agriculture, industry and domestic work; (ii) government should recognize the importance and changing role of women as mothers and workers in all sectors of the economy; and (iii) government should ensure that rural populations have easy access to modern agricultural technology and equal opportunities to use credit and other resources generating facilities. Governments should therefore give serious attention to the implementation of these and other
recommendations.
118. In conclusion, it must be realized that women in Africa play a significant
role in the economic activities of their respective countries. To ensure
their participation as part of the human resources in the economic recovery
programmes, the role of women in development process must be taken seriously
into account in development planning and policy and in the disbursement of
resources, both as contributors to and beneficiaries of development efforts
as recommended in the Arusha and Nairobi Forward-Looking Strategies, the
Africa s Priority Programme for Economic Recovery and the United Nations
Programme of Action for African Economic Recovery and Development (1986-1990).
SCA/ICKD/GG/47 Page 23
REFERENCES
1. ECA Survey of Economic and Social Conditions in Africa, 1985-1986 E/ECA/CM.13/3
2. RECOVERY, December 1-9G7 No. 4
3. ECA Survey of Economic and Social Conditions in Africa, Ibid.
4. Abrokwa, M.A. Study on Participation of Uomen in Development both as agents and beneficiaries in Ghaita. ECA/IIIAMEY based HULFOC - August 1987
5. Barber Conable; "Remarks of_Barbgr Conable to fche African Group September
26, 1987". (The World Bank""Wssh7H£ton D.C.)
6. ILO Unemployment and of-.hsi: jooic.I consequences of the debt crisis in Africa: ILO paper prepared -;or the Organisation of African Trade Union Unity Conference on the ^ Quas^Ion of External Debt and Debt Servicing in the Continent Dec. 1987, .Addis Abaha
7. UN World Survey on thfi Ro?.° of Uoaen in Development; Report of the Secretary-General - A/COUF.116/4, December 1984 (p.34)
8. ILO/JASPA Employment Situation and Prorpcctj. (MIMSO) Addis Ababa 1985 9. ILO/JASPA The_ challenge of KniployTKQrit and Easic Iteeds_ in Africa. Oxford
University Pre?.ss Nairobi, l?%'l
10. ECA Review and Appraisal of tbc- Ach^cvamant of United Nations Decade for Women, 1976-19G5 E/ECA/ACIWD/OAU/4 - August 1984
11. ILO The Challenge of Eiaplcyr-r.e.:\t and Basic Hoods.
Chapter 21 - op. cit.
12. UW World Survey on the RoV; or. NT^nen In Developjieut - Ibid.
13. Abrokwa3 M.A. Study on _Py_t:\c■■ j<^tion of Uomen^ in Deve 1 opment. Op.
cit. " ~
14. Perchonocks II. Double Oppression: Wonen. r.nd Land Matters in Kaduna state in Women in liigeria Todev (Zed Pr^33 London) Forthcoming p. 19
15. Steady, F. Research Methodology ;:nd Investigative Framework for Social Change in Seminar on Research on_ Aijr^can tJczncr^ Hhat type of Methodology?
(AAWORD, Dakar Senegal) 19t>3. p". i5
16. riakamure, H and R, Chimcdza. The question of Agrarian Reform in Zimbabwe and its Implication for Uojacn: Uonen and Rural Development in Africa, Association of African Worr.en for Sesecrch and Development - Occasional Paper Series Ho. 2 Dakar, Sencgi!. (p. 51)
ECA/ICKD/uL/47 Page 24
17. IL0/I1ISTRAU Women in Economic Activity: A. Global Statistical Survey (1950-2000) - A Joint Publication of the International Labour Organization and the United Gations Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (ItlSTRAW) June 19S5 p.47
18. ILO Unemployment and Other Social Consequences of the Debt Crisis in Africa, Ibid.;
19. The Women's Watch, Vol. 1, Wo. 2 Summer 19G7 , p. 5
20. Karanja, Wanbui. Family Policies and Programmes in the Context of
Socio-Economic Development in Africa countries. ECA/TP/SD/86/2.2/(ii)
21. Zimbabwe country paper presented by the Ministry of Community Development and Women Affairs to the Fifth Meeting of the Sub-regional Committee on the Integration of Women in Development. ECA/LUSAKA MULPOC - Harare, February 19C7
22. Tanzania country paper presented by the Ministry of Community Development, Culture Youth and Sports to the Fifth Meeting of the Sub-regional Committee on the Integration of Women in Development. ECA/LUSAKA MULPOC
- Harare, Februarys 1987
23. Kenya country paper presented by Women's Bureau, Ministry of Culture and Social Cervices to the Fifth Meeting of the Sub-regional Committee on the Integration of Women in Development. ECA/LUSAKA MULPOC - Harare, February, 19C7
24. Cornia G.; Jolly R., and Steward F. Adjustment with a Human Face;
Protecting the Vulnerable and Promoting Growth. Oxford University Press, May 19£7
25. WHO Preventing the Tragedy of Maternal; A report on the International
Safe Motherhood Conference - Nairobi, Kenya, February 1987 (sponsored
by World Bank, WHO and UNFPA)26. UtIICEF Within Human Reach; A future for Africa's Children. UHICEF Report 19C5
27. Ibid.;
2G. Op. cit. 5 29. Op. cit.;
