UIDevice Notifications

v.4: Se encontrares boi de inimigo teu ou jumento seu perdido: reconduzir

UHFRQGX]LUiVSDUDHOH

-i VDEHPRV HP TXH VHWRU GD VRFLHGDGH LVUDHOLWD R ERL r estava inserido e,

SRUWDQWR D TXHP HOH SHUWHQFLD  (VVHV DJULFXOWRUHV DEDVWDGRV WDPEpP SRVVXtDP

jumentos/  TXH Mi YLPRV TXH VHUYLD FRPR DQLPDO SDUD WUDQVSRUWDU SHVVRDV H PHUFDGRULDV $TXL HVVHV DQLPDLV TXH FRP FHUWH]D HVWmR OLJDGRV D SURSULHWiULos DEDVWDGRVGHYLGRDSUHVHQoDGRERLHVWmRSHUGLGRV $TXHOHTXHHVWLYHUHPOLWtJLR FRP XP GHVVHV SURSULHWiULRV QmR GHYH HVWHQGHU VXDV GLIHUHQoDV SDUD RV DQLPDLV VH YL-

los vagando ao ermo, deve conduzi-ORVDRGRQRTXHpR /inimigo no tribunal. Os

DQLPDLVQmRSRGHPOHYDUDFXOSDSRUFDXVDGDGLIHUHQoDHQWUHGRLVLQGLYtGXRVTXHHVWmR HPMXt]R

v.5: Se vires jumento de odeia-WHUHFOLQDUHPEDL[RGHFDUJDGHOHHGHVLVWLUiVGH

DEDQGRQDUSRUHOHDEDQGRQDUDEDQGRQDUiVFRPHOH.

Aqui o jumento/ QmR HVWi SHUGLGR DTXL D VLWXDomR p RXWUD (VVH DQLPDO

SDUD HVFRDU R H[FHGHQWH SDUD WURFDU PHUFDGRULDV e XP DQLPDO TXH HVWi FDQVDGR GH

transportar cargas/ ¶? Sim! Ele reclina/ HPVLQDOGHFDQVDoR$VVLPTXHYHU XP DQLPDO QHVVDV FRQGLo}HV PHVPR VHQGR GR DGYHUViULR QR WULEXQDO QmR GHYH

abandona-lo, mas sim ajudar tal animal

$LJXDOGDGHMXUtGLFDQo portmR

-i YLPRV TXH D VLWXDomR VyFLR-HFRQ{PLFD GRV KRPHQV OLYUHV H SURSULHWiULRV GH

terra, fora do estado de empobrecimento, era diferente daqueles homens livres que ainda

SRVVXtDPWHUUDPDVTXHHVWDYDMiHPYLDVGHVHUSHUGLGDSRLVRVPHVPRVVHHQFRQWUDP QR HVWDGR GH HPSREUHFLPHQWR SRU GtYLGDV )RL H[SRVWR TXH HVVHV ~OWLPRV ILFDYDP HP GHVYDQWDJHP FRP UHODomR DRV SULPHLURV TXH SRGLDP XWLOL]DU GH PHLRV FRPR R IDOVR WHVWHPXQKR D IDOVD DFXVDomR D FDSLWDomR GH YRWRV H R VXERUQR WXGR LVVR SDUD TXH R

fraco e o pobre fossem enfraquecidos na possibilidade que ainda lhes restava de defender-se no tribunal.

