TUl~ nkulungo

In the sentence [Tull ku _mal~lo. ], why does [rna]

have high tone?

? ? ?

I

e

^{T_---==:J1 1}

Tu ~ ...u rna ~a o.

[Because i t is within a marked sequence. ]

We're at a cemetery.

39-r

In the sentence [Tull ku malaalo. ], why does the syllable

/10/

have high tone?

? ? ?

[Rule for a sequence of unmarked syllables at the end of a word. ]

TUl~

masauuanzira. We're at an intersection.

[11 kU]

41-

^r

,,,

" " , " "

The sentence [Tul~ ku masaUlJanz ira.] has

7

consecutive unmarked syllables at the end of it. The rule for a series of unmarked syllables says that all but the first should be high. Why aren't [kuJ and [rna] high in this sentence?

? ? ?

[Because USR begins to apply only when there are two unmarked syllables within the ~ word. ]

.2. Here are the names of some places in or near Kampala.

The marked syllables have been underlined. write the

diactitics. (Spellings, where they disagree with pronuncia-tion, are in round brackets.)

Nnakivubo Makeerere

-

-Kibuli

The name of another place in Kampala is Luzira.

What are the tones?

... , ....

Luzira. Luzira.^{... , ...} Luzira.^{, , ....}

[a ]

The tones [Luzira] imply:

Luzir~. Luzira. neither of these

[cJ

The marking [Luzir~. ] would stand for the tones [Luzira], by ^MSR

[ ' o f ... ]

LUZ1ra , by DR

[ , 'f " ]

LUZ1ra , by USR

[b]

In order to conform to the tone rules, [L~ziri.] must be marked [Luzi-ra.] The hyphen means [Luzi] and [raJ are pronounced as though they were closely linked but separate words.

What tones are implied by the marking [A-mereka. ]?

Amereka.

[c ]

The second syllable of [ova·] 'you come from' is normally pronounced with mora(s).

one two

[a]

The second syllable in [Ava· mu Uganda. J 'he comes from uganda' is pronounced with only one mora because:

[. J is a symbol for shortness

the syllable [va·

J

is followed by word boundary

[b

J

In [ova·w~] 'where do you come from?' there is no word boundary after [va·]. This syllable is now pronounced with mora(s).

one two

[b]

~l

:--' Another place in Kampala is [Wandegeya]. What are its tones?

[a ]

52

- r

The pronunciation [W~~d~gey~.] might be marked:

Wandegeya. Wandegeya. neither of these [c ]

53

The marking [Wandegeya. ] would give the tones:

[b]

The marking [Wandegeya.

J

would give the tones:

[wandegeya.

J,

[wandegeya.

J,

[wandegeya. ]

by DR by MSR

[b]

The proper marking for the word is [wandegey~.].

This involves an extension of MSR (cf. Series F, Frame to cover a series of consecutive marked syllables that run up to the end of a phrase. Before [ . ], the last byllable of the series has high tone.

)

What tones would be implied by the marking [batandise.]?

, " , A

batandise.

[a ]

Tu1i 1ugda+w~ Where are we?

Tu1 i Kibu1 i . Tu1i Luzi-r~.

We're at Kibu1i.

Predict the tones in [Tu1i Kibu1i. J

" I / ^{I ')}

[Ty1~ K~by1~. ]

Why is [Ki] high in [T~li Kib~li. J?

[Because i t is within a marked sequence. ]

Series I.

New items in this series are the juncture symbols [ / ] and [

# ],

and comma intonation.

Tuli ludda+w~

Tuli Kibuli.

Tuli Luzi-r~.

-127-Where are we?

We're at Luzira.

Is Kibuli a hill?

Kibuli kasozi?

[- -( -)"' ]

Yee.

[-

- ^- - -

^{'\ ]}

Nedda.

[a]

[ - - - -

/,

^]

[b]

In the question [Kibuli

I

kasozi?], there is a marked syllable in each word. Yet the syllables [Ii] and [ka] are low. There is no 'marked sequence' from [bu] through [so].

This kind of boundary is marked by the symbol

[I].

The rule for marked sequences does not apply across the boundary between the subject of a sentence and the rest of the sentence.

