLSHJP}UJVULSJVZ[VKLSHJHUHZ[HImZPJHHSPTLU[HYPH +L HJ\LYKV JVU SVZ KH[VZ JVYYLZWVUKPLU[LZ HS  LU7HUHTmLSZHSHYPVTxUPTVHNYxJVSHHSJHUaHHJ\IYPY LSKLSJVZ[VKLSHJHUHZ[H,SWVKLYHKX\PZP[P]V HSPTLU[HYPV LU LS YLZ[V KL SVZ WHxZLZ ZL JVTWVY[} KL SH ZPN\PLU[L THULYH! *VZ[H 9PJH   .\H[LTHSH ,S:HS]HKVY/VUK\YHZ`5PJHYHN\H _

,S KLZHYYVSSV ZVJPVLJVU}TPJV KLZPN\HS OHJL X\L SH WVISHJP}U ZL [YHZSHKL H SHZ aVUHZ \YIHUHZ LU I\ZJH KL [YHIHQV ` \UH ]PKH TLQVY (J[\HSTLU[L SH WYVWVYJP}U \YIHUH KL SH WVISHJP}U LU *LU[YVHTtYPJHHSJHUaHLS3VZWYVJLZVZKL

Sigue siendo

una región con

grandes grupos

de población

afectados por la

subalimentación

y la desnutrición

crónica.

28

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:PU LTIHYNV SVZ WYVISLTHZ KLYP]HKVZ KL SH KLNYHKHJP}UKLSVZYLJ\YZVZUH[\YHSLZ`LSKL[LYPVYV KL SVZ LJVZPZ[LTHZ ZL WYLZLU[HU JVTV VIZ[mJ\SVZ WHYHSVZWYVJLZVZX\LI\ZJHU[LYYP[VYPVZZHS\KHISLZ `WYVK\J[P]VZ3HMYHNTLU[HJP}UKLSVZLJVZPZ[LTHZ SHWtYKPKHKLZ\ZJHWHJPKHKLZ`SHKPZTPU\JP}ULU SHVMLY[HKLIPLULZ`ZLY]PJPVZLU[YLV[YVZZVUWHY[L KLSVZWYVISLTHZHLUMYLU[HY *LU[YVHTtYPJHJVU[PU‚HKLMVYLZ[HUKVH\UYP[TVKL  OLJ[mYLHZ WVY OVYH ,Z[H JPMYH HSHYTHU[L UV OH JHTIPHKVLUSVZ‚S[PTVZKPLaH|VZ(LZ[LWHZVSH YLNP}UHWLUHZJ\LU[H`HJVU\UKLJVILY[\YH MVYLZ[HS ` ZL HJLYJH WLSPNYVZHTLU[L HS SxTP[L KL KLZ[Y\JJP}UKLSVZYLJ\YZVZUH[\YHSLZ 

*HIL ZL|HSHY X\L SH TLKPH YLMLYPKH UV YLÅLQH KPMLYLUJPHZ LU[YL WHxZLZ" WLZL H X\L ZL YLJVUVJLU LZM\LYaVZUHJPVUHSLZWHYHYL]LY[PYLZ[H[LUKLUJPH 3VZ NVIPLYUVZ JLU[YVHTLYPJHUVZ OHU YLHSPaHKV LZM\LYaVZWVYH\TLU[HYSHZmYLHZWYV[LNPKHZ"NLULYHY WVSx[PJHZ`LZ[YH[LNPHZWHYHMVTLU[HYSHJVUZLY]HJP}U ` SH YLMVYLZ[HJP}U" YLK\JPY SVZ JVU[HTPUHU[LZ ` WYVJ\YHY\UHHKLJ\HKHKPZWVZPJP}UKLSVZKLZLJOVZ LU[YLV[YHZPUPJPH[P]HZ5VVIZ[HU[LLUSHWYmJ[PJH LZ[VZJVTWYVTPZVZUVZVUZ\ÄJPLU[LZWHYHKL[LULY LSKL[LYPVYVUPSHJYLJPLU[LWVIYLaHWLVYH‚UZPLZ[V ZLHIVYKHKLTHULYHHPZSHKH`KLZHY[PJ\SHKH