1mRHUDPHQIUDTXHFLGRVQDSRVVLELOLGDGHGHLQLFLDURSURFHVVRPDVGHJDQKi-lo. $TXHOHV TXH DLQGD WLQKDP SRGHU HFRQ{PLFR SDUD DFHVVDU DTXHOHV PHFDQLVPRV FLWDGRV DFLPD QmR HUDP HVFUXSXORVRV DR SRQWR GH GHVLVWLU GHOHV (UD GLItFLO FRPSHWLU FRQWUD DOJXpP RX XP JUXSR TXH XWLOL]DYD GHVVHV PHLRV DLQGD PDLV TXH D FRQGLomR GRV SURSULHWiULRV GH WHUUD D FDPLQKR GR HPSREUHFLPHQWR HUD GH GtYLGDV 3RU LVVR QD KDYLD LJXDOGDGH MXUtGLFD QR SRUWmR LJXDOGDGH MXUtGLFD QR VHQWLGR GH TXH D IRUoD SROtWLFR- HFRQ{PLFD QmR HUD D PHVPD HQWUH SURSULHWiULRV GH WHUUD QmR HPSREUHFLGRV H DTXHOHV HPSREUHFLGRV DPERV SDUWLFLSDYDP GR SRUWmR PDV D IRUoD QmR HUD LJXDO 3RU LVVR HUD SRVVtYHO SHUYHUWHUWRUFHU R GLUHLWR GR IUDFRSREUH SRU SDUWH Gaqueles que tinham SRVVLELOLGDGHVHFRQ{PLFDVGHID]r-ORHPXPVLVWHPDDLQGDPXLWRIUiJLOSDUDFRQWURODUR SHUM~ULRRVXERUQRHRYRWRHPFRPXPDUWLFXODGRHPYLVWDVGDIUDXGH1mRpSRVVtYHO IDODUGHLJXDOGDGHGHIRUoDVGLDQWHGHVVDVLWXDomR

$ LQVWUXomR SDUHQpWLFD TXH RV ViELRV SURS}HP HP QRVVR WH[WR p XPD GHIHVD GR GDTXHODVSHVVRDVHPSREUHFLGDVSRUFDXVDGDVGtYLGDVHXPFXLGDGRSDUDFRPRDQLPDO SHUGLGR H R H[SORUDGR 1R PRPHQWR HP TXH RV ViELRV PRUDOL]DP D TXHVWmR GR IDOVR WHVWHPXQKRGDIDOVDDFXVDomRGRVXERUQRHWFRVPDLRUHVEHQHILFLDGRVVmRRVKRPHQV OLYUHVHPHVWDGRGHHPSREUHFLPHQWRTXHGLDQWHGRWULEXQDOQmRWLQKDPDPHVPDIRUoD HP UHODomR DRV KRPHQV OLYUHV IRUD GR HVWDGR GH HPSREUHFLPHQWR ,VVR indica que a UHODomRGHVVHVViELRVSURILVVLRQDLVQmRHUD~QLFDHH[FOXVLYDPHQWHGHVHUYLoRDFUtWLFRj FRUWHQDYHUGDGHRQRVVRWH[WRUHYHODHVVDDPELJLGDGHHPTXHSHVVRDVGDFRUWHLVWR pXPJUXSRGDHOLte DFDEDSRUGHIHQGHURHPSREUHFLGRSRUGHFLVmR SDUWLGiULDRXQmR$ QRVVDSHUtFRSHpXPµFyGLJRGHpWLFD¶SDUDRSRUWmRTXHEHQHILFLDDTXHOHVHQGLYLGDGRV HPSURFHVVRGHHVFUDYL]DomR1mRpOHLPDVWHPIRUoDOHJDODGHSHQGHUGHTXHPMXOJDU

que, por exemplo, que quem oprime um estrangeiro deve indenizi-OR FRPR DOJXpP

LQGHQL]DRGRQRGHXPERLTXHFDLXQXPSRoRDEHUWRSRUHVVHDOJXpP

2VViELRVHDOHJLVODomRHP,VUDHO

-iYLPRVTXHDQRVVDSHUtFRSHQmRpOHLTXHHODSHUWHQFHDRJrQHURGDLQVWUXomR HODpSDUrQHVHVHXREMHWLYRpSHUVXDGLURVKRPHQVOLYUHVDSDUWLUGHXPDGLVFXUVRpWLFR /RFDOL]DPRV HVVH JrQHUR HP PHLR DRV ViELRV GH ,VUDHO TXH D SDUWLU GR UHLQDGR GH 6DORPmR PDQWLYHUDP FRQWDWRV FRP R (JLWR H FRQVHTXHQWHPHQWH FRP HVVH WLSR GH OLWHUDWXUDTXHMiHVWDYDEHPGHVHQYROYLGDSRUOi-i TXHIRUDPRVViELRVTXHSURGX]LUDP DQRVVDSHUtFRSHFRPRREMHWLYRGHLQVWUXLUHWLFDPHQWHRVSDUWLFLSDQWHVGRSRUWmRDILP GH HYLWDU DV IUDXGHV TXH FDXVDYDP D DEVROYLomR GR FXOSDGR H FRQGHQDomR GR LQRFHQWH ,VVRLPSOLFDTXHRVViELRVHP,VUDHOPDQWLQKDP XPDUHODomRFRPRVLVWHPDMXGLFLiULR

