6 NR LC NR NR Pará, Brésil Jennings,
2014 (80) 3 NR LC NR NR Rondonia, Brésil Cantanhêde (81) 6 NR NR NR NR Amazonas, Madre de Dios, Loreto, Pérou Saldarriaga, 2016 1 17,Hybr ide L.l- L.n
Ulcère 1 MI Acre, Brésil Tojal Da Silva, 2006
Tableau 5 (suite) : Cas de la littérature de L.lainsoni (L.l) . Il est à noter que certaines souches sont parfois redondantes, car le nom de la souche utilisée, notamment pour les articles ciblant des études moléculaires n’apparaît pas toujours dans l’article.
46 Cas Age (ans) Caractéristique des lésions Nombre de lésions Localisation des lésions Géographie Article 2 NR LC NR NR Equateur Kato, 2016 2 NR LC NR NR Colombie Ramirez, 2016 (82) 2 NR Ulcère/lésion nodulaire (commun aux LC) 1 à 6 lésions (commun aux LC) 0,5-5cm (commun autres espèces) Amazonie, Equateur Kato, 2016 10 Non Spécifique LC NR NR GF Simon, 2017 (83) 4 NR LC NR NR La Paz, Bolivie BilbaoRamos, 2017
1 NR ulcère NR NR Colombie Patino,
2017 (84) 5 NR NR NR NR Thaïlande Manomat, 2017 2 NR Ulcère et croûte atypique irrégulière NR NR Madre de Dios, Pérou Rojas, 2019 (85) 22 NR LC NR NR Pérou Kato, 2019 (86) Tableau 5 (suite) : Cas de la littérature de L.lainsoni . Il est à noter que certaines
souches sont parfois redondantes, car le nom de la souche utilisée, notamment pour les articles ciblant des études moléculaires n’apparaît pas toujours dans l’article.
47
Carte : Répartition géographique des cas décrits dans la littérature de L.naiffi (L.n) et L.lainsoni (L.l) (source : https://mapchart.net/world.html)
48
VII. BIBLIOGRAPHIE
(1) Campus Cerime http://campus.cerimes.fr/parasitologie/enseignement/generalite/site/html/2.html(2) Organisation mondiale de la santé, OMS (WHO) : https://www.who.int/
(3) Lainson, R., P. D. Ready, and J. J. Shaw. 1979. ‘Leishmania in Phlebotomid Sandflies. VII. On the Taxonomic Status of Leishmania Peruviana, Causative Agent of Peruvian `uta’, as Indicated by Its Development in the Sandfly, Lutzomyia Longipalpis’. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 206 (1164): 307–18.
(4) Lainson, R., and J. J. Shaw. 1989. ‘Leishmania (Viannia) Naiffi Sp. n., a Parasite of the Armadillo, Dasypus Novemcinctus (L.) in Amazonian Brazil’. Annales De Parasitologie Humaine Et Comparee 64 (1): 3–9.
(5) Fagundes-Silva, Giselle Aparecida, Gustavo Adolfo Sierra Romero, Elisa Cupolillo, Ellen Priscila Gadelha Yamashita, Adriano Gomes-Silva, Jorge Augusto de Oliveira Guerra, and Alda Maria Da-Cruz. 2015. ‘Leishmania (Viannia) Naiffi: Rare Enough to Be Neglected?’ Memórias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 110 (6): 797–800.
(6) Vieira-Gonçalves, Ricardo, Giselle Aparecida Fagundes-Silva, Júlia Furtado Heringer, Maria Fantinatti, Alda Maria Da-Cruz, Manoel Paes Oliveira-Neto, Jorge Augusto Oliveira Guerra, and Adriano Gomes-Silva. 2019. ‘First Report of Treatment Failure in a Patient with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Infected by Leishmania (Viannia) Naiffi Carrying Leishmania RNA Virus: A Fortuitous Combination?’ Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 52 (0).
(7) Silveira, F. T., J. J. Shaw, R. R. Braga, E. Ishikawa, F. T. Silveira, J. J. Shaw, R. R. Braga, and E. Ishikawa. 1987. ‘Dermal Leishmaniasis in the Amazon Region of Brazil: Leishmania (Viannaia) Lainsoni Sp. n., a New Parasite from the State of Pará’. Memórias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 82 (2): 289–91.
