Nos études fournissent aux chercheurs la plus grande base de données d’estimations franco-canadiennes, jusqu’à présent, pour la familiarité conceptuelle et la force perceptuelle visuelle et auditive. Nos notations complètent les notations franco-canadiennes de la fréquence subjective et de l’imageabilité précédemment obtenues pour les mêmes mots (Desrochers & Thompson, 2009). Nous espérons que cette importante base de données s'avérera un outil pratique pour les chercheurs travaillant dans les domaines liés à la psycholinguistique, à l'éducation et à l'acquisition du langage ou aux troubles du langage chez les populations francophones du Canada. Comme directives futures de ce projet, il serait pertinent de regarder si ces valeurs sont représentatives aussi pour les autres variantes du français dans la
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francophonie, comme la France, la Belgique, la Suisse et les pays francophones du Maghreb et du Moyen-Orient, entre autres. C’est vrai que les variations sociales et géographiques influencent les estimations subjectives des participants. Il est important de voir à quel point ces banques de données seraient utilisables pour la recherche auprès d’autres natifs du français. Cette étude représente une première étape nécessaire pour établir les normes de force perceptuelle en français pour les modalités de perception les plus étudiées (c.-à-d. visuelles et auditives). Nos résultats ont montré le rôle critique de ces variables pour le traitement des mots écrits. Cela met en évidence l'importance de continuer à collecter les normes pour les trois autres modalités de perception (olfactive, gustative et tactile). Les futures études devront aborder cette question.
Des études complémentaires devraient être menées pour tester l'impact spécifique de ces variables sur le traitement des mots dans d’autres tâches, comme la lecture des mots à voix haute. Nous sommes confiants que les nouvelles évaluations de la force perceptuelle visuelle et auditive pour le grand ensemble de noms en français que nous avons présenté ici, permettront aux nouvelles études d’enquêter sur le rôle de l’expérience de perception sur la représentation des concepts.
7. Conclusion
L’étude de la reconnaissance visuelle des mots a produit une quantité considérable d’informations sur les variables orthographiques (p. ex. longueur de mots), lexicales (p. ex. fréquence des mots et similarité orthographique) et sémantiques (p. ex. familiarité, imageabilité, concrétude et âge d’acquisition) qui ont une influence sur l’exécution de tâches langagières, telle que la décision lexicale (Balota et al., 2004; Bonin et al., 2018; Cortese & Khanna, 2007;
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New et al., 2006). La force perceptuelle est une variable récente qui concerne l’expérience sensorielle/ perceptuelle et a un rôle dans la représentation conceptuelle des mots.
La familiarité conceptuelle et la force perceptuelle sont des variables sémantiques qui jouent un rôle facilitateur dans la décision lexicale, au-delà d’autres variables psycholinguistiques. Nos résultats confirment et développent les découvertes précédentes qui avaient démontré que les évaluations de la force perceptuelle visuelle et auditive, ne peuvent pas être considérées comme une autre forme de concrétude ou d'imageabilité (Connell & Lynott, 2012). Les variables de force perceptuelle visuelle et auditive confèrent une contribution indépendante, à la prédiction des latences dans le traitement des mots écrits en français, spécialement dans une tâche de décision lexicale. Ces résultats sont en ligne avec les modèles cognitifs fondés, indiquant l'importance de l'expérience perceptuelle dans la représentation conceptuelle (Barsalou, 2008). Les normes de force perceptuelle devraient prendre place dans les nouvelles recherches visant l’exploration du système sensoriel/perceptuel.
En conclusion, les chercheurs ont besoin d’avoir des normes pour les caractéristiques de ces mots, afin de contrôler méthodologiquement les différentes variables corrélées avec la ou les variables d’intérêt, afin d’en tirer des conclusions plus robustes et représentatives du traitement visuel de mots.
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