Source: Mideros et al. 2012, p. 29.
Social
8.
CONCLUSION
In this paper we presented a costing exercise for a set of family-friendly services and transfers:
income protection for children, people of working age and older persons; universal health cov-erage; and ECCE and LTC services. Previous work studied different components of this package more in-depth, often also providing projections for the future. The comparative advantage of the present study is that it looks at an integrated package of family-friendly services and transfers and estimates the costs for a large sample of countries.
The costing is based on the basic idea of identifying gaps in a country’s current level of protection. This means the focal question is not so much what coun-tries have already achieved (though this is, of course, indirectly taken into account) but to what extent gaps in protection remain and how much resources countries would have to invest or reallocate to close those gaps. Assumptions for the costing were formu-lated as far as possible based on the SDGs, the Social Protection Floors Recommendation (No. 202) (Inter-national Labour Conference 2012) and inter(Inter-nationally recognized standards.
A package of family-friendly transfers and services, like all forms of social protection, reduces human
misery and suffering. This is its raison d’être. Overall, this costing takes the view that gaps in access to services and goods have to be closed by public funds, as private insurance or out-of-pocket payments can-not be relied on to close coverage gaps for poor and vulnerable persons. The costing shows that such a package is affordable in many countries. Those countries that cannot finance the full package can initially afford at least some of its critical elements, such as health care or income support. Most impor-tantly, countries have to explore options to increase fiscal space for social protecWtion. After a transi-tion period and in the longer run, countries can also expect that investments in social protection will yield returns in economic terms.
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