5. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM ENVIROGRIDS PARTNERS
5.1 INHGA
5.1.1 Meteorological data
The Romanian National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (Bucharest) is regularly reporting basic climatic data from 30 weather stations (Figure 3) to the European Climate Assessment & Dataset (http://eca.knmi.nl/dailydata/index.php).
Figure 3 - Distribution of weather stations in Romania
5.1.2 Hydrological data
The INHGA is reporting on hydrological data from 18 Hydrometric stations ( Figure 4, Table 1), 14 on Romanian rivers and 4 on Danube river they are the owners of SWAT level data for some rivers hydrographic districts as Arges - Vedea (Figure 5) and historical Danube water discharges (Table 2) from 1979 to 2008. The river water quality data are recorded monthly from the period 1998 – 2008.
Figure 4 - Location of hydrometric stations at outlet of Romanian river basins Table 1 - Hydrometric stations
REPEDE ORADEA CRISURI 47:03:25.92 21:55:40.70 2169,5 637,7 4 CRISUL
NEGRU ZERIND CRISURI 46:37:41.27 21:30:59.63 3801,1 325,3 5 CRISUL
ALB CHISINAU
CRIS CRISURI 46:31:09.93 21:30:37.98 3478,7 374,5 6 MURES ARAD MURES 46:09:38.34 21:19:13.13 27246,3 624,1 12 IALOMITA SLOBOZIA IALOMITA 44:33:48.48 27:22:57.02 9238,0 360,2 13 SIRET LUNGOCI SIRET 45:33:30.76 27:30:25.21 36291,7 539,6
IZMAIL DUNARE 45:13:17.33 28:44:43.45
Figure 5 - Arges – Vedea hydrographic district
Table 2 - The Danube river average daily water discharge (m3/s) during 30 years, from 1979 to 2008
Measurement data River / measuring
section
BAZIAS Km 1072,5
ZIMNICEA Km 553,23
HARSOVA Km 248,0
CEATAL
IZMAIL Km 80,5
01.01.1979 5.120 4.600 - 6.170
01.02.1979 5.600 4.580 - 5.920
01.03.1979 6.270 4.580 - 5.580
01.01.1984 4.360 4.370 1.460 3.650
01.02.1984 4.250 4.450 1.530 3.760
01.03.1984 3.960 4.370 1.500 3.950
29.12.2008 7.190 7.750 2.480 7.220
30.12.2008 7.410 7.760 2.580 7.340
31.12.2008 7.530 7.520 2.660 7.450
For some areas as the Buzau river basin, the area has detailed SWAT hydrologic data for modelling and calibration scenarios (Figure 6).
Figure 6 - Buzau river basin - area covered by SWAT modeling data
5.1.3 Soils data and maps
Soils data and maps for the Romanian territory are available at the Research Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Bucharest.
Soil data and map:
- Soil class and type;
- Soil hydrologic group;
- Rooting depth (mm);
- Textural class of first soil layer;
- Moist bulk density (g/cm3);
- Organic carbon content (% soil weight);
- Available maximum water content at root length (mm H2O);
- Total water content at root length (cm);
- Soil erodability factor K, in USE equation.
5.2 Danube Delta National Institute (DDNI)
Hydrological data which DDNI can provide are related to the Danube River basins and Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve (DDBR) area hydrographic network: Danube’s arms, inner channels/canals and the lakes they connect, and the Black Sea coastal waters area up to the 20m isobaths. These data are as follows:
a) Hydrometric stations names and their geographical positions along Danube’s arms and inner channels /canals (Figure 7a, b).
