Benin I S economic development ob jectives comprise the following four major priorities:
D. Estimates of resourc~ requirements for the national recovery programme 0986-1990 )
The Togolese Government has taken a broad range of measures to direct and sustain the recovery and development of its economy through:
(a) Adoption of a new and more attractive investment code and a trade charter;
(b) Incentives to the farmers which include: increase in agricultural producer prices, extension services, credit and dissimination of new farming techniques and results of applied research;
(c) Setting up a seeds development plan and a programme to combat drought and desertification;
(d) fund;
Rehabilitation of the smal1- and medium-scale enterprises guarantee
(e) Reform of the public operations sought through budgetary austerity, tax reform, close auditing and monitoring of expenditure and restructuring of the public sector operations;
(f) Expansion of the use of information science techniques in public administration and in the parastatal sector; and
(g) Reorganization of the major ministries responsible for economic and financial matters and the establishment of a ministry for state corporations.
D. Estimates of resourc~ requirements for the national recovery programme 0986-1990 )
Millions of US dollars (i) Resources already mobilized
Domestically Externally
Subtotal
(ii) New resources planned to be mobilized Domestically
Externally Subtotal
(iii) Estimates of likely available resources (iv) Total estimated cost of programme
(v) Resource gap
123.5 186.6
310.1
310.1 1 001. 9 691.8
E. Estimates of dcbt-servicin;>; requirements (1986-1990) (in millions of US dollars)
Type of debt
Interest Principal
Total
Official creditors 108.4
243.0 351.4
44. TUNISIA
Private creditors 18.4 76.2 94.6
Total 126.8 319.2 446.0
A. Overall economic performance since 1980
A recurring theme of the Tunisian plans is the emphasis placed on the realization of a balanced socia-economic system, through developing sectoral linkages and regional interdependence. Special attention has been accorded to agriculture and tourism which, together with oil, provide the bulk of exports.
To specially boost agriculture, irrigation networks have been developed and agro-industries promoted which, in addition to creating the necessary forward linkages, are also intended to provide employment opportunities and contribute to export g,owth.
The diversified nature of t~e Tunisian economy helped it register positive medium growth in three out of the past five years, recording growth rates of 4.9 and 5.5 per cent in 1983 and 1984 respectively. The average yearly growth for the 1980-1984 period was, however, lower, viz. 3.4 per cent.
The total external debt amounted to $4,032 million in 1984 and the debt-service ratio as proportion of exports is in the order of 22.1 per cent. Another disquieting feature is the falling trend of aDA resources and the rise in the volume of private credit. The former fell from a high of $241.3 million in 1981 to $222.3 million in 1984 while the latter increased from $114.9 million in 1980 to $250.4 million in 1983. The implications for debt-service obligations of these trends are obvious. The balance-of-payments position therefore remains tight. Recent policy reforms through emphasizing export promotion, increased production and reduction of dependence on external borrowing are primarily directed towards the restoration of a healthy payments position.
B. Main areas of focus of the national recovery programme (1986-1990)
The main areas emphasized by the priority programme are: tourism, agriculture, other sectoral measures in support of agriculture and the fight against drought and desertification. The focus on these areas targets the creation of a better environment for agricultural development, creation of rural employment, regional balance and increased production of agricultural
export crops. To this end, an integrated rural development can be financed internationally has been drawn up.
programme that
C. Policy reforms in support of the national recovery programme (1986-1990) The major policy reforms envisaged in support of the programme, inter alia, include: assistance to farmers to undertake fast yielding investment projects to produce vegetables, cereals, livestock and fish; upward revision of prices of agricultural producer prices; rationalization of public sector operations; establishment of new financial institutions and banks to mobilize savings to finance investment and export trade and undertake off-shore banking and expanding the role of the private sector. However, the recovery programme might not attain its objectives as a result of the accumulated and recent effects of the abrupt drop in the prices of oil, phosphate and its by-products.
Consequently, the domestic resources mentioned below would certainly have to be reviewed.
D. Estimates of resource requirements for the national recovery programme (1986-1990)
Millions of US dollars
(0
Resources already mobilizedDomestically 122.8
Externally 30.4
Subtotal 153.2
(ii) Resources planned to be mobilized
Domestically 491.4
Externally 121.8
Subtotal 613.2
( i i i ) Estimates of likely available resources 766.4
(iv) Total estimated cost of programme 1 375.1
(v) Resource gap 608.7
E. Estimates of debt-servicing requirements (1986-1990) (in millions of US dollars)
Type of debt
Official creditors Private creditors Total
Interest 792.8 284.2 1 077 .0
Principal 1 581.6 766.8 2 348.4
Total 2 374.4 1 051.0 3 425.4
45. UGANDA A. Overall economic performance since 1980
Uganda is a land-locked country which has experienced continuous economic stagnation as a result of economic mismanagement, internal strife and stifling international economic environment. The prevalence of domestic insecurity during the period 1980-1985 prevented the implementation of the two Recovery Programmes drawn up during that period. The economic policy reform measures introduced in June 1981 had a largely indifferent effect on the economy as those measures were fraught with contradictions of aggravated debt-service burdens, escalating inflation, and continuous weakening of the national currency which in turn discouraged investment and fuelled speculative consumption activities. The overall result is that, despite the abundance of its natural resources and a relatively developed economic base at the time of independence in 19&2, Uganda today is a ravaged economy, classified among the least developed countries of the world.
B. Main areas of focus of the national recovery programme (198&-1990)
Uganda's economic recovery plan for the second half of the 1980s will have the following three essential strands: restoration of peace, internal security and democracy as a precondition for economic recovery and development;
emergency provision of relief to, and resettlement of, citizens deprived and displaced as a result of the internal strife of the period 1980-1985; and a medium-term rehabilitation/development programme with the long-term objective of developing an independent, integrated and self-sustaining national economy.
A remarkable measure of peace and internal security has been achieved since the end of the national resistance war in March 198&; and a six-month emergency relief and rehabilitation programme, cos ted at SUS 1&1 million has been drawn up and launched by the Government. A medium-term rehabilitation/development plan is being framed for launching by mid-198&. The main areas of focus of this plan, as far as food and agriculture is concerned, will be tbe achievement of absolute and permanent domestic food self-sufficiency and the elimination of food import bill; and diversification of agricultural production for domestic consumption, processing and for export; and the establishment of a strong and growing linkage between agriculture and industry.
c.
Highlights of policy reforms in support of the national recovery programme (198&-1990)Policy measures envisaged to support the plan include:
(a) Provision of agricultural inputs:
at prices affordable by small farmers;
implements, tools, seeds, etc.
(b) Provision of agricultural credits to farmers;
(c) Paying remunerative cash prices for export crops;
(d) Involving crop processing and
co-operatives at crop marketing;
the various stages of crop production,
(e) Strengthening agricultural research activities and the agricultural extension services; and
(f) Observing strict financial discipline in spending by Government and the agricultural corporations.
D. Estimates of resource requirements for the national recovery programme