3HZ KPMLYLUJPHZ LU[YL SVZ WHxZLZ JLU[YVHTLYPJHUVZ [HTIPtUZLYLÅLQHULUSHKPZWLYZP}UKLSVZxUKPJLZ KLKLZHYYVSSVO\THUV`LZWLYHUaHKL]PKHHSUHJLY :LN‚U KH[VZ KLS 75<+ PUJS\PKVZ LU LS J\HKYV ZPN\PLU[L *VZ[H 9PJH ` 7HUHTm [PLULU SVZ ]HSVYLZ KL xUKPJL KL KLZHYYVSSV O\THUV TmZ HS[VZ  ` YLZWLJ[P]HTLU[LLU[HU[VSVZ]HSVYLZTmZ IHQVZ JVYYLZWVUKLU H /VUK\YHZ ` 5PJHYHN\H 7VY

La degradación

de los recursos

naturales y el

deterioro de los

ecosistemas son

obstáculos para

el desarrollo

de territorios

saludables y

productivos.

29

V[YH WHY[L SH LZWLYHUaH KL ]PKH HS UHJLY Å\J[‚H LU[YL  `  KL .\H[LTHSH ` *VZ[H 9PJH YLZWLJ[P]HTLU[L

+LIPKVHZ\JSPTH[YVWPJHS`JmSPKVLSPZ[TVKPZWVUL KL \UH YPX\LaH OxKYPJH Z\WLYPVY H SH KL T\JOVZ WHxZLZ LU KLZHYYVSSV 3VZ UP]LSLZ KL WYLJPWP[HJP}U WYVTLKPV HU\HS ZVU YLSH[P]HTLU[L HS[VZ SSLNHUKV LUHSN\UHZWHY[LZOHZ[HSVZTT:PULTIHYNV LS YLJ\YZV OxKYPJV ZL KPZ[YPI\`L KLZPN\HSTLU[L LU [PLTWV ` LZWHJPV H SV SHYNV KL SH YLNP}U(KLTmZ ZL WYLZLU[HU MHJ[VYLZ JSPTH[VS}NPJVZ JHTIPVZ LU LS \ZV KLS Z\LSV ` WYmJ[PJHZ PUZVZ[LUPISLZ X\L OHU KPZTPU\PKV SH JHWHJPKHK KL \U \ZV ZVZ[LUPISL KLS HN\H 7VY ‚S[PTV SVZ WH[YVULZ KL VJ\WHJP}U KL [LYYP[VYPV UV JVPUJPKLU JVU SVZ KL KPZWVUPIPSPKHK JHSPKHKJHU[PKHKJVU[PU\PKHKJVILY[\YHL[JKLS YLJ\YZVOxKYPJV

Rango IDH de Centroamérica: Índice de Desarrollo Humano y Esperanza de Vida al nacer. 200610_. Países _{Desarrollo Humano (IDH))}Valor del Índice de Esperanza de vida _{al nacer (años)}

)LSPJL   *VZ[H9PJH   ,S:HS]HKVY   .\H[LTHSH   /VUK\YHZ   5PJHYHN\H    7HUHTm  

:LN‚U 75<+_{ SH YLNP}U J\LU[H JVU  J\LUJHZ}

PU[LYUHJPVUHSLZ V JVTWHY[PKHZ LU SHZ J\HSLZ ZL JVUJLU[YH \U  KLS [LYYP[VYPV JLU[YVHTLYPJHUV ,Z[V LZ!    RT_{ KL IVZX\LZ O\TLKHSLZ}

HJ\xMLYVZTHUNSHYLZ`[LYYP[VYPVZPUKxNLUHZ+LU[YV

Las diferencias

entre los países

centroamericanos

también se

reflejan en

la dispersión

de los índices

de desarrollo

humano y

esperanza de vida

al nacer.

