t wm provides a default window that gives X client applications a common appearance. t wm
decorates each window with visible window controls that you can use to move and manipulate a window on your screen. Figure 3-1 shows these window controls on an xterm window.
6 Important This chapter assumes that you have started XII by using the
instructions in Chapter 2, "Getting Started," and that the XII startup environment, shown in Figure 2-3, is visible on your screen. ~
• Figure 3-1 The default t wm window
Iconify box Title bar
*I I
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Size box
• Note: You can direct t wrn not to decorate client application windows with window controls by specifying the NoTi tle variable in your .twrnrc file (see "Specifying Window Variables" in Chapter 5 for details). To manipulate windows that do not display the t wrn window controls, or to use a window's controls when they are hidden under a stack of overlapping windows, you must use the Window Operations menu.
See "Window Operations Menu," later in this chapter, for details.
You'll learn how to use these window controls in the following sections.
Making windows active
You must make the window you want to manipulate (move, resize, or iconify) the active window (see Chapter 1, "Introduction to XlI," for information about the active window).
To assign focus to a window and make it active, follow this step:
• Position the pointer anywhere in a window (to make it active).
The title bar is highlighted, indicating that the window is active.
• Note: On color screens, when a window is not active, special color requirements that may have been specified for the client application might not be honored by XII. As a result, the window contents may appear miscolored and unintelligible.
Making the window active restores the special color values to the window.
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Moving windows
You move a window by dragging its title bar. Follow these steps:
1. Position the pointer anywhere on the title bar of the window (except on the iconify or size box), and press and hold down the mouse button.
When you press the mouse button, the pointer changes to a compass pointer, and a window grid appears on top of the window you are moving.
2. Drag the window grid to a new position while holding down the mouse button as you move the mouse.
The window stays in its original position on the screen as you drag the window grid.
3. Release the mouse button.
When you release the mouse button, the window grid disappears and the window moves to its new position.
• Note: To move a window that doesn't have a title bar, or if the title bar is hidden, you must use the Window Operations menu. See "Window Operations Menu,"
later in this chapter.
Changing windows to icons
When you have many windows displayed on the screen, it is often useful to change a window to an icon, or "iconify" it, and temporarily move the icon out of the way until you need the full-size window again. Changing a window to an icon does not close the client application or terminate an A/UX command that may be running in the window.
The type of icon you see depends on the client application. The icon can be a small box containing the name of the application, or if a specific icon is provided by the client
application, the icon can be more elaborate. Figure 3-2 shows a sample XII screen with icons.
3-4 XlI User's Guide for A/UX
• Figure 3-2 A sample XII screen with icons
This section shows you how to
• change a window to an icon
• move the icon to a different location on the screen
• change the icon back to a full-size window
To change a window to an icon
1. Position the pointer on the iconify box of the window.
2. Click the iconify box.
The window changes to an icon.
• Note: Notice that when you iconify a window, the icon does not necessarily appear in the same place that the corresponding window occupied on the screen.
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To move an icon
1. Position the pointer on an icon.
2. Hold down the LEFT ARRow key.
The pointer changes to a compass pointer, and a window grid appears on top of the icon.
3. USe the mouse to move the windov{ grid to another position on the screen.
Do not press the mouse button.
4. Release the LEFT ARRow key.
The window grid disappears and the icon is redrawn in its new position.
To change an icon back to a window 1. Position the pointer on an icon.
2. Click the icon.
The window returns to its original size and position on the screen.
• Note: To iconify a window that doesn't have an iconify box, or if the iconify box is hidden, you must use the Window Operations menu. See "Window Operations Menu," later in this chapter.
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Resizing windows
To change the size of a window, follow these steps:
1. Position the pointer on the size box of the window and hold down the mouse button.
When you press and hold down the mouse button, the pointer changes to a compass pointer, a small pop-up window in the top-left corner of the screen displays the current size of the window, and a window grid appears on top of the window.
2. Drag outside the top, right, left, or bottom border of the window grid.
The size of the window is increased or decreased in the direction you drag, and the numeric values in the pop-up window change accordingly.
3. Release the mouse button.
When you release the mouse button, the window grid disappears, and the window is redrawn in its new size.
• Note: To resize a window that doesn't have a size box, or if the size box is hidden, you must use the Window Operations menu. See "Window Operations Menu," later in this chapter.
Changing the stacking order of overlapping windows
When you have several windows overlapping on the screen, one or more windows may become hidden from view. You can change the stacking order of overlapping windows by clicking the title bar of the window you want to move.
This section shows you how to
• move a partially obscured window to the top of a stack of overlapping windows
• move a top window to the bottom of a stack of windows in order to make other windows visible
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To move a window to the top
1. Position the pointer anywhere in the title bar of the window you want to move (except on the iconify or size box).
2. Click the title bar.
When you click the title bar, the window is redrawn in the same position, but on top of the other windows.
To move a top window to the bottom
1. Position the pointer anywhere in the title bar of the window you want to move (except on the iconify or size box).
2. Press the RIGHT ARROW key.
When you press the RIGHT ARROW key, the window moves to the bottom of the stack of windows.