CHAPTER 4. BEAM MONITOR REACTIONS
4.1. Protons
4.1.8. nat Cu(p,x) 65 Zn
A total of 30 published cross-section data sets were found in the literature in the energy range considered. While 21 papers were rejected, 9 were selected for further evaluation. The compiler did the corrections for gamma ray abundance where it was necessary.
The list of related references given below is accompanied with additional information.
We mention availability of data in the computerized database EXFOR (if available, unique EXFOR reference number is given). Furthermore, we indicate a reason why a data set was excluded (reference denoted by an asterisk*).
* Albert, R.D., Hansen, L.F.:
10 MeV proton reaction cross-sections for 63Cu and 65Cu.
Physical Review Letters 6 (1961) 13
— Exfor: none
— Data excluded: only one or two cross-section values presented.
* Albouy, G., Gusakow, M., Poffé, N., Sergolle, H., Valentin, L.:
Réaction (p,n) a moyenne énergie.
Journal de Physique 23 (1962) 1000
— Exfor: B0106
— Data excluded: cross-section data not only too high but the energy error was also large.
* Antropov, A.E., Gusev, V.P., Zarubin, P.P., Ioannu, P.D., Padalko, V.Yu.:
Measurements of total cross-sections for the (p,n) reaction on medium weight nuclei at the proton energy 6 MeV.
30th Annual Conference on Nuclear Spectroscopy and Nuclear Structure, Leningrad, 18 — 21 March 1980, p. 316
— Exfor: A0072
— Data excluded: only one or two cross-section values presented.
Barrandon, J.N., Debrun, J.L., Kohn, A., Spear, R.H.:
Étude du dosage de Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu et Zn par activation avec des protons d´énergie limitée a 20 MeV.
Nuclear Instruments Methods 127 (1975) 269
— Exfor: O0086
* Blaser, J.-P., Boehm, F., Marmier, P., Peaslee, D.C.:
Fonctions d´excitation de la réaction (p,n). (I) Helvetia Physica Acta 24 (1951) 3
— Exfor: B0048
— Data excluded: large energy shift.
* Chackett, K.F., Chackett, G.A., Ismail, L.:
The (p,n) reaction cross-section of copper for 9.3 MeV protons.
Proceedings Physical Society (London) 80 (1962) 738
— Exfor: B0070
— Data excluded: only one or two cross-section values presented.
Collé, R., Kishore, R., and Cumming, J.B.:
Excitation functions for (p,n) reactions to 25 MeV on 63Cu, 65Cu and 107Ag.
Physical Review C9 (1974) 1819
— Exfor: B0057
* Dell, G.F., Ploughe, W.D., and Hausman, H.J.:
Total reaction cross-sections in the mass range 45 to 65.
Nuclear Physics 64 (1965) 513
— Exfor: B0064
— Data excluded: only one or two cross-section values presented.
* Dittrich, B.:
Radiochemische Untersuchung Protonen- und a-induzierter Spallations— und Fragmentationsreaktionen mit Hilfe der Gamma- und Beschleunigermassen-Spektroskopie.
Dissertation, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, 1990
— Exfor: none
— Data excluded: only one or two cross-section values presented.
Dmitriev, P.P., Konstantinov, I.S., Krasnov, N.N.:
Excitation function for the 65Cu (p,n)65Zn reaction.
Atomnaya Energiya 24 (1968) 279
— Exfor: none
* Gadioli, E., Grassi Strini, A.M., Lo Bianco, G., Strini, G., Tagliaferri, G.:
Excitation functions of 51V, 56Fe, 65Cu(p,n) reactions between 10 and 45 MeV.
Nuovo Cimento A22 (1974) 547
— Exfor: B0027
— Data excluded: large energy shift.
* Green, M.W., Lebowitz, E.:
Proton reactions with copper for auxiliary cyclotron beam monitoring.
Applied Radiation Isotopes 23 (1972) 342
— Exfor: B0074
— Data excluded: too high cross-sections.
* Greenwood, L.R., Smither, R.K.:
Measurement of Cu spallation cross-sections at IPNS.