30

KLJHKHWHxZSHZJ\LUJHZJVTWHY[PKHZYLWYLZLU[HU LSKLSHZ\WLYÄJPLKL.\H[LTHSHLS LU,S :HS]HKVYLSLU/VUK\YHZLSLU5PJHYHN\H LSLU*VZ[H9PJH`LSLU7HUHTm_

,U NLULYHS SHZ WHY[LZ HS[HZ KL SHZ J\LUJHZ OPKYVNYmÄJHZ LZ[mU MVYTHKHZ WVY HJ\xMLYVZ ]VSJmUPJVZ SHN\UHZ JYH[tYPJHZ" SVZ J\HSLZ WVY Z\\IPJHJP}UNLVNYmÄJH`L_[LUZP}UYLWYLZLU[HU SH WYPUJPWHS M\LU[L KL HN\H WV[HISL WHYH YPLNV ` HN\H Z\I[LYYmULH KL SH YLNP}U ,Z[VZ HJ\xMLYVZ ZVU[HTIPtUSVZTmZ]\SULYHISLZ`Z\\IPJHJP}U JVPUJPKL JVU SHZ aVUHZ TmZ KLUZHTLU[L WVISHKHZ SV X\L PUJYLTLU[H LS YPLZNV KL JVU[HTPUHJP}UWVYLSJYLJPTPLU[V\YIHUVLUZ\Z mYLHZ KL YLJHYNH :L JHSJ\SH X\L LZ[VZ HJ\xMLYVZ ]VSJmUPJVZHIHZ[LJLUKLHN\HWV[HISLHSKL SH WVISHJP}U JLU[YVHTLYPJHUH LU WHY[PJ\SHY SHZ mYLHZ TL[YVWVSP[HUHZ KL *P\KHK KL .\H[LTHSH ;LN\JPNHSWH:HU:HS]HKVY4HUHN\H`:HU1VZt_

,U SH YLNP}U LS HIHZ[LJPTPLU[V WHYH LS JVUZ\TV KL HN\H WV[HISL LX\P]HSL H JLYJH KLS  KLS [V[HS KL L_[YHJJPVULZ_{ 7HYH \ZV KVTtZ[PJV LZ YLSH[P]HTLU[L}

YLK\JPKVLU[HU[VLSYPLNVYLWYLZLU[H\U:LN‚U SH6YNHUPaHJP}U4\UKPHSKLSH:HS\K`LS-VUKVKLSHZ 5HJPVULZ<UPKHZ WHYHSH0UMHUJPHUV [PLULUHJJLZV H HN\H WV[HISL LU *LU[YVHTtYPJH HWYV_PTHKHTLU[L  TPSSVULZ KL OHIP[HU[LZ `  TPSSVULZ JHYLJLU KL ZHULHTPLU[V ImZPJV TLQVYHKV WYPUJPWHSTLU[L WLYZVUHZ WVIYLZ LU SHZ mYLHZ Y\YHSLZ_{ 3HZ HN\HZ}

ZLY]PKHZ ZL KLZJHYNHU LU J\LYWVZ YLJLW[VYLZ ZPU [YH[HTPLU[V`JH\ZHUWYVISLTHZKLJVU[HTPUHJP}U =PZ[VHZxSH,Z[YH[LNPH9LNPVUHS(NYVHTIPLU[HS`KL :HS\KKLILYmVJ\WHYZLKL[YLZHZWLJ[VZJVPUJPKLU[LZ JVUSVZZLJ[VYLZPU]VS\JYHKVZ[HSJVTVZLT\LZ[YH LUSHNYmÄJHZPN\PLU[L`X\LWLYZPN\LU! ‹3HJVOLZP}UZVJPHS`\UHJ\S[\YHZHS\KHISLIHZHKH LUWYPUJPWPVZKLLX\PKHKLPUJS\ZP}U

Debido a su clima

tropical y cálido, el

Istmo dispone de

una riqueza hídrica

superior a la de

muchos países en

desarrollo.

31

La Estrategia

deberá ubicar

a la región en

una posición

ventajosa, en el

contexto global,

y permitir a la

sociedad y a

sus organismos

públicos y

privados alcanzar

la ansiada

meta de un

desarrollo humano

sostenible.

