Contribution of lexico-semantic processes to verbal short-term
memory tasks: A PET activation study
F. Collette and S. Majerus M. Van der Linden
P. Dabe, C. Degueldre, G. Delfiore, A. Luxen, and E. Salmon
! " " # $ " % #& '(% " ! #& )*% " + " # % # ,% " # -(**./& -(**0/ -1 -2 1 -(**)/ -(**.% & 3 - -- - - - " " " # % & 4 #& -(*5./& 2 4 -(*60% 7 " -$ 8 , - #(**)% - & 3 7 # - -(**./ -(**.%, - " -& - - 1 9#(***% $: -; #& -(**0/ -(**)/ -(**.% &
)6-& )* & 0<+6# -(**./ -= -2 > -(**.% 1 -" , -" #4 - -2 -(**?/ -(**)%- " 7 " " 7 " #& 2 & -(**0/@ 2 4 -(***/@ 2 @ -(*66%-# 2 " -(**?% , -" - - " #A -@ - -2 & -(**(% " " 7 -" , -# - - % - # -% " # - ! %, - " " -" " , -B #(***% -, - " 7 -" - - -& 3 -" - & 3 1 -" ! - - " -" 4 - B #(***%-- - " " -" " B 7 -" - " , " - -" " ' ( ! (' " #? 6 %- (5 )< -
: C D B 8 ' ' 7 B ,*?( (.+)( )E ! 3 # -%- 1 - '<" 7 .5A - -#= 2 @ -(**?%- (' $ )<" *<" 7 #4'(?F% (< B #''' &7% ! - ? - '< ! E 4 # 7 $< ? + % ! - ' ) B ! ! $ " - - $ G G#( ) % G " " G# " %- " " E $ ( F " $ " ! ' F $ ! ) " $ " ! 0 $ ! )0* " 1 1 " -')0 " 1 # - A -(**(% & #B --2 -(**<% $ 7 " " 1 - - " - " -8 1 - ( ' # " % ?# " % - ! 3
! & 7 -, 7 - )* #() ) - )* ( %& -- -' 0 E E # **/@ E B 8 -, 8 -C -:>% C & 1 ! - -#1 -(**6%1 -A (. " ! " 7 ! " # 2 -(*55% E ! ! #1 -(**<% " # %-1 - " # 8BFH % " ! B&1 # ?< +<< + % ! 8BFH -I #%J#1 -1 -C -2 1 -(**(% #% I #K%J@ <<( # %- <?% L <<( # %- ) ( B $ # $)5 56M< '0/ $)5 6' M< ))% " #)660 M < 66%- " -'*'6N< ))/ !"# #5-)%O)0-L<<<( ) ' , $ % & ' ( ) , " -! # " %
#& 5%-- - # " % & 3 - " #& '0+)'% # ( 1 (% $ % & ' ) # % " #& ''% #& *%# ' 1 (% B - " # " -) 1 (% #& ''%
TABLE 1: Conjunction analysis for the memory load
& & & *+ & + ,,- . . & & & ) / '5 0< ?6. #& 5% 0 '5 )' 0"*? #& )'% C P ' "0 < 0 66 C "'0 '< ". 0 5< + 0)""
& & &
C "0. ?' ) () #& 00% "?5 (. 5 ) () C (< "65 "'' 0 )( .< "?5 "'. 0 <6 P 0. ".5 "'. ) *6 ")0 ".0 ")0 ) 6? " 00 "60 ")' ) .)
1 -) & & & & 2 3 2 . . .
