INTRODUCTION

*+A$D5CA76AC57AB3""965287AC33B57A52A697525 ********************************************************************************************** 14A 6+2+21$CB1 9D 1 CB1CB1#9 BECB +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 7?1 6+2+61$CB1 CB1CB1E9CB1!C!9DCB +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 7@1 6+2+71$CB1 CB1DCE9CB<1CB1 CB1C19ABC9FCB +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 7@1 *A5AE98DC37E5AC33B3(5****************************************************************************************************************************** 08A *1ADAE73832AC33B3(5AB57AE36DC57A5D6,857 ****************************************************************************** 04A 6+7+213CDC91CD1 CB1EE ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 9:1 6+7+61$CB1&&A9CDECB1BBCB1C1 CB+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 9:1 6+7+71$CB1CB19B ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 9?1 6+7+91=9EDB1DEC9DCB +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 9@1

3. LINFLUENCE DU CYCLE CELLULAIRE ET DU CYCLE NYCTHEMERAL SUR LA COMPOSITION LIPIDIQUE ... 48

1*+A)2"C525ABA,C5A5CCCD365 ************************************************************************************************************************* 03A

7+2+210DE9JC11(C1C9C1 9119BBDC +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 9F1 7+2+61$1! BDEC1 )C1C119BBDC1B!E)C ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ :21

1*A)2"C525ABA,C5A2,8 9E96DCAF<6I238************************************************************************************************* 4A

4. CONDITIONS ENVIRONNEMENTALES ET PRODUCTIONS QUALITATIVE ET QUANTITATIVE DE LIPIDES ... 52 0*+*AE9296DC3897 **************************************************************************************************************************************************** 41A 0*ABD8D832AADC3ED8D832A/ ********************************************************************************************************************* 40A 0*1A)2"C525AB5ACDA25286D832A52A2386D85ABAE3C35************************************************************************************* 40A 9+7+21$19CDC1CD1'EC1 9F)C1D199;E1C11FBD1C9C ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ :91 9+7+61$19CDC1CDE9LDC1DC1!ED1C1E9(A9CB1CE1C1B9CB +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ :@1 9+7+71$19CDC1CD1'EC1 9F)C1DC1!DED1C1EFEA1 #EB(DE#AE)C ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ :F1 9+7+91$19CDC1CD1'EC1!&C11! BED1CD1C19B1CB1(A9 CB ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ?I1

0*0A)2"C525AB5ACDACE3.65********************************************************************************************************************************** 5+A 9+9+21&ED1CB1BBCB1C1 CB +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ?61 9+9+61&ED1C1DBE9ED1C1CB1 CB+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ?61 0*4A)2"C525AB5ACDA85E96D865 ************************************************************************************************************************* 51A 5. CONCLUSION ... 64 1

1 791

1 7:1

1. Introduction

0CEEC1 9EC1 &9DE1 DC1 CB9 ED1 B(D E)C1 !B1 DD1 C#BEFC1 1 9JC1 8A1 91 CB1 &&A9CDECB1 BBCB1 C1 CB1 DB1 C1 !AEB!C1 C9C1 1 #(E DED+1 DFC9BC!CDE<1 DB1 FDB1 9C#C9#A1 !!CDE1 CB1 &&A9CDECB1 BBCB1 FCDE1 AFC91 CD1 &DED1 CB1 DE9DECB11!C<1DE!!CDE1DECDBEA1!DCBC<11EC! A9E9C1CE11B DEA1CB1 DE9!CDEB+1$1EEA9E9C1B1C1B8CE1AEDE1C 1 B1DDEC1B91CB1 DECB1B A9C9CB<1 D1C9ED1D!9C1C1DB1EEDB1(1&E19A&A9CDC+11

2. Les lipides du phytoplancton

5CBE1 C1 )D1 C1 K1 $CB1 CB1 BDE1 CB1 BBEDCB1 #(9 #CB1 ,1 ! # E)CB-1 BCB1DB1CB1BFDEB19D)CB+10CBE1BFCDE11 9ABCDC1D1! BDE1 9EC9<1 C1 9B<1 )1 DDC1 BCB1 9 9AEAB1 #(9 #EA1 1 CB+1 1 CBEC1 BC9B1 EA9CB1C1 CB1)1CCB!;!CB1CDCDE1C1D!9C1! BDEB11BE9E9CB1E9.B1 &&A9CDECB+1 "D1 CE1 AC91 BC9B1 BBCB1 C1 CB1 %1 CB1 CB1 9B<1 CB1 (A9 #B # CB1 , #B # CB-<1 CB1 (A9( CB1 ,1 ( CB-<1 CB1 B #D CB<1CB1BEA9B<1CB1 9ADB1CE1CB1((A9B1,DE1CB1E9(A9CB-+1DB1CEEC1 AEC<1 DB1 DB1 DEA9CBBC9DB1 CBBCDECC!CDE1 1 (A9 CB1 , #B # CB<1 ( CB1 CE1 E9(A9CB-1 )<1 !!C1 C91 D!1 D)C<1 BDE1 DBEEAB1 D1 B)CCEEC1 (A91B91C)C1BDE1CBEA9&AB1CB1CB19B+11

2.1 Rappel sur les différents lipides en présence

EC,C33B57A 58A 7 C33B571 BDE1 CB1 ! BDEB1 BE9E91 CB1 !C!9DCB+1 B1 AEBBCDE1 911CC1CE1 91CB19DECB1DC199.9C1)1CBE1B19DC1C11! CEA1 C11FC+1B1BDE1BB1! )AB1DB1C1D!9C1!ADB!CB1C9CB1CD1 99DE1DC1 !E9C1 91 C1 D!9C1 9CBBB1 E(E)CB<1 CD1 D&CDADE1 EFC!CDE1 CB1 9 9AEAB1 &DEDDCCB1CB1 9EADCB1BBACB11!C!9DCB+1CB1A9FAB1C1CB1 CB1BDE1BB1

1 7?1

CB1!CBBC9B1BCD9CB1DE9C9CB1C1 9C!.9C1! 9EDC1, CB1E&B1%187<18<1 2<1 CE+-+1 $CB1 863C,963B571 BDE1 CB1 !ACB1 C1 9ABC9FC1 )1 CFCDE1 ;E9C1 EBACB1 91&9D91C1ADC9C1CE11 F919AEC911CCB+111