‹<UH LJVUVTxH WHYH LS KLZHYYVSSV O\THUV ZVZ[LUPISLX\LHWYV]LJOLSHZVMLY[HZWYVK\J[P]HZ KLS[LYYP[VYPV

‹,S\ZVYLZWVUZHISLKLSVZYLJ\YZVZUH[\YHSLZ`SH JVUZLY]HJP}UKLSHTIPLU[LWHYH\U\ZVZVZ[LUPISL KLSVZTPZTVZHSHYNVWSHaV

Variabilidad Climática

Cambio Climático y

de Tier ras M a nejo Sos teni ble Bio div ers id ad de V ida Sa lud able s Esp acio s y Estil os A_m bie nta le_s N eg oc_io s Territorio ,ZWLJPHSTLU[LSH,Z[YH[LNPH9LNPVUHS(NYVHTIPLU[HS `KL:HS\KKLILYm\IPJHYHSHYLNP}ULU\UHWVZPJP}U ]LU[HQVZH LU LS JVU[L_[V NSVIHS ` WLYTP[PY H SH ZVJPLKHK ` H Z\Z VYNHUPZTVZ W‚ISPJVZ ` WYP]HKVZ HSJHUaHYSHHUZPHKHTL[HKL\UKLZHYYVSSVO\THUV ZVZ[LUPISL ZVIYL SH IHZL KL! SH HYTVUPaHJP}U HSPULHTPLU[V ` ZPULYNPH LU[YL SHZ VMLY[HZ KL SVZ LJVZPZ[LTHZ ` SH IPVKP]LYZPKHK YLNPVUHS" LS \ZV ZVZ[LUPISL`HKLJ\HKVKLSH[PLYYH"SVZWYVJLZVZKL HKHW[HJP}U`TP[PNHJP}UKLSJHTIPV`SH]HYPHIPSPKHK JSPTm[PJH" \UH PU[LSPNLU[L NLZ[P}U KL ULNVJPVZ HTIPLU[HSTLU[LZHUVZ"`LZWHJPVZ`LZ[PSVZKL]PKH ZHS\KHISLZ

32

Justificación

3HZP[\HJP}UKLZJYP[HLUSHZLJJP}UHU[LYPVYT\LZ[YH \UH YLNP}U JLU[YVHTLYPJHUH KL JVU[YHZ[LZ ` ZPTPSP[\KLZ3HYPX\LaHUH[\YHS`J\S[\YHSKLSHYLNP}U JVUZ[P[\`LUMHJ[VYLZJSH]LYLSL]HU[LZWHYHLUMYLU[HY LSM\[\YV`SVNYHYLSKLZHYYVSSVO\THUVZVZ[LUPISL *LU[YVHTtYPJHT\LZ[YHH]HUJLZPTWVY[HU[LZLULZH KPYLJJP}U`LUMYLU[HNYHUKLZYL[VZ`VWVY[\UPKHKLZ ,ULZ[LJVU[L_[VSH,9(:LUJ\LU[YHT‚S[PWSLZMHJ[VYLZ X\L SH Q\Z[PÄJHU JVTV \UH [HYLH PTWVZ[LYNHISL (SN\UVZ KL LSSVZ ZL KLZ[HJHYmU H JVU[PU\HJP}U KL THULYHPS\Z[YH[P]H

:PIPLU*LU[YVHTtYPJH LZ \UH YLNP}U OL[LYVNtULH Z\Z WHxZLZ JVTWHY[LU YHZNVZ JVT\ULZ LU ]HYPVZ HZWLJ[VZ ` LU HSN\UVZ JHZVZ ZVU TH`VYLZ SHZ ZPTPSP[\KLZ LU[YL aVUHZ WLY[LULJPLU[LZ H KPZ[PU[VZ WHxZLZ X\L LU[YL YLNPVULZ KLU[YV KL \U TPZTV WHxZSVJ\HSLZWHY[PJ\SHYTLU[LUV[VYPVLUTH[LYPH HTIPLU[HS *HIL KLZ[HJHY X\L SH HJJP}U PU[LNYHKH KLSHZPUZ[P[\JPVULZKLHTIPLU[LZHS\K`HNYPJ\S[\YH MH]VYLJLSHHWSPJHJP}U`T\LZ[YHLUSHWYmJ[PJHSHZ ZPULYNPHZKLSHZJVU]LUJPVULZHTIPLU[HSLZZ\YNPKHZ KLSH*\TIYLWHYHSH;PLYYH

