Priorités de recherche
5. Utilisation du vaccin Ebola rVSV-ZEBOV-GP parmi les femmes enceintes
a. Évaluer la compréhension et la perception du risque parmi les femmes enceintes et les femmes allaitantes en ce qui concerne les traitements expérimentaux et la vaccination contre la MVE, en testant leur compréhension du consentement éclairé.
b. Déterminer l’efficacité et l’innocuité du vaccin rVSV-ZEBOV-GP parmi les femmes enceintes, en particulier en ce qui concerne le vaccin Ervebo (Merck), préqualifié par l’OMS.
c. Rechercher les vaccins permettant d’optimiser les issues pour la mère, la grossesse et le nouveau-né lorsqu’ils sont administrés aux femmes enceintes.
d. Étudier l’efficacité du vaccin pour différentes souches du virus Ebola ou en cas de mutation virale dans la souche actuelle.
e. Déterminer l’acceptabilité de l’utilisation du vaccin expérimental parmi les femmes enceintes ou allaitantes dans différentes communautés.
f. Déterminer l’impact de l’utilisation du vaccin sur les mesures PCI traditionnelles et sur les efforts de prévention dans le cadre de la riposte visant à réduire la transmission de la MVE.
Financement
L’élaboration de ces lignes directrices a été financée par l’OMS et par le Programme spécial PNUD/UNFPA/OMS/Banque mondiale de recherche, de développement et de formation à la recherche en reproduction humaine, hébergé par le Département Santé et recherche génésiques de l’OMS.
Références
1. Maladie à virus Ebola en République démocratique du Congo – Le point sur la situation d’urgence en cours. Genève : Organisation mondiale de la Santé ; 2019.
2. Edmunds J, Jarvis C. Benefits risk analysis of vaccination of pregnant women with rVSV-ZEBOV as part of expanded access programme. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine ; 2018.
3. van Griensven J, Edwards T, de Lamballerie X, Semple MG, Gallian P, Baize S et al.
Evaluation of convalescent plasma for Ebola virus disease in Guinea. N Eng J Med.
2016;374(1):33–42.
4. Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Zaire, 1976. Bull World Health Organ. 1978;56(2):271–93.
5. Mupapa K, Mukundu W, Bwaka MA, Kipasa M, de Roo A, Kuvula K et al. Ebola hemorrhagic fever and pregnancy. J Infect Dis. 1999;179(s1):S11–2.
6. Notes for the record: Consultation on Monitored Emergency Use of Unregistered and Investigational Interventions (MEURI) for Ebola virus disease (EVD). Genève : Organisation mondiale de la santé ; 2018:21:1–7.
7. Lamontagne F, Fowler RA, Adhikari NK, Murthy S, Brett-Major DM, Jacobs M et al.
Public health evidence-based guidelines for supportive care of patients with Ebola virus disease. Lancet. 2018;391(10121):700–8.
8. Soins de supports optimisés pour la maladie à virus Ebola : procédures de gestion clinique standard. Genève : Organisation mondiale de la sante ; 2019.
9. Dörnemann J, Burzio C, Ronsse A, Sprecher A, de Clerck H, van Herp M et al. First newborn baby to receive experimental therapies survives Ebola virus disease. J Infect Dis. 2017;215(2):171–4.
10. Caluwaerts S. Nubia’s mother: Being pregnant in the time of experimental vaccines and therapeutics for Ebola. Reprod Health. 2017;14(s3):157.
11. Investigational therapeutics for the treatment of people with Ebola virus disease.
Bethesda (MA): National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. Mise à jour publiée le 9 août 2019.
12. Independent monitoring board recommends early termination of Ebola therapeutics trial in DRC because of favorable results with two of four candidates. Bethesda (MA):
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. Communiqué de presse, 12 août 2019.
13. Avortement sécurisé : directives techniques et stratégiques à l’intention des systèmes de santé. Deuxième édition. Genève : Organisation mondiale de la santé ; 2012.