2.1.1 Les principaux lipides des chloroplastes

$CB1 ( CB11 #(E DED1BDE1BAB1 DB1CB1!C!9DCB1CB1#9 BECB+1 $CB1 C1 ( CB1 9D 1 BDE1 C1 !DEB(((A91 ,22-1 CE1 C1 EB(((A91 ,22-1 ,>9C1 2-+1 $C91 BE9E9C1 9E.9C1 C91 D&.9C1 CB1 9 9AEAB1B A&)CB+1$C1221CBE1D1 C1)11ECDDC1B1&9!C91CB1BE9E9CB1C1E( C1 #CD1 <1 9B1 )C1 C1 221 &9!C1 EJE1 CB1 BE9E9CB1 C1 E( C1 #C1 )C1 ,1#CE9EF9A16II@-+1$C1CD1CDE9C11BE9E9C1CB1 CB1CE1C9B1&DEDB1DB11!C!9DC1 CE1DB11CC1BC91BEA1 B1D1,F91BB13C12-+10C1CD1 CBE1DC1! 9EDC1 9C1 91! 9CD9C1CB1DBA)CDCB1CB1!&EDB11 9&1 )C1 9F)ACB1 91 9ED1C1DFCCB1DEDB1CDF9DDC!CDECB+1

$CB1 #9 BECB1 BDE1 BB1 ! BAB1 C1 B&)DFB(((A91 ,652-1 ,>9C1 2-1 )11ECDDC1B1&9!C91CB1#CB+1

1 7@1 A365A+A-ADA786865AB57AC,C33B57AB57AA C6CD7857*A57ADCD8C33B57AE=EA58A=E=EA 25A728AD7A D697*A5A7C"C33B5A%9=EA578A D69A29D8345E528*A=D6.7A:D6JBAF+775*A

$CB1 #B # CB1 9A DA9DEB1 DB1 CB1 !C!9DCB1 CB1 #9 BECB1 BDE1 C1 #B #E((A91 ,82-<1 CE1 1 #B #E(#DC1 ,80-1 ,CDFC C1 CEC9DC1 CBFC!CDE-+1 $C1 821 , C1 DD)C-1 DB1 )C1 1 801 DE1 BB1 ECDDC1 B1 &9!C91 CB1 #CB+1

2.1.2 Les lipides des autres membranes

$CB1 #B # CB1 BDE1 CB1 ! BDEB1 9D 1 C1 EECB1 CB1 E9CB1 !C!9DCB1 C1 1 CC+1 7D1 B1 C1 1 801 CE1 1 82<1 D1 E9FC1 9D C!CDE1 1 #B #E(AE#D!DC1 ,87-<1 C1 DCE9C1 ,'MEC9D)C-1 )1 B9DBC1 9D C!CDE1 CD1 BE9E9C1 9BEDC1 #CDC1<1CE11 #B #E(BC9DC1,86-1,#C-+1

0CB1 &&A9CDEB1 CB1 DE1 CB1 &9!CB1 !A9CB1 FC9BCB1 ,(D9)C<1 D)C<1 D)C1 DFC9BAC-1)1AEC9!DCDE11BE9E9C1CB1!C!9DCB+1$1! BED1C1CB1!C!9DCB1CD1 CB<1 !B1 BB1 CD1 9EADCB<1 CBE1 CBBCDECC1 91 BB9C91 C9B1 &DEDB1 ,&EA<1 C9!AEA<1 DBC9ED1 CB1 9EADCB1 !C!9D9CB<1 CE+-+1 NDC1 !&ED1 C1 1 9A 9EED1 CDE9C1CB1&&A9CDEB1! BDEB1CDE9LDC91DC1!&ED1CB1 9 9AEAB1CB1!C!9DCB+11

2.1.3 Les lipides neutres, des lipides de réserves

$CB1 E9(A9CB1 ,1 E9((A9B<1 32-1 BDE1 CB1 9D 1 CB1 C1 9ABC9FC1 1 #(E DED+1 B1 BDE1 BE/AB1 BB1 &9!C1 C1 CEECB1 EECCEECB1 DB1 C1 (EB1 CE1 BDE1 9&B1BC9FAB1DB1CB1#9 BECB1, BE-1C11CC1,$1D1$D16II2-1,8#E1 2-+1

1 7E1

> 8A +A-A '5CCC5A B1234567282A 7*A ED6(95A DA #3C5A 65BA 58A 756495A DA E3675A 2"DCA BA !*A 5A #3C5A 65BA "C6575A BD27A C5A <D25A BD27A C57A 52436225E5287A C57A C7A DCD3657A F863C,963B57A58ABD27AC5A65ABD27AC57A52436225E5287AC7ACD3657AFE5E6D257*A

0!!C1 91C1D!9C19DB!CB<1CB1E9(A9CB1CB1!9CB1C9(ECB1BDE1CB1 9ABC9FCB1C19DC1CE1ADC9C1)1 CFCDE1;E9C1!BACB1)D119BBDC1CBE1BE!AC1 ,9 #(1 6II2-+1 $CB1 321 BDE1 9B1 W(AB1 91 99C1 C1 381 91 9CB 9ED<1 DB1 )C1CB1!ACB19AE9CB1)1BDE1EBACB1 911B(DE#.BC1C1! BAB1DACBB9CB1B11 9BBDC1 , 9EADCB<1 B9CB<1 (A9 CB1 91 B(DE#.BC1 E9 33<1 CE+-+1 891 CC! C<1 (ED1 ! .EC1 DC1 !AC1 ECC1 )C1 C1 !EEC1 ,02?-1 AD.9C1 2I?1 !ACB1 381 ,4C99 EF9 A1 6II7-+1 0C1 BDE1 CB1 9ABC9FCB1 ADC9AE)CB1 CE9;!C!CDE1 CDBCB1 ,B1 BDE1 9AEB1CE1D#(9CB-+1ND19!!C1C1E9(A9C1DECDE1CDF9D1?1&B1 B1ADC9C1)D1 9!!C1C1(.DC1#(9EA1, (B#9C1)1BC9E1BB1C1BE/C-+1

C1 9ACDECB1 AECB1 DE1 !DE9A1 )C1 CB1 E9(A9CB1 DAECDE1 B1 BCC!CDE1 CB1 9EB1 &D1C1DB!C1 )C1!B1)*B1 FCDE1BB1DBEEC91CB1DEC9!A9CB1DB1 1 B(DE#.BC1 CB1 ( CB1 CE1 #B # CB1 !C!9D9CB1 ,U#'D2C99 EF9 A1 6III-+1 CB1 C A9CDCB1 C1 !9)C1 1²⁹01 B91B36576889 46EF1 DE1 !DE9A1 )C1 CB1 CB1 9B1 AECDE1 91 DEA9AB1 1 321 91 ;E9C1 CDBEC1 BE9AB1 FC9B1 CB1 CB1 9CB1CB1E9CB1! 9E!CDEB1C9CB+1DB1C9EDCB1DEDB1C19BBDC1,9C 9BC1 C11FBD1C9C1 9.B1DC1 #BC1C19CDC1DE9EFC<1 91CC! C-1CE1 91C9EDCB1 CB .CB1C1 #(E DED<1CB1(A9 CB1!C!9D9CB1 CFCDE1;E9C1CD1 9EC1BBC!AB1B1 9E91 CB1 CB1 9B1 CB1 32+1 0C9EDB1 CB1 9B1 ! 9EDEB1 &DEDDCC!CDE1 ,C9EDB1 8N>-1 BE/AB1 DB1 C1 &9ECB1 9 9EDB1 DB1 CB1 321 DC1 BDE1 B1 A9AB1 9B1 C1 1