3RGHPRVSHUFHEHULVVRDWUDYpVGH-HUHPLDVRQGHVHHQFRQWUDXPDGHQ~ncia a UHVSHLWRGHDOJXPDVSHVVRDVOLJDGDVDGHWHUPLQDGDVIXQo}HVSRUVXDLQILGHOLGDGH(QWUH

essas se encontra os /interpretes GDOHLTXH-HUHPLDVGL]QmRFRQKHFHUHP

D -DYp -i -HUHPLDV -9, denuncia a sabedoria dos escribas e diz que a pena dos HVFULEDV p IDOVD H HP -HUHPLDV HVWi UHJLVWUDGR TXH DRHVFULED compete dar

conselhos, instruir. Tais fragmentos nos informam que Jeremias tem dificuldades com

-DYp3DUHFHTXHHVWDPRVGLDQWHGHXPDFODVVHGHViELRVTXHWHPRSRGHUGHHVFUHYHUH HGLWDUWH[WRVGHSHVVRDVTXHWrPDFHVVRj literatura, j VXDSURGXomR-HUHPLDVGHQXQFLD TXH D VXD DWXDomR VREUH D LQVWUXomR GH -DYp p IDOVLILFDGRUD355 3RUpP VHUi que

todos os ViELRV DJLDP DVVLP" Ç[RGR - GL] R FRQWUiULR 1R HQWDQWR HVVDV

LQIRUPDo}HVHP-HUHPLDVGHPRQVWUDPTXHHVVDFDWHJRULD tinha o poder de reescrever a LQVWUXomR GH -DYp SRGLDP HVFUHYr-OD UHLQWHUSUHWi-OD H HGLWi-OD FRQIRUPH D FRQFHSomR TXH HOHV WLQKDP D UHVSHLWR GH FDGD LQVWUXomR GHVVDV 5HHVFUHYHU XPD LQVWUXomRtora p OLGDUFRPXPPDWHULDOTXHHVWiLQWLPDPHQWHOLJDGRFRPRSRUWmR

-i R YRFiEXOR WDPEpP LQGLFD D SUHVHQoD GH ViELRV SRLV XPD GH VXDV DFHSo}HV p µLQVWUXomR¶ H D LQVWUXomR GR ViELR p FRPR IRQWH GH YLGD 3URYpUELR  (P 'HXWHURQ{PLR 0RLVpV R OHJLVODGRU p DSUHVHQWDGR FRPR XP SURIHVVRU 'HXWHURQ{PLR    3RGHPRV YHU QHVVHV GHWDOKHV LQGtFLRV GH TXH RVViELRVTXHOLGDYDPFRPDLQVWUXomRPDQWrPXPDUHODomRFRPRVLVWHPDMXUtGLFR356

2QRVVRWH[WRPHVPRGHPRQVWUDHVVDOLJDomRTXHRVViELRVWrPFRPRSRUWmRH FRP R PXQGR MXUtGLFR GH ,Vrael. Eles podiam escrever leis, editar as mesmas e ao que

tudo indica, modificar-OKHV R FRQWH~GR D IDYRU GH VXD LQWHUSUHWDo}HV 0DV YHU DSHQDV

FRPR-HUHPLDVYLX TXHHOHV VyHGLWDPSDUD IDOVLILFDUVHULD XPD YLVmR SDUFLDO GRWRGR 1mR SRGHPRV FRQFRUGDU FRm Jeremias em tudo, porque o nosso texto pertence ao PXQGRGDVDEHGRULDHGDTXHOHVTXHHVWmRLQVHULGRVQHODGHIRUPDSURILVVLRQDO2QRVVR WH[WR GHPRQVWUD TXH D OLJDomR GRV ViELRV FRP R VLVWHPD MXGLFLiULR QmR HUD

necessariamente, para modificar as leis a IDYRU GRV SRGHURVRV 2 TXH WHPRV DOL p R