,SSV UV PTWSPJH X\L JVL_PZ[HU LSLTLU[VZ KPMLYLUJPHKVYLZ PTWVY[HU[LZ X\L LZ ULJLZHYPV KLZ[HJHY ` X\L Q\Z[PÄJHU SH HKVWJP}U KL \UH LZ[YH[LNPH WYVWPH 3HZ HZPTL[YxHZ L_PZ[LU[LZ LU SH YLNP}ULSNYHKVKPMLYLUJPHKVKLKLZHYYVSSVLU[YLSVZ WHxZLZSHKP]LYZPKHKJ\S[\YHSLU[YLV[YVZZVUYHZNVZ X\LZLKLILU[VTHYLUJ\LU[H`ZVIYL[VKVSHHS[H ]\SULYHIPSPKHK LJVS}NPJH ` ZVJPHS X\L ZL L_WYLZH WSLUHTLU[L LU SVZ [LYYP[VYPVZ ` LZWHJPVZ SVJHSLZ UHJPVUHSLZ`YLNPVUHSLZ

,Z[V ZPNUPÄJH X\L SH KPUmTPJH [LYYP[VYPHS LZ \U WYVJLZVHIPLY[VHSJHTIPVKL[LUKLUJPHZ`X\LVMYLJL WVZPIPSPKHKLZ WHYH SHZ HJJPVULZ KL VYKLUHTPLU[V KLS[LYYP[VYPV3VZWYVJLZVZIPVS}NPJVZLJVU}TPJVZ

La riqueza

natural y cultural

de la región

constituyen

factores clave

relevantes para

enfrentar el

futuro y lograr

el desarrollo

humano

sostenible.

33

ZVJPHSLZ WVSx[PJVZ ` J\S[\YHSLZ ZVU LSLTLU[VZ X\L JVTWVULU \U ZPZ[LTH [LYYP[VYPHS HIPLY[V KPUmTPJV ` ÅL_PISL 7VY LSSV SHZ HJJPVULZ L PU[LY]LUJPVULZ X\L HSSx ZL OHNHU KLILU KPYPNPYZL H PKLU[PÄJHY ` TVKPÄJHY HX\LSSHZ YLSHJPVULZ PUHKLJ\HKHZ X\L UV WLYTP[LU\VIZ[HJ\SPaHULSSVNYVKLSVZVIQL[P]VZKL ZVZ[LUPIPSPKHKWYVK\J[P]H`ZVJPHS

3H ,9(: MH]VYLJL SH JVOLYLUJPH ` JVU]LYNLUJPH KL WVSx[PJHZ KL SVZ ZLJ[VYLZ PU]VS\JYHKVZ 3H 7VSx[PJH (NYxJVSH *LU[YVHTLYPJHUH PUJS\`L \U LQL KL NLZ[P}UHTIPLU[HS`HJJPVULZLZWLJxÄJHZLUTH[LYPH HNYVHTIPLU[HS`YLJVUVJLHLZ[H,Z[YH[LNPHJVTVLS PUZ[Y\TLU[VWHYHZ\PTWSLTLU[HJP}UJVUSVJ\HSZL NHYHU[PaH SH JVOLYLUJPH ` YLJVUVJL SH PTWVY[HUJPH KLS HIVYKHQL [YHUZ]LYZHS X\L KLIL [LULY SH NLZ[P}U HTIPLU[HS,U(TIPLU[L`:HS\KSHYL]PZP}UWYL]PZ[H KLS 7SHU (TIPLU[HS KL SH 9LNP}U *LU[YVHTLYPJHUH WHYHLS`SHMVYT\SHJP}UKL\UHWVSx[PJHYLNPVUHS KLZHS\KVMYLJLYmUSHVWVY[\UPKHKKLMVY[HSLJLYH‚U TmZ SH JVOLYLUJPH ` JVU[YPI\PY H SH JVU]LYNLUJPH LU[YL SHZ WVSx[PJHZ ZLJ[VYPHSLZ ` SH ,9(: 7VY V[YH WHY[L PUPJPH[P]HZ LU TH[LYPH MVYLZ[HS IPVKP]LYZPKHK YLJ\YZVZOxKYPJVZ`YLZPK\VZZ}SPKVZHZxJVTVTHULQV ZLN\YV KL Z\Z[HUJPHZ X\xTPJHZ L_PZ[LU[LZ WVKYmU

Las asimetrías

existentes en la

región, el grado

diferenciado de

desarrollo entre

los países o la

diversidad cultural

son rasgos que se

deben tomar en

cuenta.