1 7F1 9C 9BC1 C1 1 9BBDC<1 !B1 9AEBAB1 91 &9)C91 C1 DFCCB1 !C!9DCB1 ,U#'D 2C99EF9A16II:-+11

$CB1 !9CB1 !9DCB1 AFCDE1 DB1 D1 CDF9DDC!CDE1 F9C1 DE1 CB1 !E CB1 !&EDB1B19E1EC9!C1,BDEA<1EC! A9E9C<1B DEA1CD1DE9!CDEB1CE1CD1 #EDB-1 CFCDE1 D9C1 DC1 EED1 CE1 DC1 9A9DBED1 CB1 !C!9DCB+1 $CB1 EECCEECB1 )CB1C1321BDE1F9BC!C!CDE1CB1B(BE.!CB1E! DB1DEC9DCB1)1 CFCDE1&9D91 9 C!CDE1 CB1 9 CB1 (CB1 B A&)CB1 ,78<1 4-1 BBC ECB1 C1 !&C91 CEH1 C1 BEBC91CB1!C!9DCB1DB1D1CDF9DDC!CDE1F9C+11 1 9 9 9 A A DC5DA+A-ADC37D832A58AA8,57AB5AE5E6D257A"6E957AD6AC57A6323DAC,96C33B57A 33B5A ,5AB5AE5E6D25A"6E95A DC37D832ABD27ACDA5CCC5A

221 4CD11 3#(/RCB1 221 4#C1 3#(/RCB1 6521 4#C1 3#(/RCB1 821 4#C1 0#9 BECB1 801 4#C1 3ECB1CB1!C!9DCB1 871 4#C1 3ECB1!C!9DCB1B&1#9 BECB1 861 4CD11 3ECB1!C!9DCB1B&1#9 BECB1

1 9I1

2.2 Le métabolisme lipidique

$1 ! BED1 CB1 &&A9CDECB1 !C!9DCB1 C9CB1 &&.9C1 BD&EFC!CDE1 BFDE1 C91 &DED1 ,CDFC C1 CB1 #9 BECB<1 E#(/RCB<1 9AE!1 CD B!)C-+1 $CB1 CB1 BDE1 B(DE#AEBAB1 DB1 FC9B1 ! 9E!CDEB1 C1 1 CC+1 $1 CC1 B BC1 C1 !ADB!CB1 C9!CEEDE1D1E9DB 9E1CB1&&A9CDECB1BBCB1C1 CB1)19AC1C91! BED11BCD1 CB1 &&A9CDEB1 ! 9E!CDEB+1 $CB1 FCB1 C1 B(DE#.BC1 CB1 &&A9CDEB1 CB1 BDE1 D1 #EC!CDE1DEA9ACB+1

$CB1 CB1 !C!9D9CB1 BDE1 CBBCDECC!CDE1 CB1 (A9 CB1 ! BAB1 D1 B)CCEEC1 E99DA1,(A9-1B91C)C1BDE1CBEA9&AB1C1CB19B1CD1 BED1BD21CE1BD61CE1DC1 E;EC1 9C1CD1 BED1BD71,>9C16-+11

A365AA-A% 9EDAAB2AC,96C33B5A

0#C'1 CB1 DECB1 B A9C9CB<1 CB1 CB1 9B1 BDE1 B(DE#AEBAB1 DB1 CB1 #9 BECB1 BB1 1 &9!C1 (081 91 D1 ! CC1 CD'(!E)C1 CA1 >61 ,>EE(1 1 6(DE#BC-+1 $CB1 9EB1&D1BDE1 9D C!CDE1C12?%I081CE1C12E%I08+1$C12E%I1CBE1ABE9A1CD12E1 %208+17DBEC12?%I1CE12E%21 CFCDE1;E9C1CBEA9&AB11(A97 #B #EC1 91&9!C91C1 C1 #B #E)C1 ,8-1 1 ;E9C1 #(9(BAB1 91 99C1 CB1 CB1 9B1 9CB1 ,>9C1 7-+10CB1C9DC9B1BDE1CBEA9&AB11CD'(!C11,0-<1 B1E9DB 9EAB1DB1C1(E B!C11 B1 CFCDE1 ;E9C1 CBEA9&AB1 1 81 ,U9 EF9 A1 6II9-+1 $1 >9C1 71 9ABCDEC1 D1 9AB!A1 C1 1 B(DE#.BC1CB1(A9 CB1FC1CB1&&A9CDECB1CD'(!CB1! )ACB+1

1 921 1

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$CB1 (A9 CB1 B(DE#AEBAB1 DB1 C1 (E B!C1 ,(A9 CB1 C1 BE9E9C1 C9(EC-1 CBEA9&CDE1D1 C1 9B1 CD102E1CD1 BED1BD61 9B1)C1 C1CB1#9 BECB1, CB1 C1 99(ECB1D-1CBEA9&CDE1CB1CB19B1CD102?1,>9C19-+17D1 BED1BD2<1CB1CB19B1 CD102?1CE1CD102E1BDE1 9ABCDEB1)C1)C1BE1C91BEC1C1B(DE#.BC+10CEEC1BE9ED1B.9C1 )C1CB12831CB1#9 BECB1CE11(E B!C1DE1DC1&C1B A&EA1FC1C91BBE9E+1 1 DE99C<1 1 2((C97 #B #EC1 (E9DB&A9BC1 1 (E B!C1 9CDDLE1 B A&)C!CDE1 CB1 CB1 9B1 CD1 02E1 9B1 )C1 CC1 CB1 #9 BECB1 9CDDLE1 B A&)C!CDE1CB1CB19B1CD102?1,9E1D13B/12FF@-+1