(8) Darie, H., M. Deniau, F. Pratlong, G. Lanotte, A. Talarmin, P. Millet, R. Houin, and J. P. Dedet. 1995. ‘Cutaneous Leishmaniasis of Humans Due to Leishmania (Viannia) Naiffi Outside Brazil’. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 89 (5): 476–77.
49
(9) Pratlong, F., M. Deniau, H. Darie, S. Eichenlaub, S. Pröll, E. Garrabe, T. le Guyadec, and J. P. Dedet. 2002. ‘Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania Naiffi Is WideSpread in South America’. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 96 (8): 781–85.
(10) Fouque, Florence, Pascal Gaborit, Jean Issaly, Romuald Carinci, Jean-Charles Gantier, Christophe Ravel, and Jean-Pierre Dedet. 2007. ‘Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) Associated with Changing Patterns in the Transmission of the Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in French Guiana’. Memórias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 102 (1): 35–40. .
(11) Arias, J. R., M. A. Miles, R. D. Naiff, M. M. Povoa, R. A. de Freitas, C. B. Biancardi, and E. G. Castellon. 1985. ‘Flagellate Infections of Brazilian Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae): Isolation in Vitro and Biochemical Identification of Endotrypanum and Leishmania’. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 34 (6): 1098– 1108.
(12) Lainson, R., J. J. Shaw, R. D. Ward, P. D. Ready, and R. D. Naiff. 1979. ‘Leishmaniasis in Brazil: XIII. Isolation of Leishmania from Armadillos (Dasypus Novemcinctus), and Observations on the Epidemiology of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in North Pará State’. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 73 (2): 239–42.
(13) Lainson, R., J. J. Shaw, F. T. Silveira, R. R. Braga, and E. A. Ishikawa. 1990. ‘Cutaneous Leishmaniasis of Man Due to Leishmania (Viannia) Naiffi Lainson and Shaw, 1989’. Annales De Parasitologie Humaine Et Comparee 65 (5–6) : 282–84.
(14) Naiff, R. D., R. A. Freitas, M. F. Naiff, J. R. Arias, T. V. Barret, H. Momen, G. Grimaldi Júnior, et al. 1991. ‘Epidemiological and Nosological Aspects of Leishmania Naiffi Lainson & Shaw, 1989’. Memórias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 86 (3): 317–21.
(15) Thiel, Pieter-Paul A. M. van, Tom van Gool, Piet A. Kager, and Aldert Bart. 2010. ‘First Cases of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania (Viannia) Naiffi Infection in Surinam’. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 82 (4): 588–90.
50
(16) Tojal da Silva, Anna Christina, Elisa Cupolillo, Angela Cristina Volpini, Roque Almeida, and Gustavo Adolfo Sierra Romero. 2006. ‘Species Diversity Causing Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Rio Branco, State of Acre, Brazil’. Tropical Medicine & International Health: TM & IH 11 (9): 1388–98.
(17) Figueira, Luanda de Paula, Fabiane Soares, Maricleide de Farias Naiff, Susi Simas da Silva, Thaís Tibery Espir, Francimeire Gomes Pinheiro, and Antonia Maria Ramos Franco. 2014. ‘DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE CASOS DE LEISHMANIOSE TEGUMENTAR NO MUNICÍPIO DE RIO PRETO DA EVA, AMAZONAS, BRASIL’.
(18) (Snoek, E. M. Van Der, A. M. Lammers, L. M. Kortbeek, J. H. Roelfsema, A. Bart, and C. a. J. J. Jaspers. 2009. ‘Spontaneous Cure of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania Naiffi in Two Dutch Infantry Soldiers’. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 34 (8) : e889–91.