DOE/ER-0046/18 (1984) 11
— Exfor: none
— Data excluded: too high cross-sections.
Grütter, A.:
Excitation functions for radioactive isotopes produced by proton bombardment of Cu and Al in the energy range of 16 to 70 MeV.
Nuclear Physics A383 (1982) 98
— Exfor: A0178
Hansen, L.F., Albert, R.D.:
Statistical theory predictions for 5 to 11 MeV (p,n) and (p,p´) nuclear reactions in 51V, 59Co,
63Cu, 65Cu, and 103Rh.
Physical Review 128 (1962) 291
— Exfor: B0066
* Heydegger, H.R., Garrett, C.K., Van Ginneken, A.:
Thin-target cross-sections for some Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Zn nuclides produced in copper by 82 to 416 MeV protons.
Physical Review C6 (1972) 1235
— Exfor: none
— Data excluded: only one or two cross-section values presented.
* Howe, H.A.:
(p,n) cross-sections of copper and zinc.
Physical Review 109 (1958) 2085
— Exfor: B0060
— Data excluded: too high cross-sections.
* Humes, R.M., Dell, G.F.Jr, Ploughe, W.D., Hausman, H.J.:
(p,n) cross-sections at 6.75 MeV.
Physical Review 130 (1963) 1522
— Exfor: B0061
— Data excluded: only one or two cross-section values presented.
Johnson, C.H., Galonsky, A., Ulrich, J.P.:
Proton strength functions from (p,n) cross-sections.
Physical Review 109 (1958) 1243
— Exfor: B0046
* Johnson, C.H., Galonsky, A., Inskeep, C.N.:
Cross-sections for (p,n) reactions in intermediate-weight nuclei.
Progress Report ORNL-2910 (1960) 25
— Exfor: B0068
— Data excluded: large energy shift.
* Jones, G.A., Schiffer, J.P., Huizenga, J.R., Wing, J.W.:
Measurement of (p,n) cross-sections on Cu at 9.85 MeV.
Report TID-12696 (1961)
— Exfor: B0063
— Data excluded: only one or two cross-section values presented.
* Jung, P.:
Helium production and long-term activation by protons and deuterons in metals for fusion reactor application.
J. Nuclear Materials 144 (1987) 43
— Exfor: none
— Data excluded: the three data points seemed too high.
* Kormali, S.M., Swindle, D.L., Schweikert, E.A.:
Charged particle activation of medium Z elements. II. Proton excitation functions.
J. Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 31 (1976) 437
— Exfor: D4073
— Data excluded: large energy shift.
Kopecky, P.:
Proton beam monitoring via the Cu(p,x)58Co, 63Cu(p,2n)62Zn and 65Cu(p,n)65Zn reactions in copper.
Int. J. Applied Radiation Isotopes 36 (1985) 657
— Exfor: A0333
* Levkovski, V.N.:
Activation cross-sections for the nuclides of medium mass region (A = 40–100) with protons and a particles at medium (E = 10–50 MeV) energies. (Experiment and systematics)
Inter-Vesi, Moscow (1991)
— Exfor: A0150
— Data excluded: too high cross-sections.
* Meyer, V., Hintz, N.M.:
Charged particle and total reaction cross-sections for protons at 9.85 MeV.
Physical Review Letters 5 (1960) 207
— Exfor: none
— Data excluded: only one or two cross-section values presented.
Mills, S.J., Steyn, G.F., Nortier, F.M.:
Experimental and theoretical excitation functions of radionuclides produced in proton bombardment of copper up to 200 MeV.
Applied Radiation Isotopes 43 (1992) 1019
— Exfor: A0507
— Data excluded below 22 MeV, because they are energy shifted. Above 22 MeV the cross-section data agree within the errors with the other selected data and were included in the selection.
* Shore, B.W., Wall, N.S., Irvine, J.W.Jr.:
Interactions of 7.5 MeV protons with copper and vanadium.
Physical Review 123 (1961) 276
— Exfor: B0067
— Data excluded: only one or two cross-section values presented.