14. Price ME, Fisher-Hoch SP, Craven RB, McCormick JB. A prospective study of maternal and fetal outcome in acute Lassa fever infection during pregnancy. BMJ. 1988;297(6648):584–
7.
15. Henwood PC, Bebell LM, Roshania R, Wolfman V, Mallow M, Kalyanpur A et al. Ebola virus disease and pregnancy: A retrospective cohort study of patients managed at 5 Ebola treatment units in West Africa. Clin Infect Dis. 2017; 65(2):292–9.
16. Caluwaerts S, van Herp M, Cuesta JG, Crestani R. Pregnancy and Ebola: Survival of pregnant women admitted to MSF Ebola treatment centres in the 2014–2016 outbreak.
MSF Scientific Days 2018.
17. Bower H, Grass JE, Veltus E, Brault A, Campbell S, Basile AJ et al. Delivery of an Ebola virus-positive stillborn infant in a rural community health center, Sierra Leone, 2015. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2016;94(2):417–9.
18. Dunn AC, Walker TA, Redd J, Sugerman D, McFadden J, Singh T et al. Nosocomial transmission of Ebola virus disease on pediatric and maternity wards: Bombali and Tonkolili, Sierra Leone, 2014. Am J Infect Control. 2016;44(3):269–72.
19. Sacra R, Fankhauser J. Caring for women in labor at the height of Liberia’s Ebola crisis:
The ELWA Hospital Experience. Pregnant in the Time of Ebola, 2019. In: Schwartz DA, Anoko JN, Abramowitz SA, editors. Pregnant in the time of Ebola: Women and their children in the 2013–2015 West African epidemic. Augusta (GA): Springer ; 2019:159–83.
20. Connolly A, Young A. Ebola virus disease surveillance in two high-transmission districts of Sierra Leone during the 2013–2015 outbreak: Surveillance methods, implications for maternal and child health, and recommendations. In: Schwartz DA, Anoko JN, Abramowitz SA, editors. Pregnant in the time of Ebola: Women and their children in the 2013–2015 West African epidemic. Augusta (GA): Springer ; 2019:417–35.
21. Caluwaerts S, Lagrou D, Lledo P, Black B, Decroo T, Camara AM et al. Blood, birthing and body fluids: Delivering and staying alive in an Ebola management centre. MSF Scientific Days 2015.
22. Baggi FM, Taybi A, Kurth A, van Herp M, Di Caro A, Wölfel R et al. Management of pregnant women infected with Ebola virus in a treatment centre in Guinea, juin 2014.
Euro Surveill. 2014;19(49):20983.
23. Oduyebo T, Pineda D, Lamin M, Leung A, Corbett C, Jamieson DJ. A pregnant patient with Ebola virus disease. Obstet Gynecol. 2015;126(6):1273–5.
24. Muehlenbachs A, de la Rosa Vázquez O, Bausch DG, Schafer IJ, Paddock CD, Nyakio JP et al. Ebola virus disease in pregnancy: Clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical findings. J Infect Dis. 2017;215(1):64–9.
25. Oduyebo T, Bennett SD, Nallo AS, Jamieson DJ, Ellington S, Souza K et al. Stillbirths and neonatal deaths surveillance during the 2014–2015 Ebola virus disease outbreak in Sierra Leone. Int. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2019;144(2):225–31.
26. Caluwaerts S, Fautsch T, Lagrou D, Moreau M, Camara AM, Gunther S. Dilemmas in managing pregnant women with Ebola: 2 case reports. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2016;62(7):903–5.
27. Okoror L, Kamara A, Kargbo B, Bangura J, Lebby M. Transplacental transmission: A rare case of Ebola virus transmission. Infect Dis Rep. 2018;10(7725):53–55.
