Partie I : Synthèse Bibliographique
I.3. Conclusion
Les lipases appartiennent à la famille des enzymes lipolytiques qui catalysent l’hydrolyse d’un grand nombre d’esters d’acides gras plus particulièrement les triacylglycérols. Elles sont également des cibles thérapeutiques intéressantes pour le traitement de diverses pathologies comme l’obésité. L’une des approches développées pour lutter contre ces maladies est l’inhibition de ces enzymes par des composés naturels et/ou de synthèses.
C’est dans ce contexte que nous nous sommes intéressés à appliquée cette approche théorique de modélisation pour étudier l’effet inhibiteur d’un composé naturel qui est le (-)- Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), un polyphenol naturel présent dans le thé vert et qui appartient à la famille des flavonoïdes. Cette molécule a été testée dans ce travail comme inhibiteur des lipases digestives.
Au-delà de l’aspect d’inhibition de la lipase digestive, les recherches concernant l’étude des interactions mises en jeu entre la lipase et l’inhibiteur, plusieurs méthodes de recherche utilisant l’ordinateur ont été crées. Ces méthodes ont été développées pour aider les médecins chimistes à comprendre les interactions, au niveau moléculaire, qui est la base de la plupart des mécanismes biologiques.
Parmi les méthodologies employées, celle de docking moléculaire est de plus en plus utilisée. La présentation de la technique de docking sera développée dans le chapitre 2.
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