JrQHUR GD LQVWUXomR SHUVXDGLQGR RV SRGHURVRV $VVLP FRPR QHP WRGR SREUH p

inocente/ e justo/ Ç[RGR  QHP WRGDV DV SHQDV GRV HVFULEDV SURGX]HP

escritos falsos/ $OLJDomRGRVViELRVFRPRVLVWHPD MXGLFLiULRHUDDPEtJXDRTXH QmRIDYRUHFHHQ[HUJi-ORVDSHQDVDWUDYpVGRVyFXORVGH-HUHPLDV

355

Joseph Blenkinsopp, Sage, Priest, Prophet: Religious and Intellectual Leadership in Ancient Israel, Louisville, Westminster John Knox Press, 1995, p.39-40. (Library of Ancient Israel); Wisdom and Law in

the Old Testament: the Ordering of Life in Israel and Early Judaism, Oxford, Oxford University Press,

1995, p.9-17 (The Oxford Bible Series).

356

3.2.2 A LQVWUXomRpWLFDHDVXDIRUoDOHJDO

-iHVWiFODURTXHDQRVVDSHUtFRSHQmRpOHLQmRFDPLQKDFRPRDVOHLVTXHHVWmR

nos -iVHSHUFHEHXTXHHODQmRFDUUHJDVDQo}HVQmRSUHVFUHYHDUHVSHLWRGR

que deve acontecer D DOJXpP FXOSDGR PDV SUHVFUHYH D UHVSHLWR GR TXH DOJXpP GHYH

fazer GLDQWH GH GHWHUPLQDGDV VLWXDo}HV QR SRUWmR 3RU FRQWD GLVVR Mi VH GLVVH TXH HVVH

WLSR GH LQVWUXomR SHUVXDVLYD TXH SURFXUD LQIOXHQFLDU R FRPSRUWDPHQWR pWLFR GR LQGLYLGXRQRSRUWmRQmRWHULDIRUoDOHJDOSRLVGHSHQGHULDVRPHQWHGDDFHLWDomRGDTXHOH RX GDTXHOHV TXH SRU HOD VmR FRQIURQWDGRV357 6HULD UHIpP GD ERD YRQWDGH GDTXHOH µWX¶ GRVYHUVRV(VVDWHVHWDPEpPSRQWXDTXHDDXWRULGDGHSRUWUiVGRVWH[WRVQRFDVR-DYp QmRLQIOXHQFLDULDHPQDGDHVVDVGHWHUPLQDo}HVpWLFDVDSRQWRGHGDUDHODVIRUoDGHOHL SRUTXH -DYp FRP D VXD SURPHVVD GH FDVWLJR QmR SHUVXDGH QLQJXpP 0DV VHUi TXH D LQVWUXomRIXQFLRQDYDDVVLPPHVPR"6HUiTXHSRUVHUpWLFDHODQmRWHULDIRUoDOHJDO"

)UDQN&UVHPDQQ358GL]TXHRGLUHLWRQmRSRGHVHUGHILQLGRVRPHQWHDWUDYpVGD DYDOLDomRVHDVHQWHQoDFDUUHJDRXQmRVDQo}HVVHFDUUHJDGHWHUPLQDo}HVDUHVSHLWRGH LQGHQL]Do}HV (VVH DXWRU DILUPD TXH RV direitos, ao mesmo tempo em que comportam OHLV FDVXtVWLFDV FRPSRUWD OHLV DSRGtWLFDV WDPEpP IRUPXODGDV VHP VDQo}HV WDQWR QR

Antigo Oriente quanto nos  4XHP GHIHQGH D WHVH GH TXH D LQVWUXomR pWLFD QmR WHP IRUoD OHJDO HVWUDQKDPHQWH FRPSUHHQGH TXH Çxodo 23,1-3.6- p OHL H TXH

somente vv.4- VHULDP pWLFD -i YLPRV TXH HVVHV YHUVRV WDPEpP HVWmR GHQWUR GD

LQVWUXomR GR JrQHUR SDUHQpWLFR 6H D LQVWUXomR p pWLFD VHP IRUoD GH OHL WHULD TXH VHU FRQVHTXHQWH FRP D WHVH H HVWHQGr-OD D Ç[RGR -3.6-8. Seri TXH WRGRV REHGHFLDP j OHL GH OLEHUWDomR GRV HVFUDYRV DR VpWLPR DQR GHYROYHQGR-lhe a terra e dando-OKH JUmRV SDUDSODQWDUVySRUTXHHODFDUUHJDVDQo}HV"6HQmRTXDODGLIHUHQoDGHVVDOHLSDUDFRP UHODomR DTXHOD LQVWUXomR TXH GL] SDUD QmR SHUYHUWHU R GLUHLWR GR SREUH" 6DQo}HV QmR GHWHUPLQDPVHHVVDRXDTXHODVHQWHQoDpOHLQRVHQWLGRGRTXHWHPTXHVHUREHGHFLGR

