Constats et conclusions de la revue de la littérature

Pour tous les adsorbants analysés, la température et la pression ont un rôle principal sur le processus d'adsorption. Ainsi, pour les zéolithes [28], les matériaux carbonés [26], les MOF [26, 38] et les POP [26, 51], la capacité d'adsorption de CH4 diminue lorsque la

température augmente et que la pression diminue. Cela s’explique par le fait que les interactions entre le gaz et le centre actif deviennent plus faibles.

La structure des adsorbants, par exemple leur composition et leurs propriétés physiques (surface spécifique, volume et taille de pores), a un grand effet sur l’adsorption de CH4.

Pour tous les adsorbants, le volume et la taille sont déterminants pour favoriser les interactions entre le gaz et l’adsorbant. La capacité d’adsorption est aussi influencée par la forme du matériau, soit extrudé [44] ou en poudre [26].

La capacité d’adsorption des matériaux est très variable. Les matériaux qui présentent la capacité d’adsorption de CH4 la plus élevée sont les POP (11,69 mmol/g COF-102 à 3 500

kPa et 25 ºC). Cependant, ils ne sont pas recommandés pour leur application sous des conditions ambiantes, car leur capacité d’adsorption a été obtenue à haute pression (P > 1 500 kPa). Les MOF présentent une vaste plage des capacités d’adsorption (0,15 -1,5 mmol CH4/g d’adsorbant à 101,3 kPa de pression et températures parmi 0 et 42 ºC). Ils ont une

forte dépendance aux métaux présents dans leur structure ainsi qu’aux conditions d’adsorption (pression et température). Les matériaux carbonés présentent une vaste plage des capacités d’adsorption (7,00·10-3

-0,98 mmol CH4/g d’adsorbant à 101,3 kPa de

pression et 25 ºC de température). Ils ont une forte dépendance de leur structure (surface spécifique et volume de pores) ainsi qu’aux conditions d’adsorption (pression et température). Néanmoins, une vaste gamme de matériaux carbonés est commercialement

38

disponible, favorisant leur utilisation. Les zéolithes ont des capacités d’adsorption du CH4

plus modérées (< 0,7 mmol CH4/g à 101,3 kPa et 25 ºC). Cependant, leur stabilité chimique

et physique, et l’existence d’une vaste gamme de produits commerciaux facilitent leur utilisation.

39

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