(19) Bart, A., P. P. a. M. van Thiel, H. J. C. de Vries, C. J. Hodiamont, and T. Van Gool. 2013. ‘Imported Leishmaniasis in the Netherlands from 2005 to 2012: Epidemiology, Diagnostic Techniques and Sequence-Based Species Typing from 195 Patients’. Euro Surveillance: Bulletin Europeen Sur Les Maladies Transmissibles = European Communicable Disease Bulletin 18 (30): 20544
(20) Buffet, Pierre A., Éric Rosenthal, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Edward Lightburne, Pierre Couppié, Gloria Morizot, Laurence Lachaud, Pierre Marty, and Jean-Pierre Dedet. 2011. ‘Traitement des leishmanioses en France : proposition d’un référentiel consensuel’. /data/revues/07554982/v40i2/S0755498210005713/, February
(21) Espir, Thaís Tibery, Luanda de Paula Figueira, Maricleide de Farias Naiff, Allyson Guimarães da Costa, Marcelo Ramalho-Ortigão, Adriana Malheiro, and Antonia Maria Ramos Franco. 2014. ‘The Role of Inflammatory, Anti-Inflammatory, and Regulatory Cytokines in Patients Infected with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Amazonas State, Brazil’. Journal of Immunology Research 2014
51
(22) Campos, Marliane Batista, Cláudia Maria De Castro Gomes, Adelson Alcimar Almeida de Souza, Ralph Lainson, Carlos Eduardo Pereira Corbett, and Fernando Tobias Silveira. 2008. ‘In Vitro Infectivity of Species of Leishmania (Viannia) Responsible for American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis’. Parasitology Research 103 (4): 771–76
(23) Montalvo Alvarez, Ana, Jorge Fraga, Lianet Monzote, I Montano, Simonne Dedoncker, Jean-Claude Dujardin, and Gert Van der Auwera. 2010. ‘Heat-Shock Protein 70 PCR-RFLP: A Universal Simple Tool for Leishmania Species Discrimination in the New and Old World’. Parasitology 137 (July): 1159–68.
(24) Matta, Nubia, Lea Finkelstein, Gerzia Machado, Alda Da-Cruz, and Leonor Leon. 2010. ‘Differences in the Antigenic Profile and Infectivity of Murine Macrophages of Leishmania (Viannia) Parasites’. The Journal of Parasitology 96 (June): 509–15.
(25) Figueira, Luanda de Paula, Michele Zanotti, Francimeire Gomes Pinheiro, and Antonia Maria Ramos Franco. 2008. ‘Caracterização isoenzimática de isolados humanos de Leishmania sp (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) dos municípios de Rio Preto da Eva e Manaus, Estado do Amazonas’. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 41 (5): 512–14.
(26) Kato, Hirotomo, Eduardo A. Gomez, Yu-ichi Yamamoto, Manuel Calvopiña, Angel G. Guevara, Jorge D. Marco, Paola A. Barroso, Hiroyuki Iwata, and Yoshihisa Hashiguchi. 2008. ‘Natural Infection of Lutzomyia Tortura with Leishmania (Viannia) Naiffi in an Amazonian Area of Ecuador’. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 79 (3): 438–40
(27) Guimarães-e-Silva, Antônia Suely, Soraia de Oliveira Silva, Rosa Cristina Ribeiro da Silva, Valéria Cristina Soares Pinheiro, José Manuel Macário Rebêlo, and Maria Norma Melo. 2017. ‘Leishmania Infection and Blood Food Sources of Phlebotomines in an Area of Brazil Endemic for Visceral and Tegumentary Leishmaniasis’. Edited by Bhaskar Saha. PLOS ONE 12 (8): e0179052.
(28) Brito, Maria Edileuza Felinto de, Maria Sandra Andrade, Filipe Dantas-Torres, Eduardo Henrique Gomes Rodrigues, Milena de Paiva Cavalcanti, Alzira Maria Paiva de Almeida, and Sinval Pinto Brandão-Filho. 2012. ‘Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Northeastern Brazil: A Critical Appraisal of Studies Conducted in State of Pernambuco’. Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 45 (4): 425–29
52
(29) Kent, Alida D, Thiago V Dos Santos, Anielkoemar Gangadin, Ashok Samjhawan, Dennis R A Mans, and Henk D F H Schallig. 2013. ‘Studies on the Sand Fly Fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) in High-Transmission Areas of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Republic of Suriname’. Parasites & Vectors 6 (November): 318.
(30) Quiroga, Cristina, Varsovia Cevallos, Diego Morales, Manuel E Baldeón, Paúl Cárdenas, Patricio Rojas-Silva, and Patricio Ponce. 2017. ‘Molecular Identification of Leishmania Spp. in Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) From Ecuador’. Journal of Medical Entomology 54 (6) : 1704–11.
(31) Vieira, V. R., A. C. R. Azevedo, J. R. C. Alves, A. E. Guimarães, and G. M. Aguiar. 2015. ‘Ecological Aspects of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in Areas of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, in the Municipality of Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. I-Index of Abundance by Location and Type of Capture’. Journal of Medical Entomology 52 (5): 886–95.