Figure 7a – Overall view of hydrometric stations along Danube’s arms and inner channels /canals
Figure 7b - Position of hydrometric stations along Danube River (Romanian sector)
Table 3 - Name and coordinates of hydrometric stations
Station X Y
Gruia 2.268.574 4.426.718 Calafat 2.292.260 4.399.796 Bechet 2.394.868 4.374.652 Corabia 2.450.696 4.376.469 Tr.Magurele 2.487.179 4.370.704 Zimnicea 2.535.842 4.362.639 Giurgiu 2.599.226 4.388.075 Oltenita 2.663.749 4.405.941 Calarasi 2.732.413 4.414.013 Harsova 2.794.292 4.467.824 Vadu Oii 2.787.412 4.474.218 Gropeni 2.794.292 4.467.824 Braila 2.798.356 4.526.805 Galati 2.807.809 4.543.562 Grindu 2.819.182 4.541.453 Isaccea 2.846.827 4.528.382 Ceatal Ismail 2.873.679 4.522.886
b) Land and river/channels/lakes bottom elevation data - including numerical map/
shape with these data (Figure 8).
Figure 8 - Land and river /channels /lakes bottom elevation data (including numerical map /shape with these data) c) Danube river hydrological data:
• Water level recorded within 1858 – 2010 for the main hydrometric stations along the Danube’s arms: monthly values (maximum, average, and minimum);
• Water discharge /water flow hydraulic parameters for the entire water level span;
• Water quality within 1997-2010: monthly values at 25 stations (geographically positioned) for next parameters:
- River sediment concentration (mg/l);
- Nitrate load transported by the river (kg N);
- Phosphorus load transported by the river (Kg P);
- Dissolved oxygen transported by the river (kg O2);
- Algal biomass transported by river (kg);
- NH4, NO2, Mineral P, organic P, Organic N, and CBOD.
5.3 DHMO
Official data center for hydrological and meteorological data in Ukraine is the State Hydro meteorological Service. The data are stored in the central archive of the Service at Regional Centers.
The Danube Hydro-Meteorological Observatory is the structural unit of State HM Service that collects process and stores the data for the Danube estuary area and the adjacent part of the Black Sea (Figure 9, 10).
Figure 9 - Location of the hydrometric stations Summary of metadata (hydrology):
Data source DHMO
File format xls timeseries
Attributes Station name, latitude, lonitude, coordinates WGS1984 Data use is limited or commercial in general, but free to use for project purposes.
The parameters recorded are daily min, max temperature, daily precipitation (For all 5 stations). Daily evaporation for 2 stations. Wind direction and velocity for 2 stations.
Time span is from 01.01.1980 to 31.12.2009.
Data are allocated on DHMO FTP-server with limited access, login and password was set and sent to coordinator of WP4
Figure 10 - Location of the water quality stations
Summary of metadata (water quality):
Data source DHMO
File format xls timeseries
Attributes Station name, lat, lon, coordinates WGS1984 Data use is limited or commercial in general, but free to use for project purposes.
The parameters are daily water discharge, turbidity, sediments discharge, and water temperature. Time span is from 01.01.1980 to 31.12.2009.
Water discharge data are allocated on DHMO FTP-server with limited access, login and password was set and sent to coordinator of WP4.
Water quality data on dissolved oxygen, mineralization, BOD5, nutrients etc. are available on the same conditions but still in digitalization/formatting/checking stage, should be added until December 2010.
5.4 USRIEP
The USRIEP team has began work on SWAT modeling of Seversky Donets river basin that is located in North-Eastern part of Ukraine and it is a major surface water body in the region. Using DEM map, European land-use map and soil map for Seversky Donets river basin there were marked out the borders of sub basins and defined their characteristics (within Kharkiv, Lugansk and Donetsk regions). There were sorted out hydrologic similar units and calculated their characteristics (HRU Analysis - Land use, Soil and Slope Definition). Source data is collecting for calculations of hydrological discharge and water quality of Seversky Donets River and also for model calibration.
After adaptation of SWAT program to Seversky Donets river basin, USRIEP team is planning to adapt SWAT model to Ukrainian part of Black Sea basin in cooperation with other Ukrainian WP4 participants for such regions as Crimea, Odessa, Nikolaev, Herson, Zaporozhie, Donetsk, Dnepropetrovsk.
