Protocole de réalisation de la technique de Woo

La technique de Woo est un examen parasitologique permettant l’observation directe de trypanosomes dans le sang avec une meilleure sensibilité que l’observation d’une goutte de sang entre lame et lamelle (Woo & others 1970). Un tube capillaire hépariné (Hirschmann Laborgeräte, Eberstadt, Allemagne), d’une contenance d’environ 70 ml, est rempli avec le sang de l’animal à examiner. L’extrémité pleine est bouchée avec de la plasticine puis le tube est centrifugé pendant 5 minutes à 12 000 tr/min. Ceci permet de séparer les globules rouges, globules blancs (ou « buffy coat ») et le plasma. Les trypanosomes, de par leur taille et leur forme, se concentrent à l’interface entre le buffy coat et le plasma où ils peuvent être observés directement à travers le tube avec un microscope optique au grossissement x100 (OIE s. d.).

La technique permet également une mesure de l’hématocrite de l’animal et donc la détection d’une anémie pouvant être la conséquence d’une infection par T.evansi.

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Toulouse, 2013

NOM : KOCHER Prénom : Arthur TITRE :

LA TRYPANOSOMOSE À TRYPANOSOMA EVANSI CHEZ LES CHEVAUX EN THAÏLANDE : Enquête épidémiologique et standardisation d’un test ELISA indirect.

RÉSUMÉ :

Trypanosoma evansi est le trypanosome pathogène le plus largement répandu dans le monde. Il est l’agent

responsable d’une maladie communément appelée surra qui peut affecter une grande variété d’hôtes mammifères. Le cheval est considéré comme l’espèce la plus sensible en Asie du Sud-Est. En Thaïlande, peu d’études ont été menées pour évaluer l’impact du parasite sur la population équine. Ce travail a pour objectif de préciser la situation épidémiologique du surra chez les chevaux dans le pays. Une enquête sérologique a été menée sur un échantillon de 1346 individus provenant de 17 provinces différentes avec un test d’agglutination, le CATT/T. evansi® (Card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis due to T. evansi). D’autre part, un répertoire de foyers cliniques apparus entre mars 2011 et mars 2012 a été constitué. Enfin, un test ELISA indirect a été standardisé et évalué en se basant sur des populations de référence constituées localement.

MOTS-CLÉS : Trypanosoma evansi – cheval – Thaïlande - diagnostic

ENGLISH TITLE :

TRYPANOSOMOSIS DUE TO TRYPANOSOMA EVANSI IN HORSES IN THAILAND : Epidemiological survey and standardization of an Ab-ELISA diagnostic tool.

ABSTRACT :

Trypanosoma evansi is the widest distributed pathogenic trypanosome in the world. It causes a disease called

surra which can affect a wide range of mammal hosts. The horse is considered as the most sensitive host in Southeast Asia. In Thailand, only few studies have been conducted to evaluate the impact of the parasite in equine population. This work aims at investigating the epidemiological situation of surra in horses in the country. An epidemiological survey has been conducted in 1346 individuals from 17 provinces using the agglutination test CATT/T. evansi® (Card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis due to T. evansi). A list of outbreaks reported between March 2011 and March 2012 has also been established. Finally, an Ab-ELISA tool has been standardized and evaluated based on reference populations locally selected.