& . 4 32 . & & +
4 &2 . & + & 4 2 . & 3
)$ & & 5 3 - 6
7) 3 & & & & )
5 8 ' $ % & . ' + +
& & & 9 *+ & + ,,- . . & & & .0 "0' (5 ?-<? #& ''% 6< "). (5 0-6< ?< (0 )< ?<< #& *% B K" / " -C O / O -9 # % # 2 -(*55% 5 86'$ % & . ' + + & & & *+ & + (,- . . & & & : & 0 "?5 ?-'? '' ".< "'0 ?-(< + ) ,,-& & & C (5 "?. "(. 0-.( ?' "65 " "'' )-5) "(< "0< "'' 0-0) "(' "?' "'< )-.) C "6< "'. 0 0-'' #& ''% $ B K" " -C O / " -9 # % # 2 -(*55% ; & ) F -, - # % " # % " " , -" " # - -2 1 - (**6% B&1 " #& '(% " " ! #& )*%# 0 1 (%
5 87' ; &
& & & &
Q *+ & + ,,- . . & & & C ".< ")5 "(0 ?<? #& '(% C " "?' ".' (5 ?<< #& )*%
$ *+ & 9 .&. . & & & . &
3 . 3 < < < + <) = . . 4>=
. . . 9 2 & . 5 &. & 5 &.? 5 9 -@AA2)
" " - " " @ ! #% # " % #% " - -8 - " " " @ 7 " " -#& )'%- #& 5%- -- & 3 #& 00% # -(**./ -(**)/ -(**.% -#(**)% & 3 " 4 - -" # --(**)/ -(**.%- - #(***% - 7 " " - # % #& ''% #& *%-- " -- " " # - - - -2 @ -(***/ -(*5*/ -(**.% " " " -- R #(***% - - # % - - -F -"
" , #'<<<% " -- " #& *% ! " - -- # - B 9 2 8 -'<<<% 4 -# -ES --(**'/ 9 -(**?/ ; " -E3 - -2 1 -(**6/@ -(**.%@ 7 ! B 7 - + ! 1 -& -#(**?% # % ! - ! , " #& ''% 7 #ES -(**'-(**0/ --(**)-(**./ -(*5*/ -K -C 7 -2 E -(**'%-" - " 1 ! " - # - -(**)%-- ! -" " #& '(% #& )*%! 7 " " " , -# -& -(**6/ES --(**'-(**0/4 -(**'/ - -4 -2 @ -(**./H -(**.%@ -! " #E -(**'/ -(**./H -(**.%E " , - - " # -4 -(**'% # 9 -(**)/K - -
-2 A! -(**'% #E -(**'%F -" - -4 -# " % # %# - -, -2 -(***% " " , -B #(***% -- 7 " # " % H #(**.% ! -7 4 - B - H -) , -" - ! # -@ -: -2 4 -(**.% 1 - " " & 3 #& -(*5.% - # " % " # + % " " " - - " & - " & 3 #& -A -2 ; -(**5%-" , -4 -" # C -(**.-%, -" B- -C - & #(***%- B - - " " " " , -" , -"
B -#(***%1 " , -" -" -- " -" " # - B -(***%8 # " % ; 7 - " " -- -1 - 7 7 -" - "-= -,- - - - 4 -> - -2 > 9- #(**.%E
$ B &. & & &
6-'?")(
& - E #(*5.%-C D F $B
& - E -A - ---2 ; -B
#(**5%-B &. & > -,E(?5P(6)
& - E -2 4 -A= #(*60%@ , A & # %-> & &
#H 5- 06"*<%8 T $
& -= - -E > -2 1 9-, #(***% 9
$ 7- '6")5
& -= - - -E -E=-E --(- - - -EB-2 E > - #(**0%-1
$ F ( - '50"'*'
& -= -1 -, -4 - -B - @ - - -2 - #(**6%4
G ! & & -H )?)").'
& -EB-2 & -E #(**0%& $
; B &. & ? > - (''"('?