Within the work on task 4.1 USRIEP team has provided following SWAT data:
a) DEM map of 90 m x 90 m of Ukraine (Grid format, Fig.1);
b) Soil map of Ukraine on a scale of М 1: 1 500 000 (hard copy);
c) European soil map of Ukraine on a scale of 1:5 000 m (Grid format);
d) European land-use map of Ukraine on a scale of 1:5 000 m (Grid format);
e) Digital map with indications of the hydro chemical control stations (monitoring stations) on a scale of 1: 500 000 (Shape format);
f) Digital map with indications of the meteorological stations on a scale of 1: 500 000 (Shape format);
g) Water quality data including information on:
- Suspended sediments transport, concentration of suspended solids, nitrates and phosphates transport with the river flow (kg N, kg. P), dissolved oxygen transport (kg O2), data on concentration of chemicals such as: ammonium (NH4), nitrites (NO2), mineral P (for the period from 1980 to 1992 – hard copy);
- Concentration of suspended solids; nitrates and phosphates transport with the river flow (kg N, kg. P), dissolved oxygen transport (kg O2), data on concentration of chemicals such as: ammonium (NH4), nitrites (NO2), mineral P (collected in outfall stations of the major rivers for the period from 1995 to 2008 e-form, Excel);
- River water quality data: concentration of suspended solids, nitrates and phosphates with the river flows (mg/liter N, Р), dissolved oxygen (mg/liter O2), data on concentration of chemicals such as ammonium (NH4), nitrites (NO2), mineral P for the period from 2006 to 2009 – e-form, Excel.
h) Temperature data (daily average– daytime and nighttime temperatures, atmospheric pressure) for the period from 1997 to 2010 (e-form);
i) Digital maps with indications of the location of major surface water intake points and wastes discharge from point-sources in Lugansk and Kharkov regions (Shape format);
j) Digital soil maps of Lugansk and Kharkov regions (Shape format).
The official meteorological and hydrological data centers in Ukraine are as shown in Table 4.
Table 4 - Official meteorological and hydrological data centers in Ukraine:
Name of hydrological data center (HDC) Location (city)
HDC in Crimea Simferopol
Vinnitsa HDC Vinnitsa
Ukrainian hydrological data center Kyiv
Central geophysical observatory Kyiv
At present, the following SWAT data are available:
a) Meteorological data
− Meteorological stations. Names and geographical positions – digital maps.
− Data on daily minimal and maximal temperature (text files for the period from 1997 -2010).
− Data on daily rainfall. We can obtain them after turning to relevant HDC.
b) Hydrological data
− Water quantity (for the period from 1980-1992, Excel format);
− Water quality (for the period from 1980-1992, 2009-2010, Excel format);
− Hydrological stations. Names and geographical positions – digital maps (Shape format);
− Outfall stations of rivers such as Dunaj, Dnieper, Juznyj Bug – data on water quality (for the period from 1992-2008, Excel format).
c) GIS data
− DEM map of 90m х 90m for whole research area - Figure 11(Grid format).
Figure 11 - Digital elevation map (DEM) of the investigation region
− Digital map with indications of the hydro chemical control stations (monitoring stations) on a scale of 1: 500 000 - Shape format (Figure 12, 13, 14);
Figure 12 - Location of hydro chemical control stations of Ukrainian State Hydro meteorological Service
Figure 13 - Location of hydro chemical control stations of Ukrainian State Ecological Inspection
Figure 14 - Location of hydro chemical control stations of Ukrainian State Water Economy Committee
− Digital map with indications of the meteorological stations on a scale of 1: 500 000 - Shape format (Figure 15).
Figure 15 - Location of meteorological stations in Ukraine
Some data are in preparation stage:
• Temperature data (average daily – daytime and nighttime temperatures, atmospheric pressure) for the period from 1997 to 2010), Excel format;
• Data on point sources is preparing including data on discharges from industries - water consumers (annual average waste water volume and contaminant quantity from industries in coastal zone) - Excel format;
• Land-use and soil map of Ukraine may be improved;
• Some ways to obtain data on agricultural management, water resources management, crop yield, and data on live-stock density are investigated;
• USRIEP team is studying the possibilities of clarifying the information on reservoirs and data on water flow and water quality at the inlet of researched water basin.