In this respect, [I] is like [+] (Series H).

-128-Rubaga /

kk.Qmer~?

Is Rubaga a prison?

Yee.

7

-r

[b]

The symbol/in [Rubaga / kkomer~?] means, among other things:

That either of the two words may come first.

That MSR does not operate between the two words.

That the syllable [ga] has high tone.

[b]

In the sentence (Rubaga / kkomera?], why is no marked sequence formed between [ba] and [ko]?

Because [Rubaga] is the subject of the sentence.

Because the second word begins with a double consonant.

(a ]

Mulago / kasozi?

Is Mulago a hill?

Is Mulago a hill?

11:-(" :::>

Mulago.

c:: ">

Mulago / kasozi.

Yee.

-130-Nedda.

[a ]

[Millage. ]

Mulago is a hill.

[Millago]

Here is another important fact about the boundary between the subject of a sentence and the word ·that

begins the predicate. A series of unmarked syllables be before this boundary are all low:

In this respect,

[I]

differs from [+] (Series

H).

This place name has no marked moras. Predict its tones in its citation form:

Nnakasero.

[Nnakaser6. ]

Kampala / kibuga?

Is Kampala a city?

Yee.

-131-Nedda.

[a

J

Kampala / kibuga.-

-

-[ - -[ J- - _ ]

[ -

-

^...

_J

Kampala is a city.

[ - - - - - _ J

[b

J

[

- - "

^{] [}

^-

^]

[a

J

Here is one more interesting fact about the

[I]

boundary between subject and predicate. Where the citation form in statement intonation would have a final falling tone [ ^{A ] ,} the last syllable of the subject is high level:

Put the symbol ( / ) into each of these phrases if i t is needed.

ekibuga kino Kino kibuga.

-132-this city

This is a city.

(not needed) Kino / kibuga.

Predict the tones of the place names in these sentences. (Marked syllables have been underlined.) Luzi-ra / kkomera.

- -

-Kibuli / kasozi.

Makeerere / ssomero kkulu.

Nnakivubo / mugga.

Ntinda / kasozi.

Kolol,Q / kasozi.

Rubaga / miisane.

Wandeqeya

Kibuli /

kasozi, oba /

ssomero? ^541f#-

-[Luzira]

Is Kibuli a hill, or a school?

Kasozi.

Ssomero.

[a ]

-133-We have already seen that there is a difference between statement intonation and yes-no question in-tonation:

Kasozi. [

- ^{- -}

^{] Kasozi? [ - ~ "\ ]}

In the sentence [Kibuli / kasozi, oba / ssomero?] we hear a third modification of the pitches of [kasozi]:

k . [ _ _ J]

. . . asozl,

We will call this the 'comma intonation'. It is on a par with 'full stop', or 'period' intonation [ . ] and with yes-no question intonation [ ? ].

Luzi-ra / ddwaliro, ob

s /

kkomera?-

-Ddwaliro.

Kk.Q.mer~.

-134-Is Luzira a hospital, or a prison?

[b]

What is Luzira?

Mugga.

Kkomera.

[b]

Tul i Makeerere.' Makeerere / kye kjj

Kkanisa.

Ssomero kkulu.

-135-We're at Makerere.

What is Makerere?

[b]

Tuli Ntinda? Are we at Ntinda?

Yee, tuli Ntinda.

Nedda, tuli Kololo.

[a]

Gano / malaalo oba /

kizannyiro?

Kizannyiro.

Malaalo.

[a]

-136-Lino /

tterekero,

_ /

malaalo?

Yee oba

[b]

Observe the following phrases containing the

juncture [

# ],

and try to figure out its characteristics.

akasozi

kino

ennyanja # _ eno

kano

lino

-137-this hill gano

this lake guno

[b]

[a]

31:-akasozi # kano.

[ -

-omugga

#

guno.

] [ - - - ]

[a ]

this river

[ - - " - - - J

ekizannyiro

#

kino.

[ -

-.- _- )

[b]

this playing field

[b

J

The last syllable in [ennyanja # eno. ] is high because:

USR applies to the word /eno./.

i t is preceded by

#.

[a ]

amalaalo

#

gano.

