Erfan Dabaghi Zadeh, Frej Mighri, and Denis Rodrigue
Chapitre 4- Conclusion générale
57
Conclusion générale et recommandations
Selon les investigations, les emballages plastiques alimentaires ont été un facteur significatif de l'augmentation de la pollution environnementale dans les dernières années. Donc, plusieurs efforts ont été faits pour utiliser des produits biodégradables dans les emballages alimentaires. Cependant, la production de films antimicrobiens par une technique simple et économique est un problème auquel plusieurs chercheurs se sont attaqués.
Généralement, mélanger le CS (méthode du coulage) avec des biopolymères (PLA) crée des films avec d'excellentes propriétés telles que la biodégradabilité et la résistance à l'humidité. Les films composites de CS et PLA étaient produits par la technique de coulage de la solution de mélanges correspondants dans l'acide acétique et le chloroforme. Malgré les qualités désirables du CS et PLA telles que déterminées dans la revue de littérature (la résistance à l'humidité et les hautes propriétés mécaniques du PLA ainsi que les propriétés antimicrobiennes du chitosane), il existe plusieurs inconvénients au mélange de ces solutions comme l'immiscibilité, l'incompatibilité et le manque de ductilité causés la présence de particules résiduelles dans les films finaux. D'un autre côté, la présence de particules de CS a augmenté la température de cristallisation et a diminué la résistance mécanique des films. Néanmoins, la présence de PCL et PEG est fortement appropriée pour augmenter l'adhésion et l'élongation respectivement. De plus, l'oxygène est l’une des causes principales de détérioration des aliments. Donc, des films procurant une bonne barrière à l'oxygène peuvent aider à maintenir la qualité du produit et augmenter la durée de vie des aliments.
Suite aux travaux réalisés, il serait important de les compléter en étudiant la morphologie des films composites (homogénéité, interface, taille des particules), ainsi que de faire des caractérisations supplémentaires (perméabilité au CO2 et N2, résistance à la déchirure, etc.).
58
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