(32) Le Pont, F. 1990. ‘[Attraction of the armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus, L.) and guinea pigs for phlebotomines in French Guiana]’. Bulletin De La Societe De Pathologie Exotique (1990) 83 (5): 671–76.
(33) Gil, Luis HS, Sergio A Basano, Adelson A Souza, Maria GS Silva, Iorlando Barata, Edna A Ishikawa, Luís MA Camargo, and Jeffrey J Shaw. 2003. ‘Recent Observations on the Sand Fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) Fauna of the State of Rondônia, Western Amazônia, Brazil: The Importance of Psychdopygus Davisi as a Vector of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis’. Memórias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 98 (6): 751–55.
(34) Souza, Adelson Alcimar Almeida de, Thiago Vasconcelos dos Santos, Yara Lúcia Lins Jennings, Edna Aoba Yassui Ishikawa, Iorlando da Rocha Barata, Maria das Graças Soares Silva, José Aprígio Nunes Lima, Jeffrey Shaw, Ralph Lainson, and Fernando Tobias Silveira. 2016. ‘Natural Leishmania ( Viannia ) Spp. Infections in Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from the Brazilian Amazon Region Reveal New Putative Transmission Cycles of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis’. Parasite 23: 22.
53
(35) Souza, Adelson Alcimar Almeida de, Iorlando da Rocha Barata, Maria das Graças Soares Silva, José Aprígio Nunes Lima, Yara Lúcia Lins Jennings, Edna Aoba Yassui Ishikawa, Ghislaine Prévot, et al. 2017. ‘Natural Leishmania (Viannia) Infections of Phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) Indicate Classical and Alternative Transmission Cycles of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Guiana Shield, Brazil’. Parasite 24: 13.
(36) Azpurua, Jorge, Dianne De La Cruz, Anayansi Valderama, and Donald Windsor. 2010. ‘Lutzomyia Sand Fly Diversity and Rates of Infection by Wolbachia and an Exotic Leishmania Species on Barro Colorado Island, Panama’. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 4(3).
(37) Rigg, Chystrie A., José E. Calzada, Azael Saldaña, Milixa Perea, Luis F. Chaves, and Anayansi Valderrama. 2019. ‘Leishmania Spp. Infection Rate and Feeding Patterns of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from a Hyperendemic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Community in Panamá’. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 100(4):798–807
(38) Kato, Hirotomo, Manuel Calvopiña, Hipatia Criollo, and Yoshihisa Hashiguchi. 2013. ‘First Human Cases of Leishmania (Viannia) Naiffi Infection in Ecuador and Identification of Its Suspected Vector Species’. Acta Tropica 128(3):710–13.
(39) Arrivillaga-Henríquez, Jazzmín, Sandra Enríquez, Vanessa Romero, Gustavo Echeverría, Jorge Pérez-Barrera, Ana Poveda, Juan-Carlos Navarro, Alon Warburg, and Washington Benítez. 2017. ‘Eco-epidemiological aspects, natural detection and molecular identification of Leishmania spp. in Lutzomyia reburra, Lutzomyia barrettoi majuscula and Lutzomyia trapidoi’. Biomédica 37 (March): 83–97.
(40) Grimaldi, G., H. Momen, R. D. Naiff, D. McMahon-Pratt, and T. V. Barrett. 1991. ‘Characterization and Classification of Leishmanial Parasites from Humans, Wild Mammals, and Sand Flies in the Amazon Region of Brazil’. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 44 (6): 645–61.
(41) Wikipedia : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine-banded_armadillo
54
(42) Cássia-Pires, Renata, Mariana C. Boité, Paulo S. D’Andrea, Heitor M. Herrera, Elisa Cupolillo, Ana Maria Jansen, and André Luiz R. Roque. 2014. ‘Distinct Leishmania Species Infecting Wild Caviomorph Rodents (Rodentia: Hystricognathi) from Brazil’. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 8 (12).
(43) Silveira, Fernando T., Adelson A. A. Souza, Ralph Lainson, Jeffrey J. Shaw, Roseli R. Braga, Edna E. A. Ishikawa, Fernando T. Silveira, et al. 1991. ‘Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Amazon Region: Natural Infection of the Sandfly Lutzomyia Ubiquitalis (Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) by Leishmania (Viannia) Lainsoni in Pará State, Brazil’. Memórias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 86 (1): 127–30.