-138-this cemetery

[b]

USR to the syllables before the juncture marker

#.

does not apply

juncture symbols

[a]

[b

J

The symbols . ? are

___________ across

#

to unmarked

40:-intonation markers

-.. , IJ!" " , ,

amasa~~anzira

#

gano.

The action of USR

syllables that follow it.

extends

-139-juncture markers

" , ,,~ " , , , " ,

amasaqganzira # gano.

does not extend

raJ

[b]

[b]

eddwaliro

#

^lino.

Akasozi

#

kano / kali

ku~i / n'e-nnyanja.

[a ]

This hill is near the lake.

One would expect the tones of [kano] in this sentence to be:

[c]

In the preceding sentence, the tones of [kano] are [k~n;]

because:

USR does not apply before [ / ].

[kano] is the second word in the sentence.

[a ]

-140-Series J.

In this series you meet the linking element

In'-I

'and, with'. The verb stem

I-Iii

^is

introduced, always in combination with a 'subject concord. '

1:-fukizannyiro

#

... "I -("

k~no k1:.ri kumpl

I

n'e-sltenseni

-

-The new word in this sentence is:

esitenseni

-141-leerwe

[a ]

Ekizannyiro

#

kin~ ^{/ kiri} k~~i ^/

n'~-sit~~s~ni ya leerwe?

Is this playing field near the railway station?

3

Yee. Nedda.

[a ]

Ekizannyiro

#

_ _ no / ri kU!!!pi naki?

What is this playing field near?

ka ka ka ki

-142-ki ki

[c]

,

^{/ / / ( '}

Ekizanny~ro

#

, \ . ( I

k~no / _k.!.r~

/ / "

"

⁽

kU!!!pi nak~1

What is this

/ /~ playing field near?

Kiri k~~l ^/ n'~sit~~s~ni ^ya leerw~.

Kiri k~~i ^/ n'~-~s;rn~r; ~kk~l~.

[a

J

Corresponding to English 'near', these sentences have:

kU.!!lPi / na

[bJ

-143-7

-r

" .... , "

Akasozi # kano / k~li k~~l n~ki1

Kali k~~l ^/ n'~-~ny~~j~.

Kali ku~l / n'e-sitenseni ya leerwe.

[b]

The word [kali] ' i t (Cl. 12) is located' is spelled with

[1],

but [kiri] ' i t (Cl. 7) is located' is spelled with [r] because:

-actually, two different verb stems are involved.

-the choice between

[1]

and [r] depends on the preceding vowel.

[b]

Omugga / _ _lUdda+w~

guli

-144-guri

Where is the lake?

[a]

9-r

Edduuka / _ludda+w~

eli

Where is the shop?

eri

[b]

This prison is near the lake.

11

[ -

] ^{[ - e _} ] [ - e - _ ]

[b]

12

The symbol/between _[ku~i] and [n'e-nnyanja]

means, in part:

that [k~i] is the subject and [n'~-nnyanja] is the verb.

that MSR does not operate between these two words.

[If you had trouble here, look again at Series I, Frame

4. ]

[b]

The symbols [ / ] and [

# ]

are tone marks

stand for tone rules

limit the application of the tone rules

[c ]

-145-MSR between /n'~ and /nnyanja/.

applies does not apply

[a

J

Akas6z1 # kana What is this

kali ku£pl hill near?

nakij

~

•'n

K~ll ku~l / n'~-~ny~~j~.

Kall ku~l / ~'6-rn~gga.

[a]

kurnpi / n'e-ssornero ekkulu.

A sozi

#

_ n o /

ka ki ka

I i

ka ka ka

-146-This hill is near the university.

ka ki ki

[b]

c::::>

kU~1 / n'e-kikko

ku~i / n'e-kikko

[ - - C

~-]

near a valley

J

^{[ -}

-k~~l / n'~-mas~nn~n~i~a

( J]

(i.e. high tones on the same level with one another) (i.e. last series of high tones

down a step)

[b]

When a low tone comes between two high tones, the high tone that follows i t is a bit lower in pitch than the high tone that precedes. (This has been true all along, but we have not needed to call attention to i t

until now.) A series of alternating tones would therefore have the following pitch pattern:

]

-147-write the pitches on [enkulungo. J

21

? ?