34

ZLY YL]PZHKVZ ` HSPULHKVZ JVTV WHY[L KL LZ[L NYHU LZM\LYaVPU[LNYHKVYKLSH[LTm[PJHHNYVHTIPLU[HS ,S PU]VS\JYHTPLU[V KL SVZ ZLJ[VYLZ PUZ[P[\JPVUHSLZ KL(NYPJ\S[\YH(TIPLU[L`:HS\KZLM\UKHTLU[HLU PU[LYLZLZJVTWHY[PKVZ`ZPULYNPHZT‚S[PWSLZ(SN\UVZ LQLTWSVZX\LSVPS\Z[YHUZVU!PLSHN\H]P[HSWHYHSH ]PKHLPUZ\TVJSH]LWHYHSHZHJ[P]PKHKLZHNYxJVSHZ PUJPKL LU SH JHSPKHK L PUVJ\PKHK KL SVZ HSPTLU[VZ ` LZ \U [LTH ZLUZP[P]V WHYH SH PUZ[P[\JPVUHSPKHK HTIPLU[HS"PPLUTH[LYPHKLJHTIPV`]HYPHIPSPKHK JSPTm[PJH PS\Z[YHU LZ[VZ PU[LYLZLZ JVT\ULZ SHZ THUPMLZ[HJPVULZ KL SHZ HTLUHaHZ UH[\YHSLZ X\L HMLJ[HUSHWYVK\JJP}UWVULULUYPLZNVSHZLN\YPKHK HSPTLU[HYPH ` ZVU TH[LYPH KL PU[LYtZ HTIPLU[HS" HZx JVTV LS ULJLZHYPV IHSHUJL LU[YL WYVK\JJP}U KL HSPTLU[VZ HNYVLULYNxH ` JVUZLY]HJP}U KL SVZ YLJ\YZVZUH[\YHSLZ"`PPPSHWYVK\JJP}UKLHSPTLU[VZ PUVJ\VZVI[LUPKVZJVUWYmJ[PJHZHTPNHISLZJVULS HTIPLU[L X\L KLT\LZ[YH X\L ZL W\LKL WYVK\JPY JVUZLY]HUKV`VMYLJPLUKVWYVK\J[VZU\[YP[P]VZ 3HHNYPJ\S[\YHLZ\UHHJ[P]PKHKLJVU}TPJHYLSL]HU[L `\UHPTWVY[HU[LOLYYHTPLU[HWHYHLSKLZHYYVSSV:\ HWVY[LHSHLJVUVTxHJLU[YVHTLYPJHUHLZPTWVY[HU[L KLZKLSHWLYZWLJ[P]HKLZ\JVU[YPI\JP}UHS70)HSH NLULYHJP}U KL LTWSLV H SH VI[LUJP}U KL KP]PZHZ HZx JVTV [HTIPtU WVY Z\ HWVY[L ZPNUPÄJH[P]V H SH ZLN\YPKHK HSPTLU[HYPH ` Z\ JVU[YPI\JP}U JVU LS KLZHYYVSSVY\YHS,U\UZLU[PKVTmZHTWSPVLS)HUJV 4\UKPHSLUZ\¸0UMVYTLZVIYLLSKLZHYYVSSVT\UKPHS (NYPJ\S[\YH WHYH LS KLZHYYVSSV ¹ Z\NPLYL X\L LSZLJ[VYHNYxJVSH[YHIHQLLUJVVYKPUHJP}UJVUV[YVZ ZLJ[VYLZ WHYH NLULYHY TH`VY JYLJPTPLU[V YLK\JPY SH WVIYLaH ` SVNYHY SH ZVZ[LUPIPSPKHK KLS TLKPV HTIPLU[L

3HHNYPJ\S[\YHW\LKL[LULYJVUZLJ\LUJPHZWVZP[P]HZ ZVIYL LS HTIPLU[L X\L JVU]PLUL VW[PTPaHY" UV VIZ[HU[L W\LKL WYV]VJHY L_[LYUHSPKHKLZ ULNH[P]HZ

Las acciones e

intervenciones

que se hagan

deben dirigirse

a identificar y

modificar aquellas

relaciones

inadecuadas que

obstaculizan

el logro de los

objetivos de

sostenibilidad

productiva y

social.