1 961 1

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$CB1 9D 1 #B # CB1 E9FAB1 DB1 CB1 EBBB1 FAAE1 DE1 DC1 BE9E9C1 E( C1 C9(EC<1 CC EA1 91 C1 821 BE+1 $1 B(DE#.BC1 CB1 #B # CB1 CBE1 !!DA!CDE1 BA 9AC1 CD1 71 FCB1 %1 CB1 #B # CB1 A9FAB1 1 (EDC1 #B #EC1 ,08-2<1 C1 A9FAB1 1 2<1 CE1 C1 9FCDDE1 A#DC1 C1 E;ECB1 9CB1 9ECDDE1 B1 E9CB1 #B # CB1 ,1#CE9 EF9 A1 6II@-+1 $C1 2<1 C1 BE9E9C1 C9(EC1 1 99(EC<1 CBE1 C1 9A9BC91 C1 1 B(DE#.BC1 CB1 ( CB1 ,652<1 221 CE1 22-+1 1 CBEC1 D1 C1 E( CB1 C1 ( CB1 %1 C1 E( C1 99(EC1 DE1 C1 B)CCEEC1 21 9FCDE1 CB1 BECB<1 CE1 C1 E( C1 C9(EC1 DE1 C1 21 CBE1 BB1 C1 1 80+1 $1 B(DE#.BC1 CB1 ( CB<1 AEDE1 BAC1 DB1 CB1 !C!9DCB1 C1 CDFC C1 CB1 BECB<1 9C)C9E1 D1 D1 !ADB!C1 ! 9E1 1 21C1E( C1C9(EC+1

$1 221 B(DE#BC1 E9DB&.9C1 D1 EBC1 B91 D1 2+1 1 CBEC1 BC9B1 #!CB1 C1 CEEC1CD'(!C1)1 9ABCDECDE1CB1&&DEAB1&&A9CDECB1 91CB1BBE9EB1,9DC1C9(EC11 99(EC-1 ,M9 EF9 A1 6II2-<1 CE1 )1 BDE1 EFAB1 &&A9C!!CDE1 CD1 &DED1 CB1 DEDB1 CDF9DDC!CDECB+1 0CBE1 DC1 CB1 FCB1 C1 9A DBC1 C1 1 ! BED1 CB1 !C!9DCB1 1 F9EDB1 C1 DEDB1 CDF9DDC!CDECB+1 1 CBEC1 BB1 &&A9CDEB1 #!CB1 C1 1 221 B(DE#BC<1 )1 8ECDE1 D1 EBC1 1 22+1 0CB1 #!CB1 BDE1 AC!CDE1

02E1102?1 02?1 X1 02E1102?1 02E1 X1

1 971 B A&)CB1 D1 BBE9E<1 CE1 DEC9FCDDCDE1 DB1 1 9AED1 C1 1 ! BED1 CB1 !C!9DCB+1

$(ED1CB1((A9B1,2-1 91D1(101 911((A91(E9DB&A9BC1 ,23-1 AEE1 8B)B1 9AC!!CDE1 DBA9AC1 !!C1 1 BCC1 FC1 C1 B(DE#.BC1 C1 E9((A9B1 ,32-+1 C1 DFCCB1 CD'(!CB1 C1 1 B(DE#.BC1 CB1 321 )1 E(BCDE1 1 E9DB(ED1C19 CB1(CB1CB1 #B # CB1CE1CB121FC9B1CB1321DE1AEA1A9ECB1 ,6E9E9EF9A12FF@<16E#1D1+16II9-<1CE1BC!CDE1DEC9FCD91C1!D.9C1E9.B1BD&EFC1 DB11B(DE#.BC1C132+1$CB1321BDE1CBBCDECC!CDE1CB1BE9E9CB11E( C1C9(EC+1

1 991 1 DC5DAA-A5256A52AC33B5AB5A+8A57.57AB5A ,8CD282*A H7.5A ^33B5AFKA 3B7A75A $9"965257A

C4EEE221B +1,0#9 #(CC-1 ^269I1 ^{,6#CC#D9EF9A12FFE-1} 5A733A21B +1 ,0#9 #(CC-1 ^6I1 ,6#CC#D9EF9A12FFE-1 536EA1B +11 ,0#9 #(CC-1 6E761 ^,0#BE16II@-1 E345368293E3AA21 ,0#9 #(CC-1 ^7::91 ,0#BE16II@-1 A8EA1BD1,0#9 #(CC-1 ²⁹⁺⁹¹ ,4DEC(1D13C8C1 6II@-1 B67E281B +1 ,4 E #(CC-1 667E1 ^{,6#CC#D9EF9A12FFE-1} B36576881B +1,3# #(CC-1 ^F291 ^{,6#CC#D9EF9A12FFE-1} B5AE3A4F79F68436F9 ,49 #(CC-1 ^6I7I1 ,0#BE16II@-1 C86376A1B +1 ,0#9 #(CC-1 22621 ^{,6#CC#D9EF9A12FFE-1} 12345672821,E#ED-1,EB-1 ,89(!DCB #(CC-1 ^6E+:1 ,6#CC#D9EF9A12FFE-1

1 9:1

2.3 La composition lipidique des micro-algues eucaryotes

$1 ! BED1 )C1 CB1 CB1 C9(ECB1 CBE1 9ADFDE1 CD1 DDC1 #C'1 D1 9D1 D!9C1CB .CB+10CB1AECB1DE1!!CDA11(11CDF9D1:I1DB19TC11AFC C!CDE1C1 &&A9CDECB1EC#D)CB<1CE1DE!!CDE1C11#9!E9 #C1'CBC1)1DB119CDBCDAB1B91 1! BED1CD1CB19B1CB1&&A9CDEB1 CB+10CB1AECB1DE1BFCDE1AEA1!EFACB1 91 ! 9EDC1 CB1 9DB!CB1 #(E DED)CB1 CD1 )E9C+1 1 BBBE1 C1 AEC9!DC91 C9B1 )EAB1 DE9EFCB1 DB1 C1 E1 C1 BACEDDC91 CB1 B1 9 9ACB1 91 #)C1 E( C1 ACFC+1"D1BCBE1DE!!CDE1DEA9CBBA1B11ECDC91CD1E9(A9CB1,#EC1FC91ADC9AE)C-1 CE1CD1C19B1 (DBE9AB1,CB19B1CBBCDECB-+11

2.3.1 Teneur en lipides totaux

$1 ECDC91 )C1 CBE1 DDC1 91 D1 9D1 D!9C1 CB .CB+1 $CB1 CB1 DBEECDE1 CDF9D1 2I1 B1 9IY1 1 B1 BC1 DC1 C1 CD1 #BC1 C1 9BBDC+1 "D1 BC9FC1 D1 CB1 &&A9CDCB1DEC9B A&)CB1! 9EDECB1,3C16-+1