There are some difficulties in soil and land-use map improvement. There are also some obstacles in obtaining data on daily average river discharge. Now only data up to 1990 is available. At present only some average seasonal and monthly river discharge data are available for the period after 1990. One of shortcomings is also availability of only statistical regional data on the crop yield. Also precision of measurements of water quality parameters should be checked.
5.5 ONU
ONU has collected and processed SWAT data (Table 5, 6, 7, 8) for all eligible 37 Meteorological Stations in Ukraine for 1960 – 2010 (Table 6) and 10 Meteorological Stations in the Dniester basin area for 1960-2010 (Table 7). All meteorological data were sent to EAWAG in July 2010.
Table 5 – List of daily meteorological data (for each station)
Parameters Precision and Unit of data
(SI -Metric)
Mean temperature .1 °C
Mean dew point .1 °C
Mean sea level pressure .1 mb
Mean station pressure .1 mb
Mean visibility .1 km
Mean wind speed .1 m/s
Maximum sustained wind speed .1 m/s
Maximum wind gust .1 m/s
Maximum temperature .1 °C
Minimum temperature .1 °C
Precipitation amount .01 mm
Snow depth .1 cm
Indicator for occurrence of: Fog, Rain or Drizzle, Snow or Ice Pellets, Hail, Thunder,
Tornado/Funnel Cloud
"000000"
Table 6 – List of 37 Meteorological Stations in the Territory of Ukraine (Data Set 1)
331350 Chernihiv Ukraine 51,467 31,250 141 01/01/1960-30/06/2010 339240 Chornomorske Ukraine 45,517 32,700 10 01/01/1960-30/06/2010 345040 Dnipropetrovsk Ukraine 48,600 34,967 143 01/01/1969-30/06/2010 345190 Donetsk Ukraine 48,067 37,767 225 01/01/1960-30/06/2010
344150 Izium Ukraine 49,183 37,300 78 01/01/1960-30/06/2010
339830 Kerch Ukraine 45,400 36,417 49 01/01/1969-30/06/2010
343000 Kharkiv Ukraine 49,967 36,133 155 01/01/1960-30/06/2010 339020 Kherson Ukraine 46,633 32,567 54 01/01/1960-30/06/2010 334290 Khmelnytskyi Ukraine 49,433 26,983 350 01/01/1960-30/06/2010 337110 Kirovohrad Ukraine 48,517 32,200 171 01/01/1960-30/06/2010 332610 Konotop Ukraine 51,233 33,200 149 01/01/1960-30/06/2010 337910 Kryvyi rih Ukraine 48,033 33,217 124 11/01/1960-30/06/2010
333450 Kyiv Ukraine 50,400 30,567 167 01/01/1960-30/06/2010
337610 Liubashivka Ukraine 47,850 30,267 183 02/07/1961-30/06/2010 333770 Lubny Ukraine 50,000 33,017 158 01/01/1960-30/06/2010 345230 Luhansk Ukraine 48,567 39,250 62 04/01/1960-30/06/2010 347120 Mariupol Ukraine 47,033 37,500 70 05/01/1960-30/06/2010 334660 Myronivka Ukraine 49,667 31,000 153 08/02/1960-30/06/2010 335060 Poltava Ukraine 49,600 34,550 160 01/01/1960-30/06/2010 333010 Rivne Ukraine 50,583 26,133 231 01/01/1960-30/06/2010 330880 Sarny Ukraine 51,283 26,617 156 03/01/1960-30/06/2010
USAF_
Code Station name Country Lat.
North
Long.