28. Rodriguez LL, de Roo A, Guimard Y, Trappier SG, Sanchez A, Bressler D et al. Persistence and genetic stability of Ebola virus during the outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. J Infect Dis. 1999;179(s1):S170–6.
29. The Ebola Virus Persistence Study Group and B. Knust. Investigating virus persistence in body fluids of Ebola survivors in Sierra Leone. ASTMH 65th Annual Meeting, 2016.
30. Liu WJ, Sesay FR, Coursier A, Knust B, Marrinan JE, Whitmer S et al. Comprehensive clinical and laboratory follow-up of a female patient with Ebola virus disease: Sierra Leone Ebola virus persistence study. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2019;6(3):ofz068.
31. Bausch DG, Towner JS, Dowell SF, Kaducu F, Lukwiya M, Sanchez A et al. Assessment of the risk of Ebola virus transmission from bodily fluids and fomites. J Infect Dis.
2007;196:S142–7.
32. Nordenstedt H, Bah EI, de la Vega MA, Barry M, N’Faly M, Barry M et al. Ebola virus in breast milk in an Ebola virus–positive mother with twin babies, Guinea, 2015. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;22(4):759–60.
33. Sissoko D, Keïta M, Diallo B, Aliabadi N, Fitter DL, Dahl BA et al. Ebola virus persistence in breast milk after no reported illness: A likely source of virus transmission from mother to child. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64(4):513–6.
34. Arias A, Watson SJ, Asogun D, Tobin EA, Lu J, Phan MVT et al. Rapid outbreak sequencing of Ebola virus in Sierra Leone identifies transmission chains linked to sporadic cases.
Virus Evol. 2016;2(1):vew016.
35. Bower H, Johnson S, Bangura MS, Kamara AJ, Kamara O, Mansaray SH et al. Effects of mother’s illness and breastfeeding on risk of Ebola virus disease in a cohort of very young children. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10(4): e0004622.
36. Francesconi P, Yoti Z, Declich S, Onek PA, Fabiani M, Olango J et al. Ebola hemorrhagic fever transmission and risk factors of contacts, Uganda. Emerg Infect Dis.
2003;9(11):1430–7.
37. Moreau M, Spencer C, Gozalbes JG, Colebunders R, Lefevre A, Gryseels S et al. Lactating mothers infected with Ebola virus: EBOV RT-PCR of blood only may be insufficient. Euro Surveill. 2015;20(3):21017.
38. Williams GS, Naiene J, Gayflor J, Malibiche T, Zoogley B, Frank WG Jr et al. Twenty-one days of isolation: A prospective observational cohort study of an Ebola-exposed hot zone community in Liberia. J Infect. 2015;71(2):150–7.
39. Rowe AK, Bertolli J, Khan AS, Mukunu R, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Bressler D et al. Clinical, virologic, and immunologic follow-up of convalescent Ebola hemorrhagic fever contacts patients and their household, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo. J Infect Dis.
1999;179(s1):S28–35.
40. Green E, Hunt L, Ross JCG, Nissen NM, Curran T, Badhan A et al. Viraemia and Ebola virus secretion in survivors of Ebola virus disease in Sierra Leone: A cross- sectional cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016;16(9):1052–6.
41. Mora-Rillo M, Arsuaga M, Ramírez-Olivencia G, de la Calle F, Borobia AM, Sánchez-Seco P et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome after convalescent plasma use: treatment of a patient with Ebola virus disease contracted in Madrid, Spain. Lancet Respir Med.
2015;29(15):1–9.
42. Liddell AM, Davey RT Jr, Mehta AK, Varkey JB, Kraft CS, Tseggay GK et al. Characteristics and clinical management of a cluster of 3 patients with Ebola virus disease,
including the first domestically acquired cases in the United States. Ann Intern Med.
2015;163(2):81–90.
43. Akerlund E, Prescott J, Tampellini L. Shedding of Ebola virus in an asymptomatic pregnant woman. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(25):2467–9.