2XWUDREMHomRDVHUIHLWDjWHVHGHTXHDLQVWUXomRpWLFDQmRWHPIRUoDOHJDOpQR TXH GL] UHVSHLWR D VXD DILUPDomR GH TXH -DYp FRPR DXWRULGDGH SRU WUiV GHVVDV OHLV DV

357

)UDQN&UVHPDQQ$7RUi, p.271-272. 358

HQIUDTXHFH QR TXH GL] UHVSHLWR D TXHVWmR GH VHUHP HQWHQGLGDV FRPR OHL $ ULJRU RV HRV&yGLJRV'HXWHURQ{PLFRHGH6DQWLGDGHVmROHLVGDGDVSRU-DYpHOHHVWi SRUWUiVGDVPHVPDVHPHVPRDVVLPHODVQmRSHUGHPVXDIRUoa legal. No caso de nossas GHWHUPLQDo}HV pWLFDV GH QRVVR SHTXHQR µFyGLJR GH pWLFD¶ D FRQGHQDomR GH TXHP H[SORUDXPHVWUDQJHLURGHSHQGHUiGHTXHPVHLPS}HQDKRUDGDVQHJRFLDo}HVQDSRUWD QmR DR IDWR GH VHUHP GHWHUPLQDo}HV pWLFDV GHSHQGHQWHV GH -DYp 6H DTXHOH µWX¶ MXOJDU TXH TXHP H[SORUD R HVWUDQJHLUR GHYH VHU GHFODUDGR FXOSDGR HOH DVVLP R IDUi 1mR p SRUTXH-DYppDDXWRULGDGHSRUWUiVGDLQVWUXomRpWLFDTXHHODQmRWHPIRUoDOHJDO359

1mR Ki UD]mR HQWmR SDUD VH UHDOL]DU XPD GLIHUHQFLDomR WmR UtJLGD Hntre direito GDpWLFDQR3ULPHLUR7HVWDPHQWRWUDEDOKDQGRFRPRVHRSULPHLURWLYHVVHPDLVIRUoDTXH

o segundo. Ambos podiam ser burlados no tribunal, ambos podiam ser desobedecidos e

DPERVSRGLDPUHFHEHUXPMXt]RDIDYRUGDVHQWHQoDRXFRQWUiULRDHOD

PoU ~OWLPR D FRPSDUDomR TXH )UDQN &UVHPDQQ360 ID] FRP XPD VLWXDomR PRGHUQD QR FDVR RV FyGLJRV SHQDLV UHFRQKHFLGDPHQWH FyGLJRV QR VHQWLGR SOHQR H D GHFODUDomR GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV TXH QmR GHVIUXWD GHVVH VWDWXV GH VHU UHFRQKHFLGR FRPRXPFyGLJROHJDODQtYHOQDFLRQDOFRPROHLGHXPHVWDGRPDVTXHPHVPRDVVLPp XWLOL]DGR ODGR D ODGR FRP RV RXWURV FyGLJRV TXDQGR LQGLYtGXRV JUXSRV RX QDo}HV

violam os direitos humanos.

3.3.3 O direito dos mais fracos HPÇxodo 23,1-9

4XDQGR RV ViELRV SURFXUDP LQWHUYLU QD VLWXDomR DQWLpWLFD HP TXH VH HQFRQWUD R SRUWmR HOHV DFDEDP SRU LQWHUYLU D IDYRU GRV PDLV IUDFRV WDQWR GR KRPHP OLYUH HP

estado de empobrecimento como de animais.361 6mR HOHV FRPR Mi YLPRV RV TXH VDHP

perdendo, quando os mais poderosos decidem usar do falso testemunho, do suborno, da