9A1C19D1D!9C1AECB1DECB1DB1C1!DC<1BC1D1E9.B1&C1 9CDEC1 CB1 !C9B1 *CB .CB1 DDCB1 1 AEA1 D(BA+1 0!!C1 DB1 C1 FC99DB1 ,F91 0# E9C1 :-<1 1 ECDC91 CD1 C1 CB1 !9CB1 A CD1 C1 C9B1 DEDB1 C1 9BBDC<1 C1 )1 9CD1 &&C11! 9BD1CDE9C1CB1AECB+1

2.3.2 Les différentes classes de lipides

$1 ECDC91 CD1 BBC1 C1 C1 CB1 !9CB1 CBE1 BBC'1 C1 DDC+1 2( CB1 CE1 #B # CB1 DE1 DC1 ECDC91 99AAC1 B1 1 EC1 C1 1 CC1 CE1 B1 DDC1 C1 BCB1 9DECB+1 0!!C1 DB1 C1 FC99DB1 CD1 7<1 1 ECDC91 CD1 C1 DCE9C1 A CD1 C 1 CB1 DEDB1CDF9DDC!CDECB+1$CB1&&A9CDECB1CB .CB1BC1BEDCDE1B9EE1 91C91 EA1 B1C!!BDC91CB1E9(A9CB1CD1 A9C1C1BE9CBB+11

1 9?1

2.3.3 Les acides gras

$1! BED1CD1CB19B11 #(E DED1A CD1C1CB .C1AEAC1CE<1!!C1 91 CB1 BBCB1 C1 CB<1 CB1 DEDB1 CDF9DDC!CDECB+1 $CB1 B CE9CB1 C1 9B1 C1 D!9CBCB1CB .CB1BDE1DDB1,UECB12F@I<13#! BD9EF9A12FFI<1=B1D19E(12FF7-+1 0C9EDCB1 BBCB1 1 #(E DED1 DE1 CB1 ! BEDB1 E9.B1 9EA9BE)CB+1 891 CC! C<1 CB1 E!ACB1 ,49 #(CC-1 BDE1 9#CB1 CD1 2?%2O@<1 2?%I<1 6I%:O71 CE1 2?8N>1 ,"9EE1 2F@7<1 " EC1 2F@9<1 ('9 EF9 A1 2FEF<1 =B1 D1 9E(1 2FF7-+1 $CB1 D #(ACB1 BDE1 BFCDE1 9EA9BACB1 91 C1 &9EB1 E1 C1 2?%I<1 66%?O7<1 6I%:O71 CE1 2E%9O71 ,DB99 EF9 A1 2FFF-<1CE1 911 9ABCDC1C12E%:O71,1BC #12F@9<1('1D1/!D12F@?-+1 $CB1CB1 9B1 CB1 B1 !!DB1 #C'1 CB1 89(!DAB #(ACB1 ,4 E #(CC-1 BDE1 C1 BE9AB1 %1 29%I<1 2?%I<1 2E%2OF+1 $CB1 #9 #(ACB1 BB.CDE1 !89E9C!CDE1 1 2?%I<1 2E%7O71 CE1 2?%7O9+1 $BCDC1 C1 6I%:O71 CE1 C1 66%?O71 DB1 CEEC1 BBC1 C1 #(E DED1 1 AEA1 EBAC1 !!C1 !9)C91 B A&)C<1 91 C1 #(E DED1 !9D1 CBE1 8BEC!CDE1 DD1 91 F91 CB1 E1 ACFAB1*CB19B1 (DBE9AB1CBBCDECB+11

"D1 E9FC1 C1 &9EB1 E1 C1 (DBE9AB1 CBEA9&AB1 B91 CB1 ( CB1 91 1 9E1 CB1 !9CB1 C9(ECB1 ,U#'D2C99 EF9 A1 6II6-+1 $CB1 ( CB<1 DBEEDEB1 CB1 !C!9DCB1 CB1 #9 BECB<1 DE1 D1 9JC1 BE9E9C1 CE1 &DEDDC1 ! 9EDE1 DB1 CB1 #EB(BE.!CB1 CE1 CB1 9AEDB1 #EB(DE#AE)CB1 ,Z9!DD1 D1 4CDDD1 6II6<1 2BB1 D1 S#C!1 6I2I-+1 $CB1 CB1 9B1 (DBE9AB<1 )1 D&.9CDE1 B1 1 !C!9DC1 B1 &EA<1 BC!CDE1AC!CDE1;E9C1DC1! 9EDC19C1 91C1D1&DEDDC!CDE1CB1CD'(!CB1 ! )ACB1 DB1 1 #EB(DE#.BC1 ,1DCB1 6II@-+1 $CB1 ( CB1 BDE1 CB1 CB1 )1 DE1 C1 E1 DBE9ED1 C1 B1 ! 9EDE+1 $CB1 CB1 DCE9CB1 ,32-1 BDE1 ADA9C!CDE1 C1 DBE9AB1 !;!C1 B1 C9EDCB1 CB .CB1 9E.9CB1 DECDDCDE1 CB1 321 E9.B1 9#CB1 CD1 CB1 9B1 (DBE9AB1,U#'D2C99EF9A16III<1U#'D2C99EF9A16II:-+1

1 9@1 7D1 B1CB1&&A9CDCB1DEC9B A&)CB<11&E1DEC91C1&9ECB1&&A9CDCB1DE9B A&)CB+1"D1 BC9FC1 CD1 C&&CE1 CB1 &&A9CDCB1 ! 9EDECB1 C1 ! BED1 )C1 *DC1 AEC1 B1 *E9C+1 0!!C1 DB1 C1 FC99DB1 B1 D<1 CB1 DEDB1 C A9!CDECB1 , CDDE1 !B1 BB1 FDE1 C A9CDC1 %1 C1 #BE9C1 D1 C1 1 E9C-1 DE1 DC1 D&CDC1 !8C9C1 B91 1 ! BED1 )C1DC1CC1C1 #(E DED+1

