Liste de contributions

Les contributions doctorales que nous revendiquons essentiellement dans cette thèse sont les suivantes :

— Nous avons étudié la possibilité de varier la technique d’injection verrouillée afin d’ac- croître la bande d’injection en fréquence. Nous avons proposé un nouveau circuit d’oscillateur LC et en anneau avec une injection double, tout en exploitant le courant et la tension des entrées à la fois.

— Nous avons conçu un bloc de conversion du signal modulé en fréquence en un signal modulé. Ce module nous a permis de combiner les avantages de deux topologies de modulation. Les résultats observés sont prometteurs. Ceci nous a donné la chance d’utiliser les architectures simples à détection d’enveloppe avec un signal modulé en fréquence pour un débit de transmission élevé.

d’un circuit de réveil nous a permis de maximiser la durée de vie des batteries ainsi d’avoir un contrôle permanent du canal RF.

— Nous avons assemblé trois designs pour réussir un émetteur-récepteur au complet. Le circuit au complet inclut un émetteur FSK. un récepteur FSK, un récepteur de réveil OOK et un synthétiseur de fréquence pour générer la fréquence porteuse. Ce système, apporte une nouvelle solution, respectant les contraintes exigées pour les circuits de communication médicales, consommant moins de 1 mW.

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ANNEXE A ADAPTATION DES IMPÉDANCES

La problème de l’adaptation d’impédance se manifeste à chaque fois que l’on veut connec- ter deux systèmes ou circuits entre eux et transférer un maximum de puissance. Le réseau d’adaptation est un étage électrique responsable de la transformation d’impédances entre deux circuits RF, de manière à minimiser les pertes d’énergie. Le moyen le plus utilisé et le plus efficaces pour concevoir cette tache consiste en l’utilisation d’éléments passifs, comme les inductances, capacités et lignes de transmission. La méthode avec laquelle ces blocs sont disposés permet d’accomplir une transformation d’impédances déterminée. Le choix de la technique d’adaptation dépend essentiellement de l’application, de la technologie disponible et de plusieurs éléments, tels que la couverture d’impédances, les pertes d’insertion et l’occu- pation en surface. La noyau de base d’un circuit d’adaptation des impédances complexes est formé de la comninaison de deux éléments passifs, l’un en série et l’autre en parallèle [81]. Lorsque le circuit d’adaptation est constitué d’un seul noyau de base, le circuit est dit en L, alors que si l’on ajoute un deuxième bloc, on aura une architecture en 2L, en T ou en Π, comme le montre la figure A.1.

Le principe de la transmission optimale de puissance exige que le transfert de puissance ne sera maximal que si les impédances sont adaptées, cela signifie que ZL= Z0 comme le montre

la figure A.2. Sinon, ceci va causer une réflexion de l’onde émise par la source.

Figure A.2 Schéma d’une source RF connectée à une charge.

En général, lorsque la plage d’impédances que le circuit d’adaptation doit couvrir est petite et bien déterminée, des solutions simples et moins encombrante sont recommandées. Dans notre système proposé, on a opté pour une topologie LC à un seul étage d’adaptation. Dans le cas où on cherche à transformer une impédance ZS en une impédance ZP. On peut connecter

une inductance en série avec ZS suivie d’une capacité en parallèle, Figure. Les valeurs de

l’inductance et de la capacité sont donc calculées de manière à convertir ZS en ZP à une

fréquence donnée.