FDSWDomRGHYRWRVDVHXIDYRUHQILPGDSHUYHUVmRGRGLUHLWRGRSREUH 359 )UDQN&UVHPDQQA Tori, p.273. 360 )UDQN&UVHPDQQA Tori, p.274-276. 361 (PQRVVDLQWHUSUHWDomRÇ[RGRQmRUHIOHWHXPDVLWXDomRGHGHVSUH]RDRSREUHRXDOJRSDUHFLGR SRUSDUWHGRVViELRVPDVVLPRHPSHQKRHPTXHQRWULEXQDOLQRFHQWHVQmRVHMDPFRQGHQDGRVHFXOSDGRV QmRVHMDPLQRFHQWDGRV

4XDO R FRQWH~GR GHVVH IDOVR WHVWHPXQKR" 2 QRVVR WH[WR QmR p FODUR D UHVSHLWR GLVVR SRGHPRV DSHQDV SRVWXODU TXH HOH FDPLQKDYD GH DFRUGR FRP D TXHVWmR Hm

processo, ou seja, se tratava da terra, o falso testemunho tinha que se articular nessa

GLUHomR$VVLP WDPEpP FRP UHODomR D RXWUDV TXHVW}HV $ SHVVRD SUHMXGLFDGD FRP LVVR SRGHULDVHURHPSREUHFLGRSRUFRQWDGHGtYLGDVPDVWDPEpPDOJXpPFRPSRVVHVFRPR

no caso de Nabot (1Rs 21,1-16). O falso testemunho podia prejudicar a ambos. Mas por

TXH HQWmR HP QRVVR WH[WR R IDOVR WHVWHPXQKR SUHMXGLFD R HPSREUHFLGR" 6HJXLQGR D QRVVDKLSyWHVHDUHVSHLWRGDLQIOXrQFLDSROtWLFR-HFRQ{PLFDTXHDPXGDQoDGRWULEDOLVPR

para a monarquia exerceu sobre a sociedade, e consequentemente sobre o sistema

MXUtGLFR LVWR p TXH HVVD PXGDQoD DSURIXQGRX DV GHVLJXDOGDGHV VRFLDLV TXH Mi HVWDYDP

sendo gestadas dentro do tribalismo, enriquecendo ainda mais os agricultores livres, criadores GHJDGRHRVIXQFLRQiULRVGRUHLHHPSREUHFHQGRDLQGDPDLVDTXHOHVTXHHVWmR

VH HQGLYLGDQGR H GHVSURWHJLGRV SHOD VROLGDULHGDGH FOkQLFD SRVWXODPRV TXH DV YtWLPDV SUHIHULGDV HUDP HVWHV DJULFXOWRUHV HPSREUHFLGRV TXH FRP LVVR FRPR Mi YLPRV DQWHULRUPHQWH QmR SRVVXtD D PHVPD IRUoD QR WULEXQDO 3URFXUD-se perverter o direito GHVVHV SREUHV ,VVR WDPEpP SURFHGH FRP UHODomR DR VXERUQR j IDOVD DFXVDomR H j

maioria.

7RUQDU R IDOVR WHVWHPXQKR D IDOVD DFXVDomR R XQLU-se j maioria e o suborno

como comportamentos iPRUDLV VRFLDOPHQWH H UHOLJLRVDPHQWH UHSURYiYHLV p LU DR

HQFRQWURGHVVHVHPSREUHFLGRVDVPDLRUHVYtWLPDVGHVVHVLVWHPDH[SURSULDGRUDVHUYLoR GHVVD HOLWH e EXVFDU DVVHJXUDU D SUHVHUYDomR GR GLUHLWR SDUD DTXHOHV TXH DLQGD WrP

direitos e proteger aqueles TXH QmRSRVVXHPGLUHLWR1RVVDSHUtFRSHWRUQD-VHHQWmRR direito dos sem direito, o direito dos fracos, magros, daqueles em processo de

HVFUDYL]DomR H GRV HVWUDQJHLURV p PHVPR XPD WHQWDWLYD GH VHQVLELOL]DU RV OLWLJDQWHV D QmRWUDWDUHPRDQLPDOSHUGLGR e o animal explorado com desprezo e insensibilidade.