& - C- - -F! -,A- 9 -1 -- 7 -C -2 - #(**?%1
5. G ! + & & -)E('"'*
B 9 - -2 8 -C #'<<<%, ,,$ '6? ,
B - - - -2 - #(**<%& :C U : S " S , ; S I& :C U$ 1 J- I B &. J @, ??("?.. B -& - - -@ - C- - B-& 9-G - -B -, -4 - -1 - --& -= -B - @ --2 - #(***% - -! &. -6(6(P(56 ES -="1--B -1 - - -B -E -8 -,C --@ - - - -2 1 " -=-#(**'% ! --E (6?)"(6.5 ES - "1- -B=-@ - -2 1 - =#(**0%E $ ! & & -A '?"'5 1 - -1 -> -1 -B-E - -2 99 -= A #(**6%F 3 & )C $ 1 ->=-1 -BE -C - 1-E - =V-C - -2 1 - = #(**<% G $ 3 1 ( 3 -, 0?5"0.. 1 -> =-1 -BE -C - 1-2 1 - ,#(**(%B # % $ G $ 3 1 ( 3 -- .*<".** A - -@ -B- -4--2 & - E #(**(% 3 " B &. & - )0*").6 4 -E - ->-@ - -& -@ E-1 ->=-@ -B-2 1 - =#(**'% 9 --E(6.*"(65' 4 -B - - -2 - #(**?% " .G B &. AK ?'6"?). = - 2 @ -B #(**?%- $E W, ,-! (05"(?. C - 4 #(**.% , - @ -C 4 - 4 C -9 -2 K # %-C D . & # )(".?%F $F : - -@ -BC --: -CA--2 4 -=H #(**.%-8 " ! 6H@ .0*".?' - B-C - 1-2 & - B #(***%, " G ( 7- )"'* 9 -& -- 9 -8 -1 -H - - - #(**)% G $ ! & & E 0.6"06* -B= - -=- - >-2 @ - = #(***%1
! G . & & & & -,K 00*"0?6
-B=- ->-4 -= -2 @ - = #(**.%A G G
$E B & . > & 2 K6 *5*"**?
- --1 -BE -2 1 - = #(**)%
- - B - -1 9 -1- -C-& -8-B ; - 1--B - -B -A -B -1-C - -- - -A - - -E - -B-1 -BE-2 1 -: #'<<<% ! ! + & & 6 *("*. - -1 - - - ,- - -2 - #(*5*% G $ ! & & -(?)"(6< - -2 " -= #(**?% $1 5. L G 89 B &. 7A )50P0<0 -B=-, - -2 - #(***%-, B & 2 4 # -%-5. & # '((" '0<%F $F : -B =- -B ,-2 1 ->=#(**6% " - ! F ( E '.0"'6' -B=-@ - = -@ - - -B=-4 -E- ->-1 - =-2 1 ->= #(**.%4 " --@ *(*"*)( , -1#(***%@ 3 . & & '?)")).
-&- -H-E -, -A -A4-2 A -=E #(***%C
! @ '(."''. - -H C - -B -1-E -A- 7 - -E -B-C - -2 1 -A #(**.% --@ (.(6"(.'? - 4-C - - - -= -=-- - -2 > - #(**.% ! 6 6*"55 - #(**)% ( $ - (.5"(6? -=-K - -C 7 - -2 E -& #(**'% ! $ $ 3 $ 9 .5"5< 9-& - 9- - -> -B - - - -1 - >-& - -1 -= - -E -> 9-C-2 A -= B #(**?% 9 ! 6H6 .<6".<* - -= -=-2 > - #(**.%E $ 3 $ 9 K(("'< -=-2 - -#(*55%$ + 9& . . 3 ' 6+ ' &. & 3 $ ; " - C-E3 - - -A>-2 1 - =
#(**6%-$ " B & . ! & & & &
@7(06*'"(06*6 H - - -B =-@ - = -= -F -2 1 - ,#(**.%1 ! 6A6 '?0"'?. @ -,-2 4 -B #(***%-B $ " G 89 B &. ' ( $ E('?."('6(
@ - -@ - = - -B=--@ -B-4 -:--- - ---2 1 - =-#(**.%--8 ! - --@ (?*"(6* @ -F B -2 @ - = #(*66%-- $ 7 G 89 B &. ' F ( 6 6('"6(5 K - =- - B- - ---2 A! - -#(**'%C 9 & & EK 50."50*