* Switkowski, Z.E., Heggie, J.C.P., Mann, F.M.:
Threshold effects in proton-induced reactions on copper.
Australian J. Physics 31 (1978) 253
— Exfor: none
— Data excluded: only neutron emission measured; cross-section data too low.
Wing, J., Huizenga, J.R.:
(p,n) cross-sections of 51V, 52Cr, 63Cu, 65Cu, 107Ag, 109Ag, 111Cd, 114Cd and 139La from 5 to 10.5 MeV.
Physical Review 128 (1962) 280
— Exfor: B0065
The data from all experimental papers where numerical values are available (30 papers), are collected in Fig. 4.1.8a. The scatter of 21 data sets is large, therefore only 9 papers were selected.
Cross-sections were calculated by two different versions of the nuclear reaction model code ALICE (denoted as HMS(FG) and IPPE) and by two fitting procedures (Padé with 20 parameters and Spline). These results are compared with the selected experimental data in Fig. 4.1.8b. It is seen that model calculations give good predictions, but fits do better.
The best approximation was judged to be the Padé fit. Recommended cross-sections are compared with selected experimental data, including their error bars, in Fig. 4.1.8c. The corresponding numerical values are tabulated in Tab. 4.1.8.
natCu(p,x)65Zn
Incident particle energy (MeV)
Cross section (mb)
Figure 4.1.8a. All experimental data.
natCu(p,x)65Zn
Incident particle energy (MeV)
Cross section (mb)
Figure 4.1.8b. Selected experimental data in comparison with theoretical calculations and fits.
natCu(p,x)65Zn
Incident particle energy (MeV)
Cross section (mb)
Figure 4.1.8c. Selected experimental data and recommended cross-section curve.
TABLE 4.1.8. RECOMMENDED CROSS-SECTION DATA FOR THE natCu(p,x)65Zn REACTION
Energy Cross-section Energy Cross-section Energy Cross-section Energy Cross-section MeV mb MeV mb MeV mb MeV mb
TABLE 4.1.8. (cont.)
Energy Cross-section Energy Cross-section Energy Cross-section Energy Cross-section MeV mb MeV mb MeV mb MeV mb
15.5 73.9 40.0 5.8 64.5 3.5 89.0 2.5 16.0 62.7 40.5 5.7 65.0 3.5 89.5 2.5 16.5 53.3 41.0 5.6 65.5 3.5 90.0 2.5 17.0 45.7 41.5 5.6 66.0 3.4 90.5 2.4 17.5 39.4 42.0 5.5 66.5 3.4 91.0 2.4 18.0 34.2 42.5 5.4 67.0 3.4 91.5 2.4 18.5 30.0 43.0 5.4 67.5 3.3 92.0 2.4 19.0 26.5 43.5 5.3 68.0 3.3 92.5 2.4 19.5 23.7 44.0 5.2 68.5 3.3 93.0 2.4 20.0 21.3 44.5 5.2 69.0 3.3 93.5 2.4 20.5 19.3 45.0 5.1 69.5 3.2 94.0 2.3 21.0 17.7 45.5 5.1 70.0 3.2 94.5 2.3 21.5 16.3 46.0 5.0 70.5 3.2 95.0 2.3 22.0 15.1 46.5 5.0 71.0 3.2 95.5 2.3 22.5 14.1 47.0 4.9 71.5 3.1 96.0 2.3 23.0 13.3 47.5 4.8 72.0 3.1 96.5 2.3 23.5 12.5 48.0 4.8 72.5 3.1 97.0 2.3 24.0 11.9 48.5 4.7 73.0 3.1 97.5 2.3 24.5 11.3 49.0 4.7 73.5 3.1 98.0 2.2 25.0 10.9 49.5 4.6 74.0 3.0 98.5 2.2 25.5 10.4 50.0 4.6 74.5 3.0 99.0 2.2 26.0 10.1 50.5 4.5 75.0 3.0 99.5 2.2 26.5 9.7 51.0 4.5 75.5 3.0 100.0 2.2
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