Nem sempre os que escreviam, editavam e reinterpretavam textos, os que

HGXFDYDPHLQVWUXtDPPRUDOPHQWHDFRUWHHVWDYDPDVHUYLoRGDFRUWHHGHVHXVSURMHWRV e SUHFLVR VHU FRQVHTXHQWH FRP HVVDV DPELJidades, e tentarmos ser honestos com ela. 2V ViELRV DTXHOHV TXH OLGDYDP FRP HVVD LQVWUXomR pWLFD TXH GLDORJDYDP FRP HVVH JrQHUR YLQGR GR (JLWR GHIHQGHP DTXL HP Ç[RGR -9, D MXVWLoD QR SRUWmR 2V TXH WrPSRGHUQmRQHFHVVDULDPHQWHHVWmRGRODGRGRVTXe usam o poder para oprimir.

&RQVLGHUDo}HVDRFDStWXOR

Interpretamos os nossos versos e percebemos que eles se dirigem ao homem

OLYUH TXH WHP GLUHLWR GH SDUWLFLSDU GD FRPXQLGDGH MXUtGLFD QR SRUWmR QR FDVR jTXHOH VXMHLWR SURQRPLQDO µWX¶ GRV YHUVRV (OH DR UHFRUUHU DRV PHFDQLVPRV GH SHUYHUVmR GR GLUHLWRHRSUHVVmRGRSREUHQHVVHFDVRDRVXERUQRRIDOVRWHVWHPXQKRDPDLRULDHWF DFDED SRU SUHMXGLFDU R HPSREUHFLGR DTXHOD SHVVRD TXH VH HQFRQWUD YXOQHUiYHO QR SRUWmR TXH DLQGD SRGH SDUWLFLSDU GH XP SURFHVVR TXH SRGH DWp PHVPR LQLFLDU XP SURFHVVR PDV TXH D VXD FRQGLomR HFRQ{PLFD DFDED SRU LQIOXHQFLDU GHFLVLYDPHQWH QD

luta entre o projeto dos opressores e o dele de se defender. Lutar contra o falso

WHVWHPXQKRDIDOVDDFXVDomRDPDLRULDHWFQDFRQGLomRGHHPSREUHFLGRWRUQD-se uma

luta desigual. O pobre enquanto LQRFHQWH HP XP SURFHVVR p R PDLRU SUHMXGLFDGR QHVVDUHODomRGHIRUoDVDSRQWRGHVHUFRQGHQDGRLQMXVWDPHQWHHDWpPHVPRUHFHEHUD

pena capital.

8PDLQVWUXomRpWLFDTXHSURFXUDPRUDOL]DURFRPSRUWDPHQWRQRWULEXQDOLVWRp

que busca coibir o uso do falso testemunho, da maioria, do suborno, etc. torna-se uma

GHIHVD GR HPSREUHFLGR SRLV HOH p D PDLRU YtWLPD GR XVR GR VLVWHPD MXUtGLFR SDUD VH

praticaU D RSUHVVmR $TXHOHV TXH DJHP DVsim LVWR p PRUDOL]DQGR R SRUWmR FRP XP

SHTXHQR µFyGLJR GHpWLFD¶ GHIHQGHP R HPSREUHFLGR SRU RSomR RX QmR 1R HQWDQWR R IDWR GH VXD LQWHUYHQomR QR SRUWmR VHU DWUDYpV GH LQVWUXomR pWLFD H QmR SRU PHLR GH VHQWHQoDVTXHFDUUHJDPVDQo}HVQmRGLPLQXLDIRUoDOHJDOTXHHVVDVLQVWUXo}HVSRGHP WHU$TXHOHVTXHMXOJDPpTXHYmRGHFLGLUVHTXHPSRUH[HPSORRSULPHRHVWUDQJHLUR GHYH LQGHQL]i-OR GLJDPRV $ LQVWUXomR pWLFD QmR GHL[D GH WHU IRUoD OHJDO SRUTXH p LQVWUXomR$DGRomRQRSRUWmRSRUSDUWHGRVSDUWLFLSDQWHVpTXHYDLGHFLGLU(QmRRIRL DVVLPFRPRVFDVXtVPRV"1mRIRUDPFRQVHQVRVFRQVWUXtGRVQRSRUWmR"

2VViELRVTXHHVWmRSRUWUiVGHQRVVDSHUtFRSHWDOYH]VHMDPXPSHTXHQRJUXSR XPD PLQRULD HP VHX JUXSR VRFLDO SRLV VDEHPRV TXH RV ViELRV SURILVVLRnais estavam a VHUYLoR GR VLVWHPD PRQiUTXLFR362

362

Joseph Blenkinsopp, Sage, p.28-32.

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