East
Elevation of station
M
Dates of eligible data records
333170 Shepetivka Ukraine 50,167 27,033 278 03/03/1960-30/06/2010 339460 Simferopol Ukraine 44,683 34,133 181 01/01/1960-30/06/2010
332750 Sumy Ukraine 50,850 34,667 181 01/01/1960-30/06/2010
335870 Uman Ukraine 48,767 30,233 216 01/01/1960-30/06/2010
335620 Vinnytsia Ukraine 49,233 28,600 298 14/01/1960-30/06/2010
331770
Volodymyr-volynskyi Ukraine 50,833 24,317 194 02/01/1960-30/06/2010 346010 Zaporizhzhia Ukraine 47,800 35,017 112 01/01/1960-30/06/2010 333250 Zhytomyr Ukraine 50,233 28,733 224 01/01/1960-30/06/2010 336580 Chernivtsi Ukraine 48,367 25,900 246 01/01/1960-30/06/2010 335260 Ivano-frankivsk Ukraine 48,967 24,700 280 01/01/1960-30/06/2010
333930 Lviv Ukraine 49,817 23,950 323 01/01/1960-30/06/2010
336630 Mohyliv-podilskyi Ukraine 48,450 27,783 78 01/01/1960-30/06/2010
338370 Odesa Ukraine 46,433 30,767 42 01/01/1960-30/06/2010
334150 Ternopil Ukraine 49,533 25,667 329 01/01/1960-30/06/2010 336310 Uzhhorod Ukraine 48,633 22,267 124 01/01/1960-30/06/2010
Table 7 – List of 10 Meteorological Stations in the Dniester Basin area (Data Set 2) USAF_
Code
Station
name Country Lat.
North
Long.
East
Elevation of station M
Dates of eligible data records 337450 Bel'cy Moldova 47,783 27,950 102 01/01/1960-31/05/1995 336580 Chernivtsi Ukraine 48,367 25,900 246 01/01/1960-30/06/2010
335260
Ivano-frankivsk Ukraine 48,967 24,700 280 01/01/1960-30/06/2010 338150 Kisinev Moldova 47,017 28,983 173 01/01/1960-30/06/2010 333930 Lviv Ukraine 49,817 23,950 323 01/01/1960-30/06/2010
336630
Mohyliv-podilskyi Ukraine 48,450 27,783 78 01/01/1960-30/06/2010 338370 Odesa Ukraine 46,433 30,767 42 01/01/1960-30/06/2010 336780 Soroca Moldova 48,200 28,300 173 01/01/1960-30/04/1995 334150 Ternopil Ukraine 49,533 25,667 329 01/01/1960-30/06/2010 336310 Uzhhorod Ukraine 48,633 22,267 124 01/01/1960-30/06/2010
Table 8 – List of maps for territory of Ukraine for SWAT modelling
Paper map Vectorization of the soil map of Ukraine in ARCGIS
5.6 VITUKI
The official meteorological data center in Hungary is the “Hungarian Meteorological Service”4. VITUKI is the official hydrological data center: some of the datasets are stored here (Table 9) but the owner of the data is in most of the cases difficult to determine.
Table 9 - Metadata Meteorological data Data source Hungarian Meteorological Service www.met.hu File format Esri shape, xls
Attributes Station code, Station name, lat, lon, coordinates ETRS 1989 LAEA
Data is free to use.
There are three parameters attached to the shape file in xls format (11_station_prec.xls, 11_station_tmax.xls, 11_station_tmin.xls – Figure 16). The parameters are daily minimum, maximum temperature and daily precipitation (Figure 17, Table 10). Time span is from 01.01.1983 to 31.12.2009. The above data are already uploaded to the Netstorage WP4/VITUKI folder.
Figure 16 - Position of the 11 Hungarian meteorological stations
4 www.met.hu
Table 10 - Metadata Meteorological data Data source VITUKI
File format ASCII
Attributes lat, lon, weather parameter value Data is free to use.
There are three parameters stored in these folders. Each folder contains one parameter stored in ASCII files. Each file contains the data for one day (file name:
yyyymmdd.*). The parameters are daily min, max temperature, and daily precipitation.
Time span is from 01.01.1986 to 31.12.2009.
The above data are already uploaded to the Netstorage WP4/VITUKI folder.