44. Samai M, ,Seward JF, Goldstein ST, Mahon BE, Lisk DR, Widdowson MA et al. The Sierra Leone trial to introduce a vaccine against Ebola: An evaluation of rVSVG-ZEBOV-GP vaccine tolerability and safety during the West Africa Ebola outbreak. J Infect Dis.
2018;217(s1):S6–15.
45. Utilisation des médicaments dans le cadre d’un d’avortement. Genève : Organisation mondiale de la santé ; 2018. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
46. WHO recommendations for induction of labour. Genève : Organisation mondiale de la santé ; 2011.
47. Orientations provisoires : Comment inhumer sans risque et dans la dignité les personnes décédées de maladie à virus Ebola ou Marburg suspectée ou confirmée. Genève : Organisation mondiale de la santé ; 2017;1–17.
48. WHO recommendations: Uterotonics for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage.
Genève : Organisation mondiale de la santé ; 2018.
49. Integrated Management of Pregnancy and Childbirth: Pregnancy, Childbirth, Postpartum and Newborn Care: A guide for essential practice. Genève : Organisation mondiale de la sante, UNFPA, UNICEF; 2015.
50. Update WHO recommendation on tranexamic acid for the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage: Highlights and Key Messages from the World Health Organization’s 2017 Global Recommendation. Genève : Organisation mondiale de la santé ; 2017:1–5.
51. Lignes directrices pour la gestion des questions éthiques lors des flambées de maladies infectieuses. Genève : Organisation mondiale de la santé ; 2016.
52. Standard precautions in health care. Aide-mémoire. Genève : Organisation mondiale de la santé ; 2007.
53. Prévention et contrôle de l’infection pour les soins aux cas suspects ou confirmés de fièvre hémorragique à filovirus dans les établissements de santé, avec un accent particulier sur le virus Ebola (guide provisoire). Genève : Organisation mondiale de la santé ; 2014:1–27.
54. Soins cliniques pour les survivants de la maladie à virus Ebola: Guide provisoire. Genève : Organisation mondiale de la santé ; 2016:1–31.
55. Zika Ethics consultation: Ethics guidance on key issues raised by the outbreak.
Washington (DC): Pan American Health Organization ; 2016.
56. Personal protective equipment for use in a filovirus disease outbreak: Rapid advice guideline. Genève : Organisation mondiale de la santé ; 2016:1–71.
57. Essential nutrition actions: mainstreaming nutrition through the life-course. Genève : Organisation mondiale de la santé ; 2019.
58. Guidelines for the prevention of Ebola or Marburg virus transmission during surgery and invasive procedures. Genève : Organisation mondiale de la santé ; 2019.
59. Ebola virus disease in pregnancy: Screening and management of Ebola contacts, cases, and survivors. Genève : Organisation mondiale de la santé ; 2018:1–4.
60. Ebola treatment centre (ETC): Pregnant and lactating women. Guidance paper. Médecins Sans Frontières ; 2014.
61. Black B, Caluwaerts S, Achar J. Ebola viral disease and pregnancy. Obstet Med.
2015;8(3):108–13.
62. Inter-agency reproductive health kits for crisis situations. Manual, 5th edition. New York (NY): Fonds des Nations Unies pour la population ; 2011.
63. Coutin A. Essential obstetric and newborn care. Médecins Sans Frontières ; 2015.
64. Managing complications in pregnancy and childbirth: a guide for midwives and doctors, 2nd edition. Genève : Organisation mondiale de la santé ; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
65. Protocols for medical abortion. Chapel Hill (NC): IPAS ; 2019.
66. Updated WHO recommendation on tranexamic acid for the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage. Genève : Organisation mondiale de la santé ; 2017.
67. Recommandations de l’OMS pour la prévention et le traitement de l’hémorragie du post-partum. Genève : Organisation mondiale de la santé ; 2012.