(44) Pereira Júnior, Antonio Marques, Carolina Bioni Garcia Teles, Ana Paula de Azevedo dos Santos, Moreno de Souza Rodrigues, Eric Fabrício Marialva, Felipe Arley Costa Pessoa, and Jansen Fernandes Medeiros. 2015. ‘Ecological Aspects and Molecular Detection of Leishmania DNA Ross (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in Phlebotomine Sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Terra Firme and Várzea Environments in the Middle Solimões Region, Amazonas State, Brazil’. Parasites & Vectors 8 (March).
(45) Cupolillo, Elisa, Gabriel Grimaldi Jr, and Hooman Momen. 1994. ‘A General Classification of New World Leishmania Using Numerical Zymotaxonomy’. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 50 (April): 296–311.
(46) Boité, Mariana C., Isabel L. Mauricio, Michael A. Miles, and Elisa Cupolillo. 2012. ‘New Insights on Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Population Genetics of Leishmania (Viannia) Parasites Based on Multilocus Sequence Analysis’. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 6 (11).
(47) Lucas, C. M., E. D. Franke, M. I. Cachay, A. Tejada, M. E. Cruz, R. D. Kreutzer, D. C. Barker, S. H. McCann, and D. M. Watts. 1998. ‘Geographic Distribution and Clinical Description of Leishmaniasis Cases in Peru’. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 59 (2): 312–17
55
(48) Meide, Wendy F. van der, Marije van der Paardt, William R. Faber, Annigje J. Jensema, Ralph A. E. Akrum, Leslie O. A. Sabajo, Rudy F. M. Lai A Fat, Lisa Lambregts, and Henk D. F. H. Schallig. 2008. ‘Epidemiology of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Suriname: A Study Performed in 2006’. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 79 (2): 192–97.
(49) Manomat, Jipada, Saovanee Leelayoova, Lertwut Bualert, Peerapan Tan-ariya, Suradej Siripattanapipong, Mathirut Mungthin, Tawee Naaglor, and Phunlerd Piyaraj. 2017. ‘Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Leishmania Infection in Trang Province, Southern Thailand’. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 11 (11).
(50) Victoir, K., A. L. Bañuls, J. Arevalo, A. Llanos-Cuentas, R. Hamers, S. Noël, S. De Doncker, D. Le Ray, M. Tibayrenc, and J. C. Dujardin. 1998. ‘The Gp63 Gene Locus, a Target for Genetic Characterization of Leishmania Belonging to Subgenus Viannia’. Parasitology 117 ( Pt 1) (July): 1–13.
(51) Corrêa, José R., Reginaldo P. Brazil, and Maurilio J. Soares. 2005. ‘Leishmania (Viannia) Lainsoni (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), a Divergent Leishmania of the Viannia Subgenus: A Mini Review’. Memórias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 100 (6): 587–92.
(52) Kato, Hirotomo, Abdon E. Bone, Tatsuyuki Mimori, Kazue Hashiguchi, Gonzalo F. Shiguango, Silvio V. Gonzales, Lenin N. Velez, Angel G. Guevara, Eduardo A. Gomez, and Yoshihisa Hashiguchi. 2016. ‘First Human Cases of Leishmania (Viannia) Lainsoni Infection and a Search for the Vector Sand Flies in Ecuador’. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 10 (5).
(53) Veland, Nicolas, Braulio Mark Valencia, Milena Alba, Vanessa Adaui, Alejandro LlanosCuentas, Jorge Arevalo, and Andrea K. Boggild. 2013. ‘Simultaneous Infection with Leishmania (Viannia) Braziliensis and L. (V.) Lainsoni in a Peruvian Patient with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis’. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 88 (4): 774–77.
56
(54) Yardley, Vanessa, Simon L. Croft, Simonne De Doncker, Jean-Claude Dujardin, Siddhartha Koirala, Suman Rijal, Cesar Miranda, Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas, and Francois Chappuis. 2005. ‘The Sensitivity of Clinical Isolates of Leishmania from Peru and Nepal to Miltefosine’. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 73 (2): 272–75.
(55) Bilbao-Ramos, Pablo, M. Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela, Oscar Cardenas-Alegría, Efraín Salamanca, José Antonio Santalla-Vargas, Cesar Benito, Ninoska Flores, and Francisco Bolás-Fernández. 2017. ‘Leishmaniasis in the Major Endemic Region of Plurinational State of Bolivia: Species Identification, Phylogeography and Drug Susceptibility Implications’. Acta Tropica 176 (December): 150–61.