2.3.4 Variations interclonales

4CD1)C1#)C1CB .C1C1 #(E DED1 BB.C1DC1! BED1 )C1 9E.9C<111 AEA1!DE9A1)C1CB1&&A9CDCB1! 9EDECB1CBECDE1CDE9C1CB1B#CB1DC1!;!C1CB .C<1 &&A9CDCB1 )C1 D1 CE1 EE9C91 B1 CB1 FC9B&EDB1 ADAE)CB+1 "D1 1 91 CC! C1 1 !DE9C91 )1 CBEE1 DC1 9DC1 F9EA1 #ADE( )C<1 DE!!CDE1 91 C1 E1 C1 9BBDC<11)DEEA1C1 C111! BED1CD1C19B+11 9E91DC1!;!C1B#C1 C1!.9C1D<1$D1EF9A1,6II:-1DE1!B1CD1E9C1?I1DCB1,BAB1B1 9E9121CC1D)C-1 DB1CB1DEDB1CDE)CB[1CB1&&A9CDECB1 EDB1BBCB1C1CB1DCB1BC1BDE1FA9ACB1 F91 CB1 ! BEDB1 )CB1 CE1 CB1 E1 C1 9BBDC1 E9.B1 &&A9CDEB+1 891 C9B<1 CB1 !CB9CB1 C1 CB1 )C1 DB1 FDB1 1 &9C1 1 (E!.E9C1 CD1 &1 B91 CB1 EDB1 C1 CCB1!9)ACB11GC19C1!DE9CDE119DC1F9EA1CDE9C1CB1DFB1DC1!;!C1 ED1C1,>9C1:-+10CEEC1F9EA<1! EC1B1CB1&&A9CDCB1ADAE)CB<1 CE1 BB1;E9C1C1 B1CB1&&A9CDCB1C1 BEDDC!CDE1CB19DB!CB1DB1C91(C1C9C1 ,F916+-+1$1 BEEA1 #ADE( )C1CB1CB1, EA1D1ADE( C1B1 99C1&&A9CDEB1 #ADE( CB-1C )C1BDB1EC1DC19DC1 9E1C11F9EA1CB19ABEEB1C11EEA9E9C+1

1 9E1

A365A 4A -A $9D683832A B25A A CD832A B5A 5CCC57A B12345672829 7CA 52A "2832A B5A CDA 25286D832A 3286D5CCCD365A 52A C33B57A FA&A 328527389A 65CD8345A B5A "C657525*A DA CD832A B5A5CCC57AD2DC,795A98D38A7E375A?A2A9CD365E528A2832A58A298D38AD7A7,2 623795*AD7525A B5A7,2 6237D832A75AD6D896375AD6AB57A7383225E5287ABD27AC5A,C5A5CCCD365AB3""965287A6A  D(5A5CCC5*AAA

3. Linfluence du cycle cellulaire et du cycle nycthéméral

sur la composition lipidique

3.1 Influence du cycle cellulaire

5A ,C5A 5CCCD3651 CBE1 *CDBC!C1 CB1 #BCB1 91 CB)CCB1 DC1 CC1 BBC1 CDE9C1 C1 FBDB1 BCBBFCB+1 $1 FEA1 DC1 ED1 C1 CCB1 A CD1 1 C9A1 C1 9DED1 CDE9C1 9BBDC1 B!E)C1 CE1 FBD1 C1 BCB1 DFB1 ,3 D9 EF9 A1 6II2-+1 $D&CDC1 1 (C1 C9C1 B91 1 B(DE#.BC1 C1 CB1 CB1 !9CB1 1 AEA1 C1 AEAC+1 $CB1 EC#D)CB1 C1 E9CB1 B(D#9DBACB<1 DB1 )C1 CB1 !AE#CB1 C1 (E!AE9C1 CD1 &<1 C9!CEECDE1 AB9!B1 AEC91 C1 9!.E9C+1 $CB1 CF9CB1 BDE1 C B1 DEC! B1 CB1 9DB!CB1 !.CB1 91 AEC1 1 (C1 C9C<1 CE1 C1 BCB1 9AEDB+1 $1 9E1 CB1 D&9!EDB1B1C1B8CE1 9FCDDCDE1D1C1AEC1C1CB19DB!CB<1!B11BC!C1)C1CB1

1 9F1 !ADB!CB1!A9CB1AB11(C1 C9C1BCDE1E9.B1CD1DBC9FAB1CE1E9.B1B!9CB1 DB1EB1CB19DB!CB1C9(ECB1,=E12FF9-+11

3.1.1 Contrôle du cycle cellulaire par la croissance

$19BBDC1C11CC1CBE1C19ABEE1C11B(DE#.BC1C1!9!ACB1, 9EADCB<1 CB<1 (B#9CB<1 G-+1 0C9EDCB1 AECB1 B.9CDE1 )C1 CB1 E9DBEDB1 CDE9C1 CB1 #BCB1 1 (C1 C9C1 ,22H6<1 26H<1 CE+-1 BDE1 9AACB1 91 1 9BBDC1 B1 E9FC9B1 1 ! BED1 #!)C1CB1CCB1,3 D9EF9A16II2-+1ND1 DE1C1DE9JC1DD1CBE1CDE9AC1CD1 #BC1 61 ,9A ED1 C1 G-1 )1 BC9E1 DE9JAC1 91 1 )DEEA1 C1 9EADCB1 DE9C9CB1 1 91BD1E1C1B(DE#.BC1,C1BAC1D1 911DCDE9ED1CD1(DC1)1CBE1 9 9EDDCC1B11 ECDC91 EEC1 CD1 9EADC-1 ,8(!CDB1 D1 6#!E1 2FF@-+1 $1 ECDC91 CD1 B9C1 CE1 CD1 C1 99E1 F91 CB1 C&&CEB1 DCB1 B91 1 99CBBD1 1 (C1 C9C1 ,3 D9 EF9 A1 6II2-,>9C1?-+17D1C&&CE<1B1D1D#C11B(DE#.BC1C1 CB1CD122<1D1 9F)C1D199;E1C11 FBD1 C9C<1 9B1 )C1 B1 D1 D#C1 CD1 261 C1 (C1 C9C1 9BE1 B1 99CBBD1 ,UM/1 D1 SD1 6II:-+1 891 C9B<1 1 B(DE#.BC1 C1 CB1 BC1 9BE1 B1 *D1 )C1 1 FBD1 C9C1 ,CBE1 BC1 )1 BC1 BBC1 9B)C1 CB1 CCB1 BDE1 9CDACB1 CD1 'EC1 1 9B)D1 )C1 1 B(DE#.BC1 G-+1 1 1 AEA1 BA9A1 CBECDC1 D1 !ADB!C1 )1 AFC9E1 ,!!C1 91 CB1 9EADCB-1 1 )DEEA1 C1 CB<1 1 )DEEA1 D1 ! BDE1 B A&)C11CD9C11B(DE#.BC1C1 CB1CD1CC!;!C<1)1E1;E9C1B&&BDEC1 91CDE9C91 CD1 #BC16+1

