Annex Tables 4 and 5 present the first country-specific estimates of the causes of the burden of disease and attributable risk, in terms of both deaths and DALYs, for the WHO European Region.
Annex Table 7 presents burden of disease estimates in DALYs in children aged 0–14 years. These estimates were produced in 2004, specifically for this report, by the Global Burden of Disease project of the WHO Global Programme on Evidence for Health Policy.
The estimates of the burden of disease elaborate on previous results of the 2000 Global Burden of Disease study (1) as published in the world health reports for 2003 and 2004 (2,3), and use the most recent additional information available to WHO in 2004.
The estimates of attributable risk elaborate on the comparative risk assessment analyses carried out for The world health report 2002 (4), but with updated country data on the burden from and exposure to around four of the risk factors. Some changes were made in methods and results, in general small ones, as compared to those of the 2002 report and published by Ezzati et al. (5).
These prior estimates should be interpreted as the best estimates of WHO, rather than the official estimates of Member States. They have been computed using standard categories and methods to ensure cross-national comparability, and may not be the same as official national estimates produced using different but potentially equally rigorous methods. Documentation and summary tables on the Global Burden of Disease study (6) are available, along with software tools and a manual providing guidelines for conducting a national burden of disease study (7).
References
1. Mathers C et al. Global burden of disease in 2002: data sources, methods and results. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004 (http://www3.who.int/whosis/menu.cfm?path=evidence,bu rden,burden_gbd2000docs,burden_gbd2000docs_DP54&language=english, accessed 27 April 2005).
2. The world health report 2003 – Shaping the future. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2003 (http://www.who.int/whr/2003/en, accessed 25 May 2005).
3. The world health report 2004 – Changing history. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004 (http://www.who.int/whr/2004/en, accessed 27 April 2005).
4. The world health report 2002 – Reducing risks, promoting healthy life. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2002 (http://www.who.int/whr/2002/en/, accessed 27 April 2005).
5. Ezzati M et al. Comparative quantification of health risks: global and regional burden of disease attributable to selected major risk factors. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004.
6. The Global Burden of Disease project: results for 2002 and earlier years, methods,
documentation and publications. Manuals, resources and software for carrying out national burden of disease studies [web site]. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2005 (http://www.
who.int/evidence/bod, accessed 25 May 2005).
7. Mathers CD et al., eds. National burden of disease studies. A practical guide. Edition 2.0.
Geneva, World Health Organization, 2001 (http://www3.who.int/whosis/menu.cfm?path=evi dence,burden,burden_manual&language=english, accessed 25 May 2005).
Table 1. Population of the WHO European Region, 1990 to 2015 (projected)
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria
Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark
Republic of Moldova Romania
Russian Federation San Marino
Serbia and Montenegro Slovakia TFYR Macedoniac Turkey Turkmenistan Ukraine United Kingdom Uzbekistan
Total population (millions) 1990 2003 2015
Member State Average annual
population growth (%) 1990–2003 2003–2015
–0.3 2002 2015 43.2
Population under age 15 (% of total) 2003 2015
27.3
Population aged 65 and above 2003 2015
Total fertility
rate,
a Includes population of Kosovo until 2001.
b Data are for 1990 to 2001.
c The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.
Sources: World development indicators 2005. Washington, DC, World Bank, 2005 (http://www.worldbank.org/data/wdi2005/; accessed 25 May 2005), and Human development report 2004. Cultural liberty in today’s diverse world. New York, United Nations Development Programme (http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/2004/; accessed 25 May 2005).
Treatment success (%), 2002 Table 2. Basic public health indicators in the WHO European Region
Health expenditure, immunization and ill health
Member State Total health
expenditure, 2002
% of GDP
Per head (international
dollar rate) 6.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria
Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark
Republic of Moldova Romania
Russian Federation San Marino
Serbia and Montenegro Slovakia TFYR Macedoniac Turkey Turkmenistan Ukraine United Kingdom Uzbekistan
General government health expenditure, 2002
% of total expenditure
on health
% of total government expenditure
One-year-olds immunized (%), 2003
With DTP3
Against measles detected (%), 2003
c The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.
Note. WHO computed the figures to ensure comparability; they are not necessarily the official statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.
