Figure 1 illustrates the total electricity demand as published by Entso-E from 2011 to 2018 for Belgium and its neighbouring countries France, the Netherlands, Germany and the United Kingdom.
Total electricity demand for this region amounted to 1492 TWh in 2018; this is more or less constant in the observed period, with 1459 TWh the lowest and 1495 TWh the highest total demand. Belgium represents 6% of this total demand. If the UK is excluded, the Belgian share rises to 7.5%.
Figure 1: Evolution of the total electricity demand as published by ENTSO-E (TWh) from 2011 to 2017 for Belgium and its neighbouring countries
Sources: CREG, ENTSO-E1
1 Some definitions and parameters of grid load between countries may differ slightly but the general trend per country is valid.
At the Belgian level
This section analyses the evolution of the Elia grid load2, based on data provided by the TSO.
Since this grid load does not take into account a significant part of the distributed generation, it is not equal to the total Belgian electricity consumption. However, this selected approach gives a good idea of how the wholesale electricity market is evolving.
The Elia grid load3 amounted to 76.7 TWh in 2018, at a level slightly lower than the previous 4 years. Figure 2 shows the total Elia grid load over the last 12 years. Compared to 2007, the Elia grid load decreased by 12 TWh, or about -13%. The figure also shows the baseload part of the Elia grid load.
This decreased from 56 TWh to 47 TWh, a decrease of about -16%. As such, the baseload part of the total grid load was more or less constant over the last 11 years, varying around 64%. This is remarkable, because one would expect that intermittent renewables would not only decrease the grid load, but also the baseload part of this load. The most obvious explanation for the constant baseload share is the increase of demand response to lower the peak.
Figure 2: Total Elia Grid load and Baseload Elia Grid load during 2007 to 2018 Sources: Elia, CREG
2 The Elia-grid load is a calculation based on injections of electrical energy into the Elia grid. It incorporates the measured net generation of the (local) power stations that inject power into the grid at a voltage of at least 30 kV and the balance of imports and exports. Generation facilities that are connected at a voltage of less than 30 kV in the distribution networks are only included if a net injection into the Elia grid is being measured. The energy needed to pump water into the storage tanks of the pump-storage power stations connected to the Elia grid is deducted from the total.
Decentralised generation that injects power at a voltage less than 30 kV into the distribution networks is not entirely included in the Elia grid load. The significance of this last segment has steadily increased in recent years. As such, Elia decided to complete its publication with a forecast of the total Belgian electrical load.
The Elia grid comprises networks of at least 30 kV in Belgium plus the Sotel/Twinerg grid in the south of Luxembourg. (Source:
http://www.elia.be/en/grid-data/Load-and-Load-Forecasts/Elia-grid-load).
3 The variations observed between the estimates of consumption of electricity of Synergrid and Elia are primarily due to the fact that (most of) the generation connected to the distribution grids and the losses of networks of the DSOs are not taken into account in the statement of electricity forwarding only by the Elia network.
88,6 87,8
81,6 86,5 83,3 81,7 80,5 77,2 77,2 77,3 77,4 76,7
56,6 55,5
51,6 55,0 54,6
51,2 51,9 51,6 48,4 47,6 49,4 47,0
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Total (TWh) Baseload (TWh)
The table below gives the detailed data on the total Elia grid load and its baseload part in 2007-2018. It also shows the average, maximum and minimum load per year for this period. The average Elia grid load in 2018 was 8,750 MW. The baseload Elia grid load was 5,365 MW, while the maximum amounted to 12,440 MW in 2018. This maximum Elia grid load was significantly lower than all the previous years.
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Total (TWh) 88,6 87,8 81,6 86,5 83,3 81,7 80,5 77,2 77,2 77,3 77,4 76,7 Max (MW) 14.033 13.431 13.513 13.845 13.201 13.369 13.385 12.736 12.634 12.734 12.867 12.440 Average (MW) 10.116 9.991 9.312 9.875 9.515 9.303 9.193 8.808 8.811 8.799 8.837 8.750 Min (MW) 6.462 6.330 5.895 6.278 6.232 5.845 5.922 5.889 5.529 5.438 5.638 5.365 Baseload (TWh) 56,6 55,5 51,6 55,0 54,6 51,2 51,9 51,6 48,4 47,6 49,4 47,0
%baseload 64% 63% 63% 64% 66% 63% 64% 67% 63% 62% 64% 61%
Table 1: Elia grid load (TWh) and power demand (MW) between 2007 and 2018
Sources: Elia, CREG
Figure 3 shows in more detail the evolution of the electricity peak demand in the Elia control area over the last 12 years. Four levels are shown here:
- the highest level (blue line - “maxCap”);
- 100 hours after the highest level (orange line - “Cap Hour 100”);
- 200 hours after the highest level (red line - “Cap Hour 200”);
- 400 hours after the highest level (dark blue line - “Cap Hour 400”).
Until 2014, all the trends observed were negative over the years. Since 2014, this bearish tendency has marked a stage of consolidation, but in 2018 the decrease of the maximal Elia grid load resumed.
The annual difference between the highest level of electricity demand (“maxCap”) and that of hour 100 level (“Cap Hour 100”) fluctuates between 900 and 1,300 MW. In other words, this means that additional power of only + 1,100 MW is necessary for less than 100 hours to meet the peak Elia grid load. For the following 100 hours (“Cap Hour 200”), slightly more than 200 MW was added. For the 400 hours (“Cap Hour 400”), or 4.6% of the time, it was necessary to rely on average on 1,600 MW, or 12.0% of the peak demand.
Figure 3: Evolution of the demand levels classified within the Elia control area (MW) for 2007-2018 (for the higher ¼ hour, hour 100, hour 200 and hour 400), like their trend curve - Sources: Elia and CREG