(56) Silveira, F. T., R. Lainson, J. J. Shaw, L. M. Garcez, A. A. Souza, R. R. Braga, and E. A. Ishikawa. 1989. ‘[Experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis: I--on the susceptibility of the primate Cebus apella (Cebidae) to the infection caused by Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni Silveira, Shaw and Ishikawa, 1987]’. Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira De Medicina Tropical 22 (3): 125–30.
(57) Silveira, F. T., M. A. Moraes, R. Lainson, and J. J. Shaw. 1990. ‘[Experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. III. Histopathological aspects of the developmental behavior of the cutaneous lesion induced in Cebus apella (Primates: Cebidae) by Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni, L. (V.) braziliensis and L. (Leishmania) amazonensis]’. Revista Do Instituto De Medicina Tropical De Sao Paulo 32 (6): 387–94.
(58) Garcez, Lourdes Maria, Fernando Tobias Silveira, Abdallah El Harith, Ralph Lainson, and Jeffrey Jon Shaw. 1997. ‘Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: IV. The Humoral Response of Cebus Apella (Primates: Cebidae) to Infections of Leishmania (Leishmania) Amazonensis, L. (Viannia) Lainsoni and L. (V.) Braziliensis Using the Direct Agglutination Test’. Acta Tropica 68 (1): 65–76.
(59) Martinez, E., F. Le Pont, S. Mollinedo, and E. Cupolillo. 2001. ‘A First Case of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania (Viannia) Lainsoni in Bolivia’. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 95(4):375–77.
57
(60) Lainson, Ralph, Jeffrey J. Shaw, Adelson A. A. Souza, Fernando T. Silveira, Aloisio Falqueto, Ralph Lainson, Jeffrey J. Shaw, Adelson A. A. Souza, Fernando T. Silveira, and Aloisio Falqueto. 1992. ‘Further Observations on Lutzomyia Ubiquitalis (Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), the Sandfly Vector of Leishmania (Viannia) Lainsoni’. Memórias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 87 (3): 437–39.
(61) Bastrenta, B, R Buitrago, F Vargas, F Le Pont, M Torrez, M Flores, N Mita, and S. F Brenière. 2002. ‘First Evidence of Transmission of Leishmania (Viannia) Lainsoni in a Sub Andean Region of Bolivia’. Acta Tropica 83 (3): 249–53.
(62) Pereira-Filho, Adalberto Alves, Raquel Silva Fonteles, Maria da Conceição Abreu Bandeira, Jorge Luiz Pinto Moraes, José Manuel Macário Rebêlo, and Maria Norma Melo. 2018. ‘Molecular Identification of Leishmania Spp. in Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Brazil’. Journal of Medical Entomology 55 (4): 989–94.
(63) Sánchez Uzcátegui, Yetsenia D. V., Thiago Vasconcelos Dos Santos, Fernando T. Silveira, Patricia K. S. Ramos, Eduardo José M. Dos Santos, and Marinete M. Póvoa. 2019. ‘Phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) from a Urban Park of Belém, Pará State, Northern Brazil and Potential Implications in the Transmission of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis’. Journal of Medical Entomology.
(64) Valdivia, Hugo O., Maxy B. De Los Santos, Roberto Fernandez, G. Christian Baldeviano, Victor O. Zorrilla, Hubert Vera, Carmen M. Lucas, et al. 2012. ‘Natural Leishmania Infection of Lutzomyia Auraensis in Madre de Dios, Peru, Detected by a Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer–Based Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction’. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 87 (3): 511–17.
(65) Silveira, F. T., R. Lainson, J. J. Shaw, R. R. Braga, E. E. Ishikawa, and A. A. Souza. 1991. ‘[Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Amazonia: isolation of Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni from the rodent Agouti paca (Rodentia: Dasyproctidae), in the state of Pará, Brazil]’. Revista Do Instituto De Medicina Tropical De Sao Paulo 33(1):18–22.
(66) Roque, André Luiz R., and Ana Maria Jansen. 2014. ‘Wild and Synanthropic Reservoirs of Leishmania Species in the Americas’. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 3 (3): 251–62.