Sources: The world health report 2005 – Make every mother and child count. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2005 (http://www.who.int/whr/2005/en, accessed 25 May 2005) and World health statistics 2005. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2005 (http://www3.who.int/statistics/, accessed 30 May 2005).
Life expectancy and mortality
Life expectancy at birth (years), 2003 Males Females
69
Adult mortality rate (per 1000 population aged 15–60 years), 2003
Males Females
167
Under-5 mortality rate (per 1000 live births) Under 5
years, 2003
Before 28 days, 2000
21
Maternal mortality rate (per 100 000 live births) WHO estimate,
2000
Reported, 1995–2003
Coverage of registration of deaths (%), 2003 or latest available year
94 Stunting
in children under 5 weight
(%),
Average annual growth of GDP (%)
Share of income or consumption (%)
Inequality measures GDP
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria
Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark
Republic of Moldova Romania
Russian Federation San Marino
Serbia and Montenegro Slovakia TFYR Macedoniaa Turkey Turkmenistan Ukraine United Kingdom Uzbekistan Member State
1980–1990 1990–2003 Poorest 10%
Poorest 20%
Richest 20%
Richest 10%
Ratio of income or consumption share of richest 10% to
poorest 10%
Gini Note. WHO computed the figures to ensure comparability; they are not necessarily the official statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.
Sources: World development indicators 2005. Washington, DC, World Bank, 2005 (http://www.worldbank.org/data/wdi2005/; accessed 2 May 2005) and Human development report 2004. Cultural liberty in today’s diverse world. New York, United Nations Development Programme (http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/2004/; accessed 2 May 2005).
Table 3. Level and distribution of income in the WHO European Region
a The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.
ALBANIAANDORRAARMENIAAUSTRIA
Table 4. Deaths and DALYs attributable to the 10 leading causes in the WHO European Region, 2002
Mortality DALYs
Member State
Causes Total
deaths
Cerebrovascular disease Ischaemic heart disease Lower respiratory infections Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Stomach cancer
Liver cancer Perinatal conditions Hypertensive heart disease Nephritis and nephrosis
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease All causes
1.
All causes 1.
Unipolar depressive disorders Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease Perinatal conditions Lower respiratory infections Osteoarthritis
Falls
Iodine deficiency Hearing loss, adult onset Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer
502 753
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease Alzheimer’s and other dementias Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Colon and rectum cancer
Diabetes mellitus
Lower respiratory infections Breast cancer
Road-traffic accidents
Unipolar depressive disorders Alcohol-use disorders
Alzheimer’s and other dementias Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease Hearing loss, adult onset
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Road-traffic accidents
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Diabetes mellitus
All causes 1.
All causes 1.
All causes 1.
All causes 1.
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease Diabetes mellitus
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Inflammatory heart diseases
Hypertensive heart disease Breast cancer
Stomach cancer Cirrhosis of the liver
Ischaemic heart disease Unipolar depressive disorders Cerebrovascular disease Perinatal conditions Diabetes mellitus Hearing loss, adult onset Congenital anomalies Vision disorders, age-related Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 26 148
516 208 65 285 All causes
1.
All causes 1.
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Colon and rectum cancer
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Cirrhosis of the liver
Breast cancer Self-inflicted injuries Diabetes mellitus Hypertensive heart disease
Unipolar depressive disorders Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease Alcohol-use disorders Hearing loss, adult onset Alzheimer’s and other dementias Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Self-inflicted injuries
Cirrhosis of the liver 70 450
969 681 95 118
Source: data from Mathers C et al. Global burden of disease in 2002: data sources, methods and results. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004 (http://www3.
who.int/whosis/menu.cfm?path=evidence,burden,burden_gbd2000docs,burden_gbd2000docs_DP54&language=english, accessed 25 May 2005).
AZERBAIJANBELARUSBELGIUMBOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Table 4 contd
Mortality DALYs
Member State
Causes Total
deaths
Ischaemic heart disease Lower respiratory infections Unipolar depressive disorders Perinatal conditions Cerebrovascular disease Diarrhoeal diseases Tuberculosis
Hearing loss, adult onset Anaemia
Diabetes mellitus All causes
1.
All causes 1. 180 052 156 395 99 044
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Poisonings
Self-inflicted injuries
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Stomach cancer
Colon and rectum cancer HIV/AIDS
Drownings
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease Unipolar depressive disorders Self-inflicted injuries Poisonings
Alcohol-use disorders
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease HIV/AIDS
Road-traffic accidents Hearing loss, adult onset All causes
1.
