Chapitre 4 Exchange of associated factors directs a switch in HBO1 acetyltransferase
5.6. Conclusion
Au cours de mon doctorat, j’ai pu caractériser différents domaines protéiques présents dans les sous-unités des acétyltransférases de la famille MYST. Ces caractérisations ont permis de localiser ces protéines sur le génome entier ainsi que d’établir leur fonction dans la transcription des gènes. Elles ont également permis de comprendre les différentes interactions moléculaires qui existent entre les divers domaines de la même sous-unité ou de sous-unités différentes dans le même complexe. J’ai également révélé un nouveau mécanisme par lequel ces acétyltransférases choisissent leur spécificité de substrat, soit par leur association à différentes sous-unités d’échafaudage. Tous ces résultats démontrent donc qu’il est important de percevoir les MYST acétyltransférases comme des complexes et non comme des protéines individuelles (Tableau 5-1). En effet, la littérature abonde d’expériences qui ne prennent pas en considération cette notion de « complexe ». De plus, il est important d’étudier ces complexes dans un contexte de chromatine (et non d’histones libres) afin d’observer leur spécificité catalytique. Finalement, plusieurs des sous-unités et leurs paralogues possèdent déjà des fonctions dans différents contextes cellulaires (Tableau 5-2) et il sera donc important de déterminer avec quel(s) complexe(s) chaque fonction est associée. Si la reconnaissance, la spécificité d’acétylation ainsi que la fonction cellulaire de ces enzymes passent par l’ensemble de leurs sous-unités, il est donc essentiel de ne pas oublier qu’elles sont associées à d’autres protéines et que ces protéines sont tout aussi importantes pour leur fonctionnement que la sous-unité enzymatique en elle-même.
158
Tableau 5-1. Résumé des différents domaines protéiques et spécificités des complexes MYST étudiés. a Selon Mishimal et al. (2011).
b Vu en surexpression uniquement.
Complexes
Autres sous- unités confirmées
Domaines protéiques et de reconnaissance de la chromatine
Activité spécifique sur la
chromatine
HBO1-JADE(1/2/3) ING4/5, hEaf6
JADE (1/2/3)
Domaine I : sous-unité catalytique Domaine II : INGs/hEaf6
N-term EPcA : essentiel à la spécificité d’acétylation sur chromatine
PZP: H3K4me0 H4K5/8/12ac
ING4/5 PHD : H3K4me3
HBO1 MYST : catalytique et liaison domaine I JADEs
HBO1-BRPF1 ING4/5, hEaf6
BRPF1
Domaine I : sous-unité catalytique Domaine II : INGs/hEaf6
N-term EPcA: essentiel à la spécificité d’acétylation sur chromatine PZP: H3K4me0
PWWP: H3K36me3 Bromo: H4ac
H3K14/23ac ING4/5 PHD: H3K4me3
HBO1 MYST : catalytique et liaison domaine I BRPF1
HBO1-BRPF2a ING4, hEaf6 BRPF2 ING4 Voir BRPF1 PHD: H3K4me3 H3K14ac
HBO1 MYST: catalytique et liaison domaine I BRPF2
MOZ/MORF- BRPF1/2/3 ING5, hEaf6 BRPF1/2/3 Voir BRPF1 H3K14/23ac ING5 PHD: H3K4me3 MOZ/ MORF
MYST : catalytique et liaison domaine I BRPFs Tandem PHD : H3K14ac/H3R2me0 (MORF)
MOZ-JADE1b ING5, hEaf6
JADE1 Voir JADE
H4ac (K5/8/12 ?) ING5 PHD: H3K4me3
MOZ/ MORF
MYST : catalytique et liaison domaine I JADEs Tandem PHD: H3K14ac/H3R2me0
159
Protéines Paralogues Fonctions cellulaires
JADE JADE1 Transcription
Suppresseur de tumeurs
BRPF BRPF1 Expression des gènes HOX
BRPF2 Érythropoïèse
ING
ING4
Voie NF-κB (via expression IκB) Hypoxie
Prolifération et croissance cellulaire Suppresseur de tumeurs
Transcription p53/c-myc
ING5
Réplication
Prolifération et croissance cellulaire Suppresseur de tumeurs
Transcription p53
HBO1 -
Réplication
Transcription des gènes, en particulier ceux de la voie p53/p21
Co-activateur transcriptionnel, récepteurs nucléaires hormonaux
Répression des gènes HOX Suppresseur de tumeurs Voie NF-κB
Érythropoïèse/ Développement des cellules souches hématopoïétiques
MOZ -
Expression des gènes HOX et TBX1 Co-activateur transcriptionnel AML1, p65
(NF-κB) et p21 Hématopoïèse
MORF - Neurogénèse
Tableau 5-2. Résumé des différentes fonctions cellulaires des sous-unités et paralogues des complexes acétyltransférases de la famille MYST principalement étudiés.
