A detailed data analysis was performed on activity concentrations reported for 3H, 90Sr, 134Cs and 137Cs in thirty seawater samples, massic activities reported for 134Cs, 137Cs and 239+240Pu in five sediment samples and massic activities reported for 134Cs and 137Cs in eleven fish samples, all collected offshore TEPCO’s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station between September 2014 and November 2016.
The samples were shared between the ten laboratories [EPA (Ireland), ESR (New Zealand), Fukushima Prefecture (Japan), GSL (Japan), IAEA (Monaco), JCAC (Japan), JFFIC (Japan), KANSO (Japan), MERI (Japan) and Tokyo Power Technology (Japan)]. From this analysis it can be concluded that the overwhelming majority of the results are not significantly different from each other. A global analysis of the whole data set demonstrated that 362 out of the 369 statistical tests applied to the data, i.e. over 98%, were passed with a high level of confidence (99%). The only exceptions were four zeta scores that were just marginally higher than the critical limit of 2.58:
ζ = 2.60 for 134Cs in seawater sample T-D1 in Nov 2015 between IAEA and JCAC ζ = 2.61 for 134Cs in seawater sample M-103 in Nov 2015 between IAEA and JCAC ζ = 2.65 for 90Sr in seawater sample M-104 in Nov 2016 between KANSO and JCAC ζ = 2.76 for 90Sr in seawater sample M-102 in May 2016 between IAEA and KANSO and three zeta scores that were clearly higher than the critical value:
ζ = 3.35 for 90Sr in seawater sample M-101 in Nov 2016 between IAEA and KANSO ζ = 3.43 for 137Cs in seawater sample T-D1 in Nov 2015 between KANSO and JCAC ζ = 4.94 for 137Cs in seawater sample M-101 in May 2016 between KANSO and JCAC
Despite these minor departures, it can be said with confidence that the laboratories are reporting reliable and comparable results for the tested radionuclides in seawater, sediment and fish samples prepared and analysed according to each laboratory’s regularly used methods.
Following the six sampling missions organized in 2014–2016, the IAEA can report that Japan's sample collection procedures follow the appropriate methodological standards required to obtain representative samples. The results obtained in ILCs demonstrate a high level of accuracy and competence on the part of the Japanese laboratories involved in the analyses of radionuclides in marine samples for the Sea Area Monitoring programme.
REFERENCES
[1] PIKE, S., et al., Extraction of cesium in seawater off Japan using AMP-PAN resin and quantification via gamma spectrometry and inductively coupled mass spectrometry. J.
Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 296 (2013) 369.
[2] LUISIER, F., ALVARADO, J.A.C., STEINMANN, P., KRACHLER, M., FROIDEVAUX, P., A new method for the determination of plutonium and americium using high pressure microwave digestion and alpha-spectrometry or ICP-SMS, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 281 (2009) 425.
[3] POMMÉ, S., KEIGHTLEY, J., Determination of a reference value and its uncertainty through a power-moderated mean, Metrologia 52 (2015) S200.
[4] INTERNAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION, Statistical methods for use in proficiency testing by interlaboratory comparisons, ISO 13528:2005, Geneva (2005).
APPENDIX: FIGURES
FIG. 13. Activity concentrations of 3H in seawater samples.
FIG. 14. Activity concentrations of 3H in seawater samples.
FIG. 15. Activity concentrations of 3H in seawater samples.
FIG. 16. Activity concentrations of 3H in seawater samples.
FIG. 17. Activity concentrations of 3H in seawater samples.
FIG. 18. Activity concentrations of 3H in seawater samples.
FIG. 19. Activity concentrations of 90Sr in seawater samples.
FIG. 20. Activity concentrations of 90Sr in seawater samples.
FIG. 21. Activity concentrations of 90Sr in seawater samples.
FIG. 22. Activity concentrations of 90Sr in seawater samples.
FIG. 23. Activity concentrations of 90Sr in seawater samples.
FIG. 24. Activity concentrations of 90Sr in seawater samples.
FIG. 25. Activity concentrations of 134Cs in seawater samples.
FIG. 26. Activity concentrations of 134Cs in seawater samples.
FIG. 27. Activity concentrations of 134Cs in seawater samples.
FIG. 28. Activity concentrations of 134Cs in seawater samples.
FIG. 29. Activity concentrations of 134Cs in seawater samples.
FIG. 30. Activity concentrations of 134Cs in seawater samples.
FIG. 31. Activity concentrations of 137Cs in seawater samples.
FIG. 32. Activity concentrations of 137Cs in seawater samples.
FIG. 33. Activity concentrations of 137Cs in seawater samples.
FIG. 34. Activity concentrations of 137Cs in seawater samples.
FIG. 35. Activity concentrations of 137Cs in seawater samples.
FIG. 36. Activity concentrations of 137Cs in seawater samples.
FIG. 37. Massic activities of 134Cs in sediment samples.
FIG. 38. Massic activities of 134Cs in sediment samples.
FIG. 39. Massic activities of 137Cs in sediment samples.
FIG. 40. Massic activities of 137Cs in sediment samples.
FIG. 41. Massic activities of 239+240Pu in sediment samples.
FIG. 42. Massic activities of 239+240Pu in sediment samples.
FIG. 43. Massic activities of 134Cs in fish samples.
FIG. 44. Massic activities of 134Cs in fish samples.
FIG. 45. Massic activities of 137Cs in fish samples.
FIG. 46. Massic activities of 137Cs in fish samples.
CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW
Harms, A. International Atomic Energy Agency
Osvath, I. International Atomic Energy Agency
Osborn, D. International Atomic Energy Agency
Bartocci,J. International Atomic Energy Agency
Blinova, O. International Atomic Energy Agency
Fujak, M. International Atomic Energy Agency
Le Normand, J. International Atomic Energy Agency
Levy, I. International Atomic Energy Agency
Liong Wee Kwong, L. International Atomic Energy Agency
Mc Ginnity, P. International Atomic Energy Agency
Morris, P. International Atomic Energy Agency
Pham, M. K. International Atomic Energy Agency
Rozmaric, M. International Atomic Energy Agency
Sam, A. International Atomic Energy Agency
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IAEA/AQ/59
IAEA Analytical Quality in Nuclear Applications Series No. 59
Interlaboratory Comparisons 2014–2016: Determination
of Radionuclides in Sea Water, Sediment and Fish
INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA
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