All causes 1.
143 574 59 423 382 458 188 174 107 552 78 206
All causes 1.
All causes 1.
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Lower respiratory infections
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Alzheimer’s and other dementias Colon and rectum cancer Breast cancer
Self-inflicted injuries Prostate cancer
Unipolar depressive disorders Ischaemic heart disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Cerebrovascular disease
Alzheimer’s and other dementias Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Alcohol-use disorders
Hearing loss, adult onset Self-inflicted injuries Road-traffic accidents 102 947
14 985 131 685 88 271 All causes
1.
All causes 1.
Cerebrovascular disease Ischaemic heart disease Inflammatory heart diseases Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Diabetes mellitus
Colon and rectum cancer Self-inflicted injuries Liver cancer
Nephritis and nephrosis Cirrhosis of the liver
Cerebrovascular disease Unipolar depressive disorders Ischaemic heart disease Inflammatory heart diseases Osteoarthritis
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Perinatal conditions
Hearing loss, adult onset Self-inflicted injuries Vision disorders, age-related 34 894
649 408 63 065 Ischaemic heart disease
Lower respiratory infections Unipolar depressive disorders Perinatal conditions Cerebrovascular disease Diarrhoeal diseases Tuberculosis
Hearing loss, adult onset Anaemia
Diabetes mellitus
BULGARIACROATIACYPRUSCZECH REPUBLIC
Mortality DALYs
Member State
Causes Total
deaths
All causes 1.
All causes 1.
106 748 26 638
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease Unipolar depressive disorders Osteoarthritis
Diabetes mellitus Hearing loss, adult onset Alcohol-use disorders Hypertensive heart disease Vision disorders, age-related Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer
1 464 368 179 532 164 980 94 865
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Colon and rectum cancer Cirrhosis of the liver Stomach cancer Breast cancer Self-inflicted injuries Lower respiratory infections Hypertensive heart disease
Cerebrovascular disease Ischaemic heart disease Unipolar depressive disorders Alcohol-use disorders
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Hearing loss, adult onset
Cirrhosis of the liver
Alzheimer’s and other dementias Road-traffic accidents
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease All causes
1.
All causes 1.
709 409 77 915
All causes 1.
All causes 1.
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease Lower respiratory infections Road-traffic accidents
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Breast cancer
Colon and rectum cancer Nephritis and nephrosis Bladder cancer Stomach cancer
Unipolar depressive disorders Ischaemic heart disease Vision disorders, age-related Road-traffic accidents Hearing loss, adult onset Cataracts
Diabetes mellitus Cerebrovascular disease Lower respiratory infections Schizophrenia
108 491 7 476 All causes
1.
All causes 1.
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Colon and rectum cancer Lower respiratory infections Breast cancer
Cirrhosis of the liver
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Falls
Self-inflicted injuries
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease Unipolar depressive disorders Alcohol-use disorders
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Hearing loss, adult onset Colon and rectum cancer Alzheimer’s and other dementias Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Self-inflicted injuries
103 313 25 899 163 488 115 113 104 052 63 520 Ischaemic heart disease
Cerebrovascular disease Hypertensive heart disease Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Colon and rectum cancer Diabetes mellitus Stomach cancer
Lower respiratory infections Cirrhosis of the liver Self-inflicted injuries
DENMARKESTONIAFINLANDFRANCE
Mortality DALYs
Member State
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Colon and rectum cancer Falls
Alzheimer’s and other dementias Breast cancer
Diabetes mellitus
Lower respiratory infections All causes
1.
All causes 1.
Unipolar depressive disorders Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Ischaemic heart disease
Cerebrovascular disease Alcohol-use disorders
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Alzheimer’s and other dementias Hearing loss, adult onset Colon and rectum cancer Diabetes mellitus
750 197 61 059
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Poisonings
Self-inflicted injuries Colon and rectum cancer Hypertensive heart disease Stomach cancer
Lower respiratory infections Inflammatory heart diseases
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease Unipolar depressive disorders Poisonings
Alcohol-use disorders Self-inflicted injuries Hearing loss, adult onset Road-traffic accidents Violence
Osteoarthritis All causes
1.