1 :I1 1 9 1 9

A365A 5A-A B.C5A 79CD83"A B5A D2A DE9 FCA F88+A 6A 5C3(56A EE528A B3""965287A 783EC3AA 54528A D436A B57A 5""587A B3""965287A 76A C57A 86D2738327A BA ,C5A 5CCCD365*A =D27A 5A EB.C5&A C57A 783EC3A 52436225E528DA A B9856E32528A CDA E73832A 52A ED6EC9C57A F765&A C33B5&A 689325A (3A 5CC5EBE5A 286CC5A 568D3257A 86D2738327A BA ,C5A 5CCCD365*A =D27A 58A 55EC5&A C5A 783EC7AA"D46375ACDA6B832AB5A6893257ADC67A(5AC5A783EC7AGA"D46375ACDECD832AB5A C33B57*A '57A A 6"3C7A B5A 6377D25A "D4637528A C5657732A B5A B3""965287A 69CD8567A BA ,C5A 5CCCD365AF5A-ACDA,C325AH&A69CD8635AB5ACDA86D273832AE+I%AC5A78632&A69CD856AB5ACDA86D273832A EI&A5286DL2D28AB57AB3""965257AB5A6377D25AB5ACDACD832AB5A5CCC5*A=D6.7AD2ADE9FCA F88+*A

1 :21

3.1.2 La composante lipidique de la croissance somatique

$1ECDC91 )C1CE11EC1CB1CCB1!CDECDE119B1C1C919BBDC<1CE19B)C1 CCB1DE1!A1BBC'1C1!EA9C<1DE!!CDE1!C!9D9C<1CCB1 CFCDE1BC1FBC9+161 D1 BB!C1 1 CC1 B1 DC1 B #.9C<1 1 )DEEA1 C1 CB1 , 9CB-1 DBEEE&B1 C1 1 !C!9DC1CEC9DC1E1;E9C1E#A9)C!CDE1!E AC1 912<?1 91D1C!CDE1C1F!C+1 0#C'1 *CB .C1 C1 D&CA1 67F5E43889 43588<1 1 )DEEA1 C1 CB1 9CB1 CBE1 !E AC1 91 2<@<1 9B1 )C1 1 )DEEA1 C1 CB1 DCE9CB1 CBE1 !E AC1 91 2<E1 ,UM/1 D1 SD1 6II:-+1 0CEEC1 !;!C1 AEC1 1 !DE9A1 )C1 !CDEED1 CBE1 DEDC1 91 CB1 CB1 DCE9CB<1CE1BDEDC1 91CB1 CB1 9CB1,B(DE#.BC19AEC1CD1 #BC16-+9

8BC9B1 )CBEDB1 9CBECDE1 CD1 BB CDB1 %1 1 FBD1 C9C1 CDE9LDCECC1 BCC!CDE1 1 9EED1 1 1 C1 E9(A9CB1 CDE9C1 CB1 C1 CCB1 &CB<1 1 CD1 CBECC1 AC!CDE1 ! DAC1 *DC1 DB!!ED1 C1 E9(A9CB1 , 9E1 ADC9C1 EBC1 91 1 FBD-K1\E1CB1 #BCB1C1 9ED1C1 CB119B11(C1C9C1K10!!CDE1 CBE1 !&AC1 1 ! BED1 CB1 &&A9CDECB1 !C!9DCB1 C9CB1 1 9B1 1 (C1 C9C1K110CB1B CEB1DE1AEA1 C1E9EAB+1

$CB1 AECB1 9ABACB1 B91 C1 !AEB!C1 CB1 CB1 CD1 CD1 FC1 C1 (C1 C9C1 CB1 !9CB1 BDE1 C1 D!9CBCB1 CE1 9ECDE1 1 B91 CB1 E9CB1 B(D#9DBACB+1 NDC1 CB1 !AE#CB1 91 ECD91 C1 E( C1 C1 E9CB1 DBBEC1 B1 CB1 B!CEE9C1 B1 CB1 DEDB1 CDF9DDC!CDECB1 ()CB1 ,(C1 !DC1 89HDE-1 DE1 CB1 C&&CEB1 BDE1 &&C!CDE1 BBCB1 1 (C1 C9C1 CD1 !;!C+1 7D1 2FE2<1 6#&9D1 D1 0#B#!1 ECDECDE1 C1 BA 9C91 CB1 C&&CEB1 1 (C1 89HDE1 CE1 1 (C1 C9C+1 891 C1 B1 B(D#9DBCDE1 DC1 E9C1 91D1(C189HDE1 B11B!CEECDE1B1D19A!C1DED+1$CB1CCB19CBEDE1CD1 #BC1 CDDE1DC1ADA9ED<11CFCDE1 BBC1C1BF9C1AFED1C11DCDE9ED1CD1

1 :61

CB1C1DA CD!!CDE1D11(C189HDE+1B1DA CDDC1CB1CB1F9EDB1FBB FB11(C189H1DE1DC1 9E1 B1A!DE9AC+1NDC1E9C1 BBEA1BC9E1C1B(D#9DBC911 E9C1 91 CB1 CDEB1 #!)CB1 ,D'-1 )1 DE1 C1 C1 #DC1 F91 D1 C&&CE1 B91 C1 !AEB!C1 CB1 CB<1 )C1 B<1 BCB1 CB1 C&&CEB1 D#A9CDEB1 1 (C1 C9C1 99CDE1 ;E9C1BC9FAB+1

3.2 Influence du cycle nycthéméral (jour/nuit)

"D1 CE1 ECD91 CB1 CCB1 C1 #(E DED1 B(D#9DCB1 CD1 CB1 B!CEEDE1 B1 CB1 (CB1 89HDE1 )1 9(E#!CDE1 B!EDA!CDE1 91 EECB1 CB1 CCB1 CB1 9CBBB1 A CDDE1 9CEC!CDE1CE1D9CEC!CDE1C11!.9C+17D9C1DC1&B<1 C1AECB1DE1E9EA1CE1B CE+1 6/CD/1D109!C1,2FFI-1DE1!DE9A1)CD1 B1C1DE9JC911FBD1C9C<1C1(C1 89HDE1 DE9JC1 1 9ED1 C1 9EADCB<1 C1 B9CB<1 CE1 C1 CB1 1 !;!C1 EE9C1 )C1 1 DCDE9ED1 CD1 !CDEB<1 1 BE9E9C1 1 EFEA1 C1 9C1 #EB(DE#AE)C+1 B1 !DE9CDE1 )C1 CDDE1 C1 89<1 B9CB<1 9EADCB1 CE1 CB1 BDE1 9EB+1 $DC1 CB1 CD'(!CB1 9D CB1C11B(DE#.BC1C19B1,CE(019(BC-1CBE1381A CDDEC1CE1BC9E1 &&CEAC1 91 CB1 &CB1 DCDE9EDB1 381 DE9C9C1 CDDE1 1 DE+1 891 !9)C1 9E&<1B1!DE9CDE1AC!CDE1)C11B(DE#.BC1CB19B1CBE1CD1C&&CE1BE AC1 CDDE11 DE+10CBE1D1E#A9)C!CDE1CD1&D1C189DAC1)C1D1!CB9C1CB1 B19DCB1)DEEAB1C1  CB1 ,CE1 C1 E9(A9CB-1 ,>]9CB9 EF9 A1 6II6-+1 C1 &E9CB1 AECB1 CF9DE1 D&9!C91 CB1 9ABEEB+1

