Cette expérience nous a permis de comprendre le mouvement des particules fines dans le profil du sol de canneberges, plusieurs travaux restent à faire à ce sujet. Les analyses et les expériences à venir devront permettre de mieux comprendre les mécanismes responsables de la migration de particules fines dans les sols de canneberge et leurs effets sur la dégradation des sols. L’acquisition de connaissances sur ces mécanismes permettra désormais de prévoir l’évolution des sols selon plusieurs conditions pour mieux anticiper et contrôler leurs futurs effets négatifs sur la production de canneberge.
Il serait important d’utiliser une méthode non destructive, comme la technologie de tomodensitométrie (CT SCAN) par exemple pour déterminer la concentration de Zr dans les carottes de sol sans les couper. Cette nouvelle technologie est une technique d’imagerie non destructive qui peut être utilisée pour l’analyse à haute résolution des modifications dans les propriétés du sol telles que la porosité, et les paramètres de transport des solutés (Helliw e ll et al., 2013), Selon la littérature, la tomodensimétrie (X-ray CT scan) a été largement utilisée pour la caractérisation des propriétés hydrauliques du sol (Rab et al., 2014) et en menant des études sur le transport des particules colloïdales (Chen et al., 2010). Cependant, cette technique est chère comparativement à la méthode de fluorescence à rayon X que nous avons utilisée.
En plus, la concentration des particules de Zr appliquée dans les champs de canneberges a été constante pour toutes les parcelles, soit 5 % d’oxyde de zirconium. En effet, l’utilisat io n de différentes concentrations dans les parcelles serait aussi intéressante afin de vérifier l’effet de la concentration. De plus, le diamètre des particules était le même pour toutes les parcelles aussi, l’utilisation de particules de différente taille devrait prendre en considération dans le cadre de ce projet.
Enfin, il serait nécessaire d`effectuer la modélisation de l’écoulement de l’eau et des particules fines, afin de faire une prévision du transport de ces particules à long terme.
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Conclusion générale
Cette étude a permis de mettre en évidence la migration de particules colloïdales dans le profil de sol à différentes profondeurs et l’influence de ce transport sur la formation d’une couche compacte sous culture de canneberges et les principaux facteurs responsables de transport et la vitesse à laquelle ils se produisent. Parmi les trois sites, le site C est plus rapide en termes de transport de particules fines. La plupart des particules de Zr s’accumulent dans le premier horizon du profil de sol, dans la zone racinaire de la canneberge au site A et B. Les particules ont migré à l’interface du sol et à la zone de la fluctuation de la nappe au site C. Les parcelles qui étaient situées sur le drain et près du drain ont montré une migration plus rapide en profondeur dans le profil de sol.
Cette étude nous a permis de mettre en évidence les différentes conditions du colmatage qui dépend du rapport entre la taille des pores et du diamètre des particules. Parmi les quatre types de rétention de particules fines des sols, deux phénomènes qui ont été prédomina nts dans le processus de transport sont : la déposition sur la paroi des pores et le blocage des pores causé par la formation des ponts entre les particules.
En outre, il est important de continuer des recherches plus approfondies sur ce sujet, car ce domaine d’étude est crucial pour identifier les problèmes les particules peuvent causer dans les sols de canneberges. Les connaissances acquises sur les processus de transport des particules fines contribueront à prévoir l’évolution des sols soumis à différentes conditions et d’assurer des pratiques agricoles durables en production de canneberges.
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