30. World Bank Annual Report 1987 (p.79)
31. ILO/IKSTRAW Women in Economic Activity: A Global Statistical Survey (1950-2000) June 19C5, Op. cit.
32. Implementation of the Nairobi Forward Looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women; Report of the Secretary-General A/42/520, 14
T-epteraber, 19&7
ECA/ICHD/88/47 Page 25
33. Tanzania country paper presented to the Fifth Meeting of the Subregional Committee on the Integration of Women. Op. Cit.
34. ECA Report of the 5th Meeting of the West African Sub-regional Committee for the Integration of Women in Development - ECA/MULPOC/NIA/87/V/IWD, March 1987.
35. UK Report of the Secretary-General on Critical Economic Situation in Africa: United nations Programme of Action for African Economic Recovery and Developments 1980-1930 • A/42/560 1 October , 1987
36. Karanja, Wambui, 1936 Op. cif:.
37. 1LO/INSTTIAW June 19£5 Op cit.
38. QAU/ECA. Africa's Submission to the Special Session of the United Hations General Assembly of the United Nations General Assembly on Africa's Economic and Social Crisis. OAU/ECA9 Addis Ababa, March 1986
39. ECA The International Conference on Africas The Challenge of Economic Recovery and Accelerated Development: The Abuja Statement - Abuja, Nigeria, 15-19 June 1987. ECA/CERAD/87/75
40. OAU African Common Position on Africa's External Debt Crisis Adopted by the Third Extra-Ordinary Session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) November 30 tc 1 December, 1987.
41. ECA United Nations Economic Commission for Africa: Kilimanjaro Programme of Action for African Population and Self-Reliant Development.
Arusha, Tanzania 9-13 January, 1984
42. ECA/OAU The Arusha Strategies for the Advancement of Women in Africa beyond the End of the United Nations Decade for Women (ECA/OAU) Arusha, October, 1984
43 • UK The Nairobi Forward-Looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women:
Adopted by the World Conference to Review and Appraise the Achievements of the United nations Decade for Women: Equality, Development and Peace, Nairobi, Kenya, July 1985.
'iable1AnnexI ANNUALGROWTHRATESFORGDPANDGDPPERCAPITA BYREGIONSDURING1981-1985(1980CONSTANTFACTORPRICES) R 1 3EG1CW£ .Wor.r .West .Cent:
*Africa Afriia ilAfrica oEastanaSouthern Afri?a
1901 -5.9 -8.4 6.6 3.3
GDP 1982 8.4 -0.5 2.5 2.0
(total) 1983 4.6 -6.8 3.4 0.4
1984 0.7 -3.1 4.1 2.4
1985 3 -2 3 3.1 .8 .0 .3
1981 -B. -11. 3. 0,.4 ,4 .9 .4
GDPper 1982 5 -3 0 -1
.4 .0 .5 .2
capita 1983 1.7 -9.2 -0.5 -2.4
1984 -2 -5 1 -0
.0 .6 .3 .8
1985 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.4 TOTAL-5.03.5-0.4-0.23.0-7.90.0-2.-3.00.3 SourcesCompiledfromtheEconomicCommissionforAfrica SurveyofEconomicandSocialConditionsinAfricat1985-1986 AFRICA(CHARTE) ACTIVEFEMALEPOPULATIONBYOCCUPATIONALGROUPS (percentages) Prof.-teohr. anclrelated v;or!;ers
Admn.and manag. workers
Clerical, salesand serviceworkers Agri.animal husby.and forestryworkers
Production andrelated workersOthers 11.41.524.442.5 NotesThepercentagesarearithmeticaveragesofsamplecountries SourcesIL(YearBookofLabourStatistics,1981-83,table2B
14,48.2