35

ZVIYL HZWLJ[VZ HTIPLU[HSLZ X\L HTLYP[HU ZLY JVUVJPKHZ`H[LUKPKHZWHYHLSPTPUHYSHZVYLK\JPYSHZ 7VY\UHWHY[LHSHHNYPJ\S[\YHZLSLH[YPI\`LUPTWHJ[VZ ULNH[P]VZLZWLJPHSTLU[LZVIYLYLJ\YZVZJVTVLSHN\H LSHPYL`Z\LSV*VTVZLJ[VYX\LTmZ\[PSPaHLSHN\H ZLSLYLZWVUZHIPSPaHKLZ\LZJHZLa`JVU[HTPUHJP}U `JVTV\Z\HYPVKLZ\Z[HUJPHZX\xTPJHZZLSLZL|HSH JVTVYLZWVUZHISLWVYKH|VZHSHZHS\K`WLYQ\PJPVZ HSHTIPLU[L:LSLH[YPI\`LULTPZPVULZKLNHZLZKL LMLJ[VPU]LYUHKLYVLZWLJPHSTLU[LTL[HUV`}_PKV UP[YVZVJVU[YPI\`LU[LZPTWVY[HU[LZHSJHSLU[HTPLU[V NSVIHS;HTIPtUZLHZVJPHSHHNYPJ\S[\YHJVUSHLYVZP}U V KLZNHZ[L KLS Z\LSV HZx JVTV JVU SH WtYKPKH KL IPVKP]LYZPKHKWVYKLNYHKHJP}UKLOmIP[H[Z`JHTIPV LULS\ZVKLSZ\LSV 7VYV[YHWHY[LZLYLJVUVJLLSWHWLSKLSVZZPZ[LTHZ KLWYVK\JJP}UHNYxJVSHTmZZVZ[LUPISLZX\LLU]La KL WYV]VJHY KH|VZ ZL JVU]PLY[LU LU WYV]LLKVYLZ YLSL]HU[LZ KL ZLY]PJPVZ HTIPLU[HSLZ ,Z[VZ ZPZ[LTHZ ZVU JHWHJLZ KL YLK\JPY SH ]\SULYHIPSPKHK HU[L HS[LYHJPVULZ JSPTm[PJHZ V KL JVU[YPI\PY JVU LS ZLJ\LZ[YVKLJHYIVUV`V[YHZMVYTHZKLTP[PNHJP}UKLS WYVJLZVKLJHSLU[HTPLU[VNSVIHS(KLTmZLZZHIPKV X\L SHZ HJ[P]PKHKLZ HNYxJVSHZ W\LKLU MH]VYLJLY SH WYLZLY]HJP}U KL SH KP]LYZPKHK IPVS}NPJH V WYV[LNLY OmIP[H[Z`LJVZPZ[LTHZ3HTLQVYMVYTHKLHZLN\YHY SH ZVZ[LUPIPSPKHK KL SH HNYPJ\S[\YH LZ L]P[HUKV SH KLNYHKHJP}UKLSVZLSLTLU[VZKLSHTIPLU[LWHYHSV X\L LZ ULJLZHYPV LS YLZWL[V ` SH WYV[LJJP}U KL SHZ mYLHZWYV[LNPKHZ`Z\ZLJVZPZ[LTHZ

:P IPLU LZ JSHYV X\L UV LZ WVZPISL JVU[PU\HY JVU LS TVKV NLULYHSPaHKV KL \[PSPaHY SVZ YLJ\YZVZ UH[\YHSLZLUSHHNYPJ\S[\YH"UVVIZ[HU[LSHZVS\JP}U UVJVUZPZ[LLUYLK\JPYVMYLUHYLSKLZHYYVSSVKLLZ[H PTWVY[HU[LHJ[P]PKHKLJVU}TPJH3HTLQVYMVYTHKL HZLN\YHYSHZVZ[LUPIPSPKHKKLSHHNYPJ\S[\YHLZL]P[HY SHKLNYHKHJP}UKLSVZLSLTLU[VZKLSHTIPLU[LL]P[HY LS H]HUJL UV WSHUPÄJHKV KL SH MYVU[LYH HNYxJVSH

El sector agrícola

debe trabajar

en coordinación

con otros

sectores para

generar mayor

crecimiento,

reducir la pobreza

y lograr la

sostenibilidad del

medio ambiente.