All causes 1.
264 152 33 180
All causes 1.
All causes 1.
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease Alzheimer’s and other dementias Lower respiratory infections Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Self-inflicted injuries
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Colon and rectum cancer
Falls Breast cancer
Unipolar depressive disorders Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease Alzheimer’s and other dementias Alcohol-use disorders
Self-inflicted injuries Hearing loss, adult onset Osteoarthritis
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 48 461
667 725 72 348 All causes
1.
All causes 1.
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Lower respiratory infections Colon and rectum cancer Alzheimer’s and other dementias Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Breast cancer
Diabetes mellitus Falls
Unipolar depressive disorders Alcohol-use disorders
Alzheimer’s and other dementias Cerebrovascular disease Hearing loss, adult onset Ischaemic heart disease Road-traffic accidents
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Self-inflicted injuries
499 040 45 501 761 929 398 770 288 825 259 266 253 702 248 323 245 691 243 306 205 199 174 870
100.0
Causes Causes
Table 4 contd
GEORGIAGERMANYGREECEHUNGARY
Mortality DALYs
Member State
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease Cirrhosis of the liver Diabetes mellitus
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Perinatal conditions
Breast cancer
Lower respiratory infections Stomach cancer
Tuberculosis All causes 1.
All causes 1.
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease Unipolar depressive disorders Perinatal conditions Osteoarthritis Drug-use disorders Cirrhosis of the liver Hearing loss, adult onset Diabetes mellitus
Vision disorders, age-related
892 192 163 411 122 449 61 490
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Colon and rectum cancer
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Diabetes mellitus
Lower respiratory infections Breast cancer
Hypertensive heart disease Cirrhosis of the liver
Ischaemic heart disease Unipolar depressive disorders Alcohol-use disorders Cerebrovascular disease Hearing loss, adult onset Alzheimer’s and other dementias Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Cirrhosis of the liver
Osteoarthritis All causes
1.
All causes 1.
815 401 172 717 79 326 871 228 818 642 521 875 513 718 393 423 377 824 353 787 334 100 264 492 251 575
100.0
All causes 1.
All causes 1.
Cerebrovascular disease Ischaemic heart disease
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Colon and rectum cancer Upper respiratory infections Road-traffic accidents Liver cancer Breast cancer Stomach cancer
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cerebrovascular disease Ischaemic heart disease Unipolar depressive disorders Road-traffic accidents Hearing loss, adult onset Alzheimer’s and other dementias Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Alcohol-use disorders
Diabetes mellitus Osteoarthritis 130 517 111 885 72 775 All causes
1.
All causes 1.
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Cirrhosis of the liver
Colon and rectum cancer Hypertensive heart disease Falls
Self-inflicted injuries
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Breast cancer
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease Unipolar depressive disorders Cirrhosis of the liver Alcohol-use disorders
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Hearing loss, adult onset
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Self-inflicted injuries
Osteoarthritis 122 161
29 420 186 226 121 473 104 867 93 358
Causes Causes
ICELANDIRELANDISRAELITALY
Table 4 contd
Mortality DALYs
Member State
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Alzheimer’s and other dementias Lower respiratory infections
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Colon and rectum cancer
Breast cancer Prostate cancer Pancreatic cancer All causes
1.
All causes 1.
Unipolar depressive disorders Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease Alzheimer’s and other dementias Hearing loss, adult onset
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Self-inflicted injuries
Alcohol-use disorders Road-traffic accidents
28 340
Ischaemic heart disease Lower respiratory infections Cerebrovascular disease
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Colon and rectum cancer
Breast cancer Prostate cancer
Lymphomas, multiple myeloma Self-inflicted injuries
Unipolar depressive disorders Ischaemic heart disease Alcohol-use disorders Cerebrovascular disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Hearing loss, adult onset
Alzheimer’s and other dementias Road-traffic accidents
Asthma
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer All causes
1.
All causes 1.
487 635 40 534
All causes 1.
All causes 1.
Ischaemic heart disease Diabetes mellitus Cerebrovascular disease Colon and rectum cancer Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Breast cancer
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Nephritis and nephrosis
Lower respiratory infections Lymphomas, multiple myeloma
Unipolar depressive disorders Ischaemic heart disease Diabetes mellitus Hearing loss, adult onset Alzheimer’s and other dementias Perinatal conditions
Cerebrovascular disease Congenital anomalies Endocrine disorders Drug-use disorders 35 355
658 655 82 393 All causes
1.
