L’évaluation est le moyen le plus précis et le plus populaire d’identifier le statut psychologique des survivants (Patel et al., 2011). Nos résultats appuient l’utilisation d’un modèle multi-informateur pour évaluer l’enfant.
Notre étude met en lumière le fait que les enfants, les mères et les pères font des évaluations différentes de l’anxiété, la dépression et la détresse. Les évaluations devraient être traitées de façon complémentaire afin d’amasser le plus d’information possible sur l’enfant. Cela permettrait d’améliorer la détection de symptômes psychologiques ou de psychopathologies chez l’enfant. De même, cela permettrait d’améliorer la détection des jeunes qui présentent un risque de développer des symptômes psychologiques ou des psychopathologies. Par conséquent, les jeunes les plus à risques et les jeunes en difficultés seraient dirigés vers les ressources appropriées.
Il y a des cas pour lesquels la méthode multi-informateur n’est pas applicable, pour lesquels seules les évaluations parentales sont disponibles ou pour lesquels la fiabilité des auto- évaluations est mise en question. Dans ces situations, l’interprétation des évaluations parentales doit être faite en connaissances de causes, c’est-à-dire que les cliniciens doivent considérer que les symptômes psychologiques des parents pourraient les avoir amenés à surestimer les symptômes psychologiques de leur enfant.
Similairement, notre étude souligne que la détresse est présente chez les parents dont les enfants ont terminé les traitements pour le cancer. Elle encourage une évaluation systématique de la détresse parentale. Des recommandations semblables à celles émises pour le suivi des patients pourraient être créées pour les parents.
Conclusion
Somme toute, l’étude réalisée dans le cadre de ce mémoire portait sur l’anxiété, la dépression et la détresse de jeunes survivants du cancer lorsqu’évaluées par les parents et les enfants. Les résultats ont démontré un faible niveau d’accord entre les parents et les enfants, des différences modérées entre les évaluations et un effet prédictifs des symptômes psychologiques des parents sur les écarts entre les évaluations.
L’anxiété, la dépression et la détresse font partie du quotidien de sous-groupes de jeunes survivants de cancer. Nous avons montré la nécessité d’utiliser différents informants afin d’évaluer la détresse chez les enfants et l’importance de tenir compte des caractéristiques propres à chacun. Une identification exacte du statut psychologique permettrait de cibler les enfants ayant besoin de soins et de les diriger vers les interventions appropriées.
Dans la survivance, le soutien social est grandement responsable du développement des patients. Nous croyons que l’intégration des deux parents lors du processus d’évaluation de la détresse de l’enfant favorisera la communication entre les membres de la famille, ce qui ne peut qu’être bénéfique pour le jeune survivant.
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