36

JVUZLY]HYSVZZ\LSVZ`HN\HZLUJHU[PKHK`JHSPKHK ` \ZHY SHZ [PLYYHZ KL HJ\LYKV JVU Z\ JHWHJPKHK IPVWYVK\J[P]H,ZKLLZ[HMVYTHLUX\LSHHNYPJ\S[\YH W\LKLTH_PTPaHYLS\ZVKLSVZYLJ\YZVZZPUWYVK\JPY Z\KLNYHKHJP}UHTIPLU[HSMH]VYLJPLUKVSVZLZWHJPVZ `LZ[PSVZKL]PKHZHS\KHISLZ

,U LZ[L JVU[L_[V SH ,9(: ZL WYLZLU[H JVTV LS WYPUJPWHSPUZ[Y\TLU[VKLHSJHUJLYLNPVUHSKLÄUPKV KLZKLSHWLYZWLJ[P]HKLSHZPULYNPHLU[YL(NYPJ\S[\YH (TIPLU[L`:HS\KLULSJVU[L_[VKLSTLKPVY\YHS:\ PTWSLTLU[HJP}UYLZWVUKLYmHSH\YNLU[LULJLZPKHK KL VJ\WHYZL KLS JHTIPV ` KL SH ]HYPHIPSPKHK JSPTm[PJH" MH]VYLJLY LS WHWLS KL WYV]LLKVYLZ KL ZLY]PJPVZ HTIPLU[HSLZ KLS ZLJ[VY HNYxJVSH" H[LUKLY SVZ YL[VZ ` VWVY[\UPKHKLZ KL SVZ ULNVJPVZ HNYVHTIPLU[HSLZ LU[YL LSSVZ IPVJVTI\Z[PISLZ WYVK\JPKVZJVUYLZWVUZHIPSPKHKZVJPHS`HTIPLU[HS" WYVWPJPHY\UTHULQVZVZ[LUPISLKLZ\LSVZLZWHJPVZ `LZ[PSVZKL]PKHZHS\KHISLZ"`WYV[LNLYSHYPX\LaHLU IPVKP]LYZPKHKJVUX\LJ\LU[HLZ[HYLNP}U

Existe una urgente

necesidad de

ocuparse del cambio

y de la variabilidad

climática; de

favorecer el papel

de proveedores

de servicios

ambientales y de

atender los retos

y oportunidades

de los negocios

agroambientales.

Internacional Regional Nacional Sa lu d A gr icu ltu ra Ambiente Territorial

37

Conceptos y orientaciones estratégicas

Conceptos básicos

(NYVHTIPLU[L

<ZV ZVZ[LUPISL KL SVZ LZWHJPVZ LJVU}TPJVZ_{ TLKPHU[L ZPZ[LTHZ KL}

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(NYPJ\S[\Y

H

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(TIPLU[L

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:PZ[LTHKLVYKLUHTPLU[V[LYYP[VYPHSJVTW\LZ[VKLmYLHZUH[\YHSLZIHQV YLNxTLULZKLHKTPUPZ[YHJP}ULZWLJPHSaVUHZU‚JSLVKLHTVY[PN\HTPLU[V KL \ZVZ T‚S[PWSLZ ` mYLHZ KL PU[LYJVUL_P}U" LS J\HS LZ[m VYNHUPaHKV ` JVUZVSPKHKV WHYH X\L IYPUKL \U JVUQ\U[V KL IPLULZ ` ZLY]PJPVZ HTIPLU[HSLZHSHZVJPLKHKJLU[YVHTLYPJHUH`T\UKPHSWYVWVYJPVUHUKV SVZ LZWHJPVZ KL JVUJLY[HJP}U ZVJPHS WHYH WYVTV]LY SH PU]LYZP}U LU SH JVUZLY]HJP}U`\ZVZVZ[LUPISLKLSVZYLJ\YZVZ

38

+LZHYYVSSV ZVZ[LUPISL

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40

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