58
(67) Saldarriaga, Omar A., Alejandro Castellanos-Gonzalez, Renato Porrozzi, Gerald C. Baldeviano, Andrés G. Lescano, Maxy B. de Los Santos, Olga L. Fernandez, Nancy G. Saravia, Erika Costa, Peter C. Melby, and Bruno L. Travi. 2016. ‘An Innovative Field-Applicable Molecular Test to Diagnose Cutaneous Leishmania Viannia Spp. Infections’ edited by R. T. Fujiwara. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 10(4):e0004638.
(68) Loiseau, Rémi, Cecile Nabet, Stephane Simon, Marine Ginouves, Paul Brousse, Denis Blanchet, Magalie Demar, Pierre Couppie, and Romain Blaizot. n.d. ‘American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in French Guiana: An Epidemiological Update and Study of Environmental Risk Factors’. International Journal of Dermatology 0(0).
(69) Kuhls, Katrin, Elisa Cupolillo, Soraia O. Silva, Carola Schweynoch, Mariana Côrtes Boité, Maria N. Mello, Isabel Mauricio, Michael Miles, Thierry Wirth, and Gabriele Schönian. 2013. ‘Population Structure and Evidence for Both Clonality and Recombination among Brazilian Strains of the Subgenus Leishmania (Viannia)’. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 7(10).
(70) Muñoz, Erika B., Stephanie Santander, Patricio Rojas-Silva, Paul A. Cardenas, Marco Fornasini, Sara C. Cifuentes, Daniela Salvador, and Manuel E. Baldeón. 2016. ‘Diagnostic Efficacy of Molecular Techniques for Detection and Identification of Leishmania Species in Human Whole Blood and Skin Samples from Ecuador’. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 95(4):803–5.
(71) Montalvo, Ana M., Jorge Fraga, Dídier Tirado, Gustavo Blandón, Annia Alba, Gert Van der Auwera, Iván Darío Vélez, and Carlos Muskus. 2017. ‘Detection and Identification of Leishmania Spp.: Application of Two Hsp70-Based PCR-RFLP Protocols to Clinical Samples from the New World’. Parasitology Research 116(7):1843–48
(72) Müller, Karl Erik, Ricardo Andrade Zampieri, Juliana Ide Aoki, Sandra Marcia Muxel, Audun Helge Nerland, and Lucile Maria Floeter-Winter. 2018. ‘Amino Acid Permease 3 (Aap3) Coding Sequence as a Target for Leishmania Identification and Diagnosis of Leishmaniases Using High Resolution Melting Analysis’. Parasites & Vectors 11.
59
(73) Garcia, A. L., A. Kindt, K. W. Quispe-Tintaya, H. Bermudez, A. Llanos, J. Arevalo, A. L. Bañuls, S. De Doncker, D. Le Ray, and J. C. Dujardin. 2005. ‘American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis: Antigen-Gene Polymorphism, Taxonomy and Clinical Pleomorphism’. Infection, Genetics and Evolution: Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases 5(2):109–16.
(74) Arevalo, Jorge, Luis Ramirez, Vanessa Adaui, Mirko Zimic, Gianfranco Tulliano, César MirandaǦVerástegui, Marcela Lazo, Raúl LoayzaǦMuro, Simonne De Doncker, Anne Maurer, Francois Chappuis, JeanǦClaude Dujardin, and and Alejandro LlanosǦ Cuentas. 2007. ‘Influence of Leishmania (Viannia) Species on the Response to Antimonial Treatment in Patients with American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis’. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 195(12):1846–51.
(75) Shaw, Jeffrey, D. Faria, Sergio Basano, Carlos Corbett, Consuelo Rodrigues, Edna Ishikawa, and Luis Camargo. 2008. ‘The Aetiological Agents of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Municipality of Monte Negro, Rondônia State, Western Amazonia, Brazil’. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 101:681–88.
(76) Simon, Stéphane, Vincent Veron, and Bernard Carme. 2010. ‘Leishmania Spp. Identification by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis and Its Applications in French Guiana’. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 66(2):175–80.
(77) Fraga, Jorge, Ana Margarita Montalvo, Simonne De Doncker, Jean-Claude Dujardin, and Gert Van der Auwera. 2010. ‘Phylogeny of Leishmania Species Based on the Heat-Shock Protein 70 Gene’. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 10(2):238–45.
(78) Kato, Hirotomo, Abraham G. Cáceres, Tatsuyuki Mimori, Yuka Ishimaru, Amal S. M. Sayed, Megumi Fujita, Hiroyuki Iwata, Hiroshi Uezato, Lenin N. Velez, Eduardo A. L.