together wi thout otherwise disturbing the formatting of that text, use an inline keep. Inline keeps are started with:
Widows
Floats
When SCRIPT/VS is concatenating input text,32 you can request that single output lines at the beginning or end of a paragraph not be left alone at the bottom or top of a column or page. If you specify
.wz on
subsequent paragraphs will be subject to widow control; if the paragraph spans columns, at least two lines of the paragraph will appear in each column. 33 Widow control can be turned off by speci-fying
.wz off
Note:
For purposes of widow control, SCRIPT/VS considers para-graphs to be delimited by breaks. The control words which cause breaks are listed in Figure 25 on page 354.Figures and tables often do not bear any specific relationship to the text immediately surrounding them. SCRIPT/VS provides a way of setting such text apart from the body of the page by placing i t at the top or bottom of a column or page, independent of the body text.
Use the .FL [Float] control word to delimit the lines to be set apart, and to indicate where they should be placed. For example, the input 1 i nes
. fl on page .im spunits .sx / / - / / .fl off
will place the contents of the file SPUNITS at the top of a subse-quent page, separated from the text in the page by a row of dashes. (Figure I on page 6 illustrates such a float.)
Floats may be specifically designated for odd- or even-numbered pages. For example,
.fl on page even .im tblleft .sp 2
.fl on page odd .im tblright .sp 2
.fl off
will place the contents of the file TBLLEFT and TBLRIGHT at the tops of two subsequent pages.
The intent of the previous example is to produce a double-page-width table on facing pages of a duplexed document.
However, if the next page is odd, the right-hand float will be placed first, on the front of a sheet, and the left-hand float will be placed later, on the back of the sheet. When floats bear such a relationship to each other, the ORDER option should be included in the .FL [Float] control word. Ordered floats will be placed in the same order in which they are defined. (Figure 35 on page 361 illustrates such a pair of floats.)
32 Concatenation is controlled by the .FO [Format Model control word, as described in "Chapter 3. Basic Text Processing" on page 33.
33 When widow control is in effect, paragraphs of fewer than four lines will not be split between columns.
Chapter 8. Additional Formatting Features of SCRIPT/VS 95
FOOTNOTES'
When a single chapter of a document does not contain enough pages of text to accommodate all the floats defined within the chapter, some of those floats may appear on the first pages of the next chapter. This can be prevented by specifying
.fl dump
before begi nni ng the new chapter. As many extra pages wi 11 be added as needed to place all the queued floats within the current chapter.
Note:
The same control words that are disallowed wi thin a keep are also disallowed within a float. In general, these control words alter the page or column definitions; they are listed in Figure 27 on page 355.The .FN [Footnote] control word provides an automatic way to for-mat text so it appears at the bottom of a page as a footnote.
SCRIPT/VS determines how many lines currently remain on the page and reserves the space needed for the footnote. The .FN [Footnote]
control word is specified as:
.fn on
**
This line is going to appear as a footnote on this page .. fn off
SCRIPT/VS prints a l6-dash line, called a "leader," to separate the body of the page from the footnote. To change the footnote leader, redefine it before the page on which the footnote appears is started:
.fn leader .sp
.tr -
BF
.us
---.sk .fn off
Normal Footnote Placement
Since there is no maximum depth for a footnote, once a footnote is started, all text until the next .FN (Footnote) OFF command is included in the footnote unless the footnote is prematurely ended by a disallowed control word.
To keep the footnote and its callout on the same page, you should enter the .FN (Footnote) control word and the footnote input lines immediately after the word or phrase that refers to the footnote (known as the "footnote callout"). If the footnO'te does not imme-diately follow a text line (without an intervening break), it-will be placed as soon as possible without any attempt being made to keep it associated with a callout line or widow.
A line or widow containing a footnote callout(s) will be placed on the page providing that there is sufficient room for:
• the line or widow, and
• the footnote leader, and
• at least two lines, counting skips and spaces, of the last footnote. If the footnote is only three lines or less in depth, then the entire footnote must fit.
**
This 1 i ne is goi ng to appea r as a footnote on this page.If there is insufficient room on the page for the line or widow, then it and its associated footnote(s) will be moved to the next page. However, if the line or widow is already at the top of a page it will not be moved. In such a case, the line or widow will be placed on the page with as much of the footnote(s) as will fit.
The remainder of the footnote(s) will be placed on a subsequent output page(s).
In placing footnotes, SCRIPT/VS will, if necessary, attempt to split footnotes that are four or more lines (including skips and spaces) in depth. If a footnote is split, SCRIPT/VS will keep at least the first two lines of the footnote on one page, and it will keep at least the last two lines of the footnote on another page.
For the purposes of splitting, a double spaced footnote line and vertical space generated by a single control word (for example,
.SP 3) are considered to be single lines.
When a footnote is split, or can't be placed on a page (for exam-ple, the first footnote of two called out by a line is greater than a page), the remainder will be allowed to nfloat n to the next available page(s).
Whenever a new page is started, footnotes that were allowed to float from previous pages are placed on the new page. Again, any unplaced footnote(s) will be allowed to "floatn. The .Fl (Float) DUMP control word causes SCRIPT/VS to place all floats, including footnotes, before resuming input text processing.
In placing footnotes that were "floated" from previous pages, SCRIPT/VS will attempt to reserve room on the page for any pending output line or widow that has not yet been placed. If that pending line or widow also contains footnote callouts, the line or widow may be further deferred, as necessary, in order to keep footnotes and their callouts on the same page.