Figure 17 - Interpolated meteorological parameters on the Danube catchment down to the Tisza mouth (resolution 0.1 degree)
The only database that VITUKI can take into account is the dataset of VITUKI. They can provide water discharge data for 187 gauging stations in the Danube basin (Figure 18, Table 11). The dataset of the Hungarian stations can be used to calibrate SWAT. The usage of data from non-Hungarian stations can be permitted only by the national data owner.
Figure 18 - Position of the 187 gauging stations
Table 11 - Metadata gauging stations Data source VITUKI
File format ASCII (qdata_public.csv)
Attributes x_coord, y_coord, code, station, river, Dyymmdd (time span 01.01.1983-27.05.2010)
no data value: -998
The above data are already uploaded to the Netstorage WP4/VITUKI folder.
6. GAP ANALYSIS AND NEW PARTNERS
6.1 Main recommendations from gap analysis
The issue of data accessibility is of primary importance. Even access to the project partner’s data in many cases is limited or restricted (see Annex II). It is recommended to elaborate appropriate data policy, which envisages different types of data access licenses and encourages free data access and exchange for non-commercial purposes. Then projects partners – data-holders have to share their data for the project under the data policy, further encouraging other stakeholders to do the same.
Unlike in Danube countries, the gaps in data availability for large areas of the Black Sea catchment within Russia, Georgia and Turkey cannot be covered from datasets available at large scales. In order to cover this gap it is recommended to identify and to incorporate in the project new partners from these countries. New partners have to either be holders of the required data or be able to facilitate access to missing data as well as to participate in other enviroGRIDS activities such as development of SDI, assessment of impact on GEOSS SBAs.
6.2 Call for new partners
The following profile has been defined for potential new partners: countries - Russian Federation, Turkey (eventually Moldavia, Belarus).
Field of expertise: hydrology and climatology.
Task in project:
• Furnish hydrological and climate data needed for SWAT calibration in the targeted countries covering the Black Sea catchment part;
• Make available through the enviroGRIDS portal the metadata of the furnished data, and if possible the data itself;
• Participate to the model calibration and evaluation.
Duration of partnership: 18 months Start of partnership: October 2010
Special conditions: be registered for the EC FP7 research framework with a valid PIC.
Budget: 20’000-40’000€ depending on data quantity and quality that can be made available.
Submission: before July 30 2010.
7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This deliverable is reporting on availability of meteorological, hydrological, water quality and soils database useful for SWAT modeling in the BSC. It starts with an overview of hydrological models showing their suitability for modeling large scale areas
as SWAT or suite for simulations of water flow, sediment, transports, waves, water quality, morphological developments and ecology in river, coastal and estuarine areas as Delft3D model and other like MONERIS suitable for the quantification of nutrient emissions from point and diffuse sources in river catchments.
Main hydrological projects in the regions are described in the next chapter in order to have knowledge and benefit from existing modeling data suitable also for SWAT model. Most of the data used in the regional models refer to Danube River and catchment. Danube delta except SCENES project that is modeling the water quality scenarios for pan-Europe.
An important inventory on data availability for SWAT is in the partner’s contribution chapter. Each partner give an overview of meteorological, hydrological and other SWAT data they can contribute or may be collected from the official owners. It seems that Ukraine, Romania and Hungary territory are well covered with SWAT needed data, other data not shown are available in Bulgaria and for the other area as upstream of Danube Catchments data are available at ICPDR or in the European database repositories.
The main recommendation that should be considered to improve the data quantity and quality to be used for SWAT modeling is the need to perform a so called
“transboundary check” for water and sediment runoff data as may be some difference between Romanian and Ukrainian water and sediment discharge data measured on the same stations / profiles. In this example case, the difference may come from different HQ rating curves used for daily discharge calculation.
The document concluded that the Ukraine, Romania and Hungary territory is well covered with SWAT needed data from EnviroGRIDS partners, other data for the rest of the area as upstream of Danube Catchments are available at ICPDR or at the Global, European and regional database repositories.
Regarding data access, most raw environmental monitoring data is limited to distribution because of it commercial value at the national level, so Data Policy or Agreement is an important issue in the framework of this project.
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