4. Conditions environnementales et productions qualitative

et quantitative de lipides

"D1 BE1 C B1 DEC! B1 )C1 CB1 DEDB1 CDF9DDC!CDECB1 CFCDE1 D&CDC91 1 ! BED1#!)C1CB1!9CB1,6 C#91D1DC912F9F-+10CEEC1 9 9AEA1 CE1;E9C1 EBAC1 91 &F9BC91 1 9ED1 C1 C9EDCB1 !ACB1 DEA9;E+1 DB1 CEEC1 E)C<1 1

1 :71 ! 9A#CDBD1 CB1 !ADB!CB1 C1 1 9AED1 91 CB1 DEDB1 CDF9DDC!CDECB1 C1 1 &ED1 1 9DC1 CE1 C1 B1 9EED1 CDE9C1 CB1 &&A9CDECB1 !ACB1 9D)CB1 , 9EADCB<1 B9CB<1 CB1!C!9D9CB<1E9(A9CB-1CBE19C+1DB1C1# E9C<1DB1ECDEC9DB1C1 ! 9CD9C1!!CDE1CBE1!&A1C1 9&1 )C11 #(E DED19B)C1CB1DEDB1 CDF9DDC!CDECB1,!.9C<1DE9EC<1EC! A9E9C-1#DCDE+1

4.1. Généralités

0#C'1 1 9E1 CB1 CB .CB1 #(E DED)CB<1 CB1 DEDB1 C1 9BBDC1 E!CB1 &F9BCDE1 1 9ED1 CB1 CB1 BE9E91 , #B # CB<1 ( CB-1 1 AE9!CDE1 CB1 CB1 C1 9ABC9FC+1 DFC9BC!CDE<1 CB1 AECB1 DE1 !DE9A1 )C1 CB1 E9(A9CB1 CE1 CB1 B9CB1 BDE1!AB1DB1CB1DEDB1CDF9DDC!CDECB1)1CDCD9CDE1DC19BBDC1&C1 ,9 #(16II2<12B#D1D149M16II?-+1

$CB1 DEDB1 C1 9BBDC1 &&CECDE1 CB1 ! BEDB1 )CB1 CE1 9EA)CB1 B A&)CB1 1&&A9CDEB1E( CB1C1!C!9DCB<1CE1 91FC1C1DBA)CDC<1C9B1 9 9AEAB+1"D11!DE9A1 )C1 CB1 CCB1 FAAECB<1 B!BCB1 B1 CB1 DEDB1 C1 9BBDC1 F9CB1 ,#DC!CDEB1 CDF9DDC!CDE<1 !EEDB1 &&CEDE1 1 B(DE#.BC1 )C<1 D&CED1 F9C<1 CE+-1 BDE1 CB1 C1 9ABC9FC91 *DEA9EA1 C1 C9B1 &DEDB1 !C!9D9CB+1 4CD1 )C1 CB1 !ADB!CB1 DE!CB1 )1 9ABBCDE1 C1 )C1 D1 CE1 CC91 C1 #!ABEBC1 !C!9D9C1 D1 9CBECDE1 !1 DDB<1CB1!ADB!CB1C19AED1C1C9EDCB1 9 9AEAB1&D!CDECB1CB1!C!9DCB1 DE1AEA1CDE&AB%1

11 &EA1 ,)1 CBE1 DE!C!CDE1 AC1 B1 1 C9!AEA-1 A CD1 C1 1 DC91 CE1 C1 DBE9ED1 CB1 #LDCB1 9BBCB1 CE1 C1 1 9ABCDC1 C1 C9EDB1 CB1 ,#CBEA9<1 B #D CB-1

11 EA1B1DEC991FC1CB1 9EADCB1!C!9D9CB1CD1!&DE1C91D&9!ED1 , EA1B1C1C91CB1 9EADCB1D<1B1CB19A 9C9<1B1!&C91C91EFEA<1CE+-1

1 :91

1$1 EA1B1B 9EC91CB1BE9CBB1 #(B)CB1,!DECD1C11BE9E9C1)D11BDEA1 #DC1 91CC! C-1

4.2 Adaptation ou acclimatation ?

1 &E1 &&A9CDC91 C1 #AD!.DCB1 )1 CFCDE1 ;E9C1 9CB DBCB1 CB1 !&EDB1 )CB1 DECB1 91 CB1 #DC!CDEB1 C1 DEDB1 CDF9DDC!CDECB1 %1 EED1 CE1 !EED+1 $!EED1 BC1 E9E1 91 CB1 #DC!CDEB1 #ADE( )CB1 BFCDE1 9AFC9BCB<1 C1 DE9C1 #(B)CB<1 #!)CB1 CE1 DE!)CB+1 $ EED1 BC1 E9E1 91DC1AFED1CDEC<1CE11 9E11EC! B199AFC9BC<11ADE( C1B91D19D1D!9C1 C1 ADA9EDB1 CD1 9A DBC1 B1 DC1 9CBBD1 DE9CC+1 CB1 !EEDB1 DECCB<1 CB1 9A99DC!CDEB1 DE9AD!)CB<1 1 CB1 E9DB&C9EB1 #9'DE1 ,9C 9ED-1 BDE1 BACEDDAB1CD1&DED1C1FDEC1AFE&1)B1AD.9CDE+1891CB1CB .CB1!!C1CCB1 1 #(E DED1 )1 DE1 CB1 EC! B1 C1 ADA9ED1 E9.B1 9EB<1 1 CBE1 9&B1 &&C1 C1 AEC9!DC91C1E( C1C1!&ED1,ADE( )C11 #ADE( )C-1)1CBE1!B1CD18C1DB11 9A DBC1B1DC1DE9DEC+1

4.3 Influence de la concentration en nitrate du milieu

$CB1 &9!CB1 'EC1 D9D)C1 CE1 9D)C1 CB1 B1 !!DA!CDE1 EBACB1 91 C1

Dans le document Influence du statut azoté et du cycle lumineux diurne sur le métabolisme lipidique d'Isochrysis sp. (Haptophyceae) (Page 35-118)