[ - - _ - J

?

(be sure pitch on 4th syllable is lower than pitch on 2nd syllable) .

22:-True or false: A high tone at the end of a long sentence may be on a lower pitch than a low tone at the beginning of the same sentence.

[True.

J

Kiri kumpi n'e-ssomero.

[ - - - - -

C~

)]

J

[

-o ]

[a ]

The pitch downstep in [n'e-ssomero.] between /ne/

and

/50/

is due to the low tone of

/55/

that comes

between them. The low tone has this effect even though i t is itself inaudible.

-148-,

^{\ / ,}

'" '"

Aroalaalo # gano

~

'"

^{/ / ...}

/ gali ku~i

n~k{~

What is this cemetery near?

G~li k{;~l ^/ ;;f~-k~s~zl.

Gali k~~l ^/ ;;f~-sit~~s~ni ya poliisi.

[b]

A _ Iaalo

# _

no / lUdda+w~

ka ga ga

Ii

rna rna rna

-149-Where is this cemetery?

rna ga ga

[c ]

What is i t near?

Ekiz~~nyir;

#

kln~

/

^kiri

k~~l

/

n'~~~k~l~~g;, oba

kiri

kUEJ,Pi

n'~-kkomera?

28

Klrl ku:fupl / n^I e-kk9.mera . Klrl kUfupl / n'e-nkulungo.

[a ]

Why is the syllable /ma/ high in [n'a-malaalo]?

[MSR applies between marked moras in /nl~ and /malaalo/].

When the connective rna] 'and ' is used before a word that begins with an initial vowel, the vowel of

the connective agrees with the initial vowel. The length of both vowels is preserved:

na

+

^{omugga ~} n o-mugga^I (pronounced [noomugga ]) na

+

^{ekikko ~n'~-kikko} (pronounced [ neek lJ<ko ] ) na

+

^akasozi~

-

n l a-kasozi

- -

(pronounced [ naakasoz

1 ] )

Before a double consonant, the vowel is of course pronounced short:

na + essomero ~ n^I essomero

31

write long vowels double and check your answers with the column at the right:

Pronounced:

na

+

^enkulungo

--.

? [ neenkulungo ] na

+

^{oluguudo --... ?} [nooluguudo]

na

+

^{edduuka ---.. ? [nedduuka]}

na

+

^{eddwaliro ~ ?} [ neddwal iro ] na

+

amalwaliro --.- ? [naamalwaaliro]

na

+

^{ekkomera ~ ?} [nekkomera]

For purposes of calculating tones, the initial vowel is reckoned with the connective, and not with the noun:

" , " "

naa-masaqqanzira and not:

+ ... ... ...

na-amasaIJqanzira

It is of course written [n'amasaqganzira] in the official spelling system.

The high tone of [n~] forms a marked sequence with the first marked syllable of the noun that follows it:

n'~kk~r~ziY~

-151-The phrase Ina/ plus /ekizimbe/ is pronounced

//

~

(' " I I

[ne£-kl.zl.mbe]. Why does the syllable ki have high tone?

33

? ? ?

[MSR]

/ / I ( / "

In [nee-kl.zl.mbe], why does the first mora of the first syllable have high tone?

- for euphony

-because when the second mora of a long vowel is marked, the whole vowel is high

-because i t precedes a marked sequence

[b

J

-152-/ '\ / 1 I I

In the expression [n'e-klzannYlro], why does [ki]

have low tone?

-Because the [e] does not count as a part of the sequence of unmarked syllables; the [e] is now reckoned with the connective.

-Because the low tone on [ki] must be preceded by a high tone.

[a]

n'e-kizannyiro

[ - - - ] [ - - - ]

[c

J

IN MANY OF THE FOLLOWING FRAMES, YOU WILL NEED TO REFER TO THE MAP OF UGANDA.

40:

Entebbe / nsi, oba / kibuga?

Buganda / ns!, oba / kibuga?

-153-Is Entebbe a country, or a town?

Nsi.

[a ]

Is Buganda a country, or is i t a town?

Nsi.