All causes 1.
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Hypertensive heart disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Diabetes mellitus
Colon and rectum cancer Lower respiratory infections Alzheimer’s and other dementias Breast cancer
Unipolar depressive disorders Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease Alzheimer’s and other dementias Hearing loss, adult onset Diabetes mellitus
Trachea bronchus lung cancers Alcohol-use disorders Road-traffic accidents Osteoarthritis 570 710
92 928 464 873 450 953 385 564 304 193 272 459 253 447 238 299 227 530 182 555 177 068
100.0
Causes Causes
KAZAKHSTANKYRGYZSTANLATVIALITHUANIA
Mortality DALYs
Member State
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease Poisonings
Self-inflicted injuries Hypertensive heart disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Tuberculosis
Trachea bronchus lung cancers Lower respiratory infections Cirrhosis of the liver All causes
1.
All causes 1.
184 078 51 948
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease Poisonings
Unipolar depressive disorders Self-inflicted injuries Perinatal conditions Tuberculosis
Lower respiratory infections Violence
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
3 752 121 409 227 248 561 186 699 163 543 137 970 119 481 118 961 109 198 104 789 97 422
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Perinatal conditions
Lower respiratory infections Cirrhosis of the liver Tuberculosis Stomach cancer Nephritis and nephrosis Self-inflicted injuries
Perinatal conditions Cerebrovascular disease Ischaemic heart disease Lower respiratory infections Unipolar depressive disorders Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Congenital anomalies
Cirrhosis of the liver Tuberculosis Diarrhoeal diseases All causes
1.
All causes 1.
All causes 1.
All causes 1.
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Self-inflicted injuries
Colon and rectum cancer Inflammatory heart diseases Stomach cancer
Road-traffic accidents Falls
Breast cancer
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease Unipolar depressive disorders Alcohol-use disorders Road-traffic accidents Inflammatory heart diseases Self-inflicted injuries Hearing loss, adult onset Osteoarthritis
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer 33 451
482 223 60 445 All causes
1.
All causes 1.
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease Self-inflicted injuries
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Colon and rectum cancer
Stomach cancer Road-traffic accidents Poisonings
Cirrhosis of the liver
Ischaemic heart disease Unipolar depressive disorders Cerebrovascular disease Self-inflicted injuries Road-traffic accidents Alcohol-use disorders Hearing loss, adult onset Osteoarthritis
Violence
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer 41 060
625 222 77 874
Causes Causes
LUXEMBOURGMALTAMONACONETHERLANDS
Table 4 contd
Mortality DALYs
Member State
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Colon and rectum cancer
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Lower respiratory infections
Breast cancer
Alzheimer’s and other dementias Cirrhosis of the liver
Self-inflicted injuries All causes
1.
All causes 1.
Unipolar depressive disorders Alcohol-use disorders Cerebrovascular disease Ischaemic heart disease Hearing loss, adult onset Road-traffic accidents
Alzheimer’s and other dementias Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Self-inflicted injuries
55 069
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease Lower respiratory infections Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Colon and rectum cancer Diabetes mellitus Breast cancer
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Skin conditions
Nephritis and nephrosis
Ischaemic heart disease Unipolar depressive disorders Cerebrovascular disease Diabetes mellitus Hearing loss, adult onset Alzheimer’s and other dementias Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Alcohol-use disorders
Osteoarthritis All causes
1.
All causes 1.
All causes 1.
All causes 1.
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Lower respiratory infections Colon and rectum cancer
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Endocrine disorders
Breast cancer Falls
Diabetes mellitus
Unipolar depressive disorders Alcohol-use disorders Hearing loss, adult onset Cerebrovascular disease Ischaemic heart disease Alzheimer’s and other dementias Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Road-traffic accidents
Endocrine disorders 261 All causes
1.
All causes 1.
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease
Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer Lower respiratory infections
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Alzheimer’s and other dementias Colon and rectum cancer Breast cancer
Diabetes mellitus Prostate cancer
Unipolar depressive disorders Ischaemic heart disease
Unipolar depressive disorders Ischaemic heart disease