[b

J

~ . - - l , - - --'-"-_

o 25 ~,O KdoMders

o 25

Iii, ,',', ' , i _ _ _I Railroad

-154-In [ ... oba / kibuga?] 'or is i t a town', the symbol [ / ] means, in part:

-that MSR does not apply between [ba] and [bu]

-that [oba] is a conjunction

-that DR does not apply between the two words.

[a ]

Bunyoro / kibuga, oba / nsi?

Jjinja / nsi, oba / kibuga?

Is Bunyoro a town, or is i t a country?

Nsi.

Is Jinja a country, or a town?

[b]

[a]

mu nsi

[

-"

^]

in the country [ - " ]

[b]

The locative particle [mu] has a short vowel, but when i t is followed by a nasal plus another consonant, i t is lengthened just as if i t were in the same word:

ku nkulungo [

-

-155-]

Series K.

The juncture symbol [+], and 'relative' forms with the verb stem [-Ii]. Refer to the map on page

152.

Kabale / kibuga.

Kabale / kiri rou nsi

Buganda.

Kigezi.

2:-[b]

Kabale kibuga ekiri mu nsi

Buganda.

Kigezi.

-156-Kabale is a town that is in the country [of]

[b]

Kabale kibuga ri mu

is a town which is in the country [of] Kigezi.

[ ekl.rl." 'f .. ]

The form [ekiri] is [kiri] plus the appropriate initial vowel [e-]. The form [kiri], which can stand by itself as the only verb in the sentence, is called 'indicative'. The form [ekiri], which cannot stand by itself, is called 'relative'. (Remember that with nouns also, i t is the form without initial vowel that can stand by itself: [Mugga.] ' I t is a river.')

Nakivubo mugga oguli mu kibuga

Entebbe.

-157-Nakivubo is a river which is in the

city [of]

Kampala.

[b]

8:-Nakivubo / mugga Ii mu kibuga Kampala.

aka

•.. mu kibuga.

ogu

Nakibubo is a river that is in the city

[of] Kampala.

eki

[b

J

[

-ensi + Buganda.

J [ - - - _ J

[b

J

the country [of]

Buganda.

[ - - - ]

ekyalo + Kibuli.

[ - - - J

the village of Kibuli.

[a]

12

The appositive construction [ensi Buganda], [ekyalo Kibuli] contains the juncture marker

[+].

USR may extend across [+] to include unmarked syllables that follow it:

In [ekyalo + Kibuli.], the syllable [ki] is high because:

- i t is the last syllable of an unmarked sequence that begins with [ekyalo].

-it is within a marked sequence.

[a]

MSR does not extend across

[+]:

. 0 .

ensl. + Kl.gezl.

essomero + oekkulu

-159-the country [ofJ Kigezi

a university

Why is the first syllable of [ekkulu] high in [~ss;m~r; + _~kk~l~. ]?

-Because i t is in a marked sequence.

- Because the unmarked sequence of [essomero]

extends across the

[+].

[b]

Nnakasero / kasozi + _____ Ii + mu kibuga +

Kampal~.

Nakasero is a hill that is in the city [ofJ Kampala.

aka ogu eki

[a]

19

c: >

Nnakasero / kasozi + akali + mu kibuga

+

Kampal~.

writing [+] between [kasozi] and [akali] means, in part, that:

-the last vowel of [kasozi] must not be merged with the first vowel of [akali].

-USR does not apply

-MSR does not extend across the boundary between these two words.

[c]

-160-20 Predict the tones in [omugga + oguli ... J 'a river

In [Nnakasero / kasgzl. ], why does [NnakaseroJ have all low tones?

?

Makerere / ssomero kkulu + _ _ _ + mu kibuga + Ka!!!pala.

? ?

[Because i t is unmarked and stands before [/J.]

Makerere is a university that is in the city [ofJ Kampala.

akali oguli eriri

[cJ

Why do [akali] and [oguli) have [lJ in the last syllable, but [eriri] has [r]?

[[r] is written following

[e,i]i

[1] is written elsewhere.]

-161-25

Ennyanja + Nnalubaale / eri mu Afirika?

Yee.

Ennyanja + Nnalubaale / mu Afirika.

Nedda.

Is Lake Victoria in Africa?

[a ]

Lake Victoria is in Africa.

ekali eriri eri

[c ]

Ennyagja

+

Nnalubaale /

C ---:>

eri mu Afirika.

Nnal~aale / nnyanja +

C ~

eri + mu Afirika.

Lake Victoria is in Africa.

[eri mu]

Victoria is a lake which is in Africa.

[eri mu]

In the next few frames, no tonal indications are written. Continue to use tones aloud, however.

Nsambya kasozi, oba mugga? Is Nsambya a hill, or river?

Kasozi. Mugga. [a]

Nsambya ne Nakasero busozi, oba migga?

Busozi.

Nakivubo mugga.

Kitante mugga.

Nakivubo ne Kitante

mugga migga

Are Nsambya and Nakasero hills, or rivers?

Migga.

[a]

Nakivubo is a river.

Kitante is a river.

Nakivubo and Kitante are rivers.

busozi

[b]

Bino These are playing

fields.

kizannyiro bizannyiro

[b

J

-163-Toro ne Teso nsi, oba bibuga?

Nsi.

Mbale ne Jjinja nsi, oba bibuga?

Nsi.

Bunyoro ne Busoga ziri rou Uganda?

Yee.

Kenya eri rou Uganda?

Yee.

Are Toro and Teso

countries, or towns?

[aJ

Are Mbale and Jinja countries, or cities?

[b]

Are Bunyoro and Busoga in Uganda?

[a]

Is Kenya in Uganda?

[b]

Ankole ne Lang'o ziri rou

Uganda

Ankole ne Lang'o

----rou Uganda.

ziri

Mbale ne Jjinja bibuga rou Uganda.

eri

Ankole and Lang'o are in

Buganda

[aJ

Ankole and Lang'o are in Uganda.

guli

[a ]

Mbale and Jinja are cities that are in Uganda.

eziri

Acholi ne Kigezi nsi rou Uganda.

eziri

ebiri biri

[b]

Acholi and Kigezi are countries that are in Uganda.

ebiri

[a ]

-165-40

The forms [kali, biri, guli] etc. are called while [akali, ebili, oguli] are called __

----,

indicative, relative

Kampala / kiri mu makkati g'e-nsi + Uganda?

Yee.

Kampala / kiri makkati g' e-nsi + Uganda.

mu

Kampala / kiri mu makkati _ _ _ nsi + Uganda.

relative, indicative

raJ

Is Kampala in the middle of the

country [ofJ Uganda?

Nedda.

[a]

Kampala is in the center of the

country [of] Uganda.

ku

[a

J

Kampala is in the center of the

country lofJ Uganda.

m'e- g'e-

y'e-[b

J

-166-Mbale / kiri mu buvanjuba bw'e-nsi

+

Uganda?

Yee.

C - 0)

Mu buvanjuba.

Is Mbale in the east of the country [ofJ Uganda?

Nedda.

[a]

47

In [m~ b~v~~j~b~ b'w~-~si.], the syllable [ju] is high because of:

DR

Mbale kiri mu buvanjuba nsi + Uga,gda.

g'e-USR

bw'e-MSR

[c

J

Mbale is in the east of the country [of]

Uganda.

b'e-[b]

-167-~o:-.-/

52:

Mbale kiri mu kitundu+ki mu Uganda?

Kiri mu buvanjuba.

Kiri mu makkati.

Mu kitundu+ki mu Uganda;!~

Fort Portal kiri mu buvanjuba, oba kiri mu bugwanjuba?

Kiri mu buvanjuba.

Kiri mu bugwanjuba.

What part of Uganda is Mbale in? ('Mbale is in what part in Uganda?)

raJ

[ndu ki]

Is Fort Portal in the east, or is i t in the west?

[b)

[Fort portal] takes the ki concord (as in [kiriJ because i t is a city ([kibugaJ).

Gulu kiri mu makkati, oba kiri mu mambuka?

Kiri mu makkati.

Kiri mu mambuka.

Which is correct?

Is Gulu in the center, or is i t in the north?

[b]

55

mu mambuka. mu mambuka. mu mambuka.

[aJ

[Gulu] takes the form [kiri], and not [guli] because:

-it is a member of the gu class.

-it is a noun of the ki class -it is a city ([kibugaJ).

[c

J

Kigezi eri mu mambuka, oba eri mu maserengeta?

Is Kigezi in the north, or is i t in the south?

mu maserengeta. mu mas~rengeta.

-169-mu maserengeta.

[b

J

[Kigezi] takes the concordial prefix [e-] and not [ki-] in this sentence because:

-it is a noun of the ki class -it is a country ([ensi])

-it is an exception

[b]

Hoima kiri kumpi na kibuga+kij

Kiri kumpi ne Kampala.

Kiri kumpi ne Masindi.

What town is Hoima near?

[b]

Eno nsalo, oba mugga?

) KARAMOJA

~"

_._j \

\... Mor~ ^{" ,}

Is this a boundary, or a river?

Nsalo,

-170-Mugga.

[a]

With an initial vowel, the word for 'border' would be:

ensalo ansalo onsalo

[aJ

Eno nsalo ya

UGANDA~

What countries is

nsi+kij this the border

(1\

^{ButNO of?}

~ENYA

\

_•

_-~

_su

i !

_..__.._ ..1- i _.. ,

Nsalo ya Kongo ne Uganda.

Nsalo ya Kenya ne Uganda.

[b

J

Mbale kiri kumpi n'e-nnyanja, oba kiri kumpi n'e-nsalo ya Kenya?

Kiri kumpi n'e-nsalo ya Kenya.

Kiri kumpi n'e-nnyanja.

-171-Is Mbale near the lake, or is i t near the Kenya border?

raJ

Kibuga+ki ekiri okumpi n'e-nsalo ya Kongo ne Uganda?

Kabale.

-172-What town is i t that is near the border of Congo and Uganda?

Tororo.

[a]

Series L.

This series inaugurates the use of natural texts.

You may have to listen to each frame several times at first, but there are no new grammatical features in-troduced.

1:-Here is a short connected passage that was originally given impromptu as an answer to a question, with no restric-tions or grammar or vocabulary.

The new word in this passage sounds as though i t should be written:

2:-ekakala ekikiri ekikulu

[c ]

Listen again to the recording for Frame 1.

Judging from the context, [ekikuluJ might mean:

every capital

[b]

3

In the phrase [eklb~g~ + ~kik~l~], the [+] is a reminder that:

-MSR does not operate between the two marked syllables.

-USR does not apply to the first two syllables of [ekikulu].

[a ]

When an adjective begins with an initial vowel, as [ekikulu] does in this example, i t is almost

always preceded by

[+].

In the phrase [kye kibuga

+

ekik£lu], why doesn't [kibuga] have an initial vowel?

-Because the initial vowel is on the adjective [ekikulu] .

-Because i t follows the emphatic pronoun [kye].

[bJ

Here is a second version of the same reply:

The new word sounds as though i t should be written:

bugiiga bukika

-174-bukiika

[cJ

c ::>

obukiika.

Where are the marked moras in [obukllka]?

9

[obukiika

J

Judging from the context, the word [obukiika] might mean:

-capital, chief, principal -city, town, village

-side, direction, section

[c]

Here is a third version of the same answer .

. . ..

Teso eri mu Soroti?

11

Vee.

... mu bukiika bw' buvanjuba.

Nedda.

[b]

e o

-175-a

[a ]

13

One would expect the initial vowel [0] before [buvanjuba]. Instead, we find the element [e].

In the phrase [mu bukiika], why doesn't [bukiik~]

have an initial vowel?

15

Soroti / kibuga?

?

Yee.

? ?

[Because i t follows the locative element [mu].]

Is Soroti a town?

Nedda.

[a]

In the complete sentence [Soroti / kibuga. ], why doesn't [kibuga] have an initial vowel?

-Because the proper noun [Soroti] never takes an initial vowel.

-Because i t means 'is a town.'

[b]

-176-Soroti / kiri mu nsi + kif

Yee, Soroti nsi.

Kiri mu Teso.

What country is Soroti in?

[b

J

Which visual analog fits [mu Teso] 'in Teso'?

Which visual analog fits [mu Teso] 'in Teso'?

Dans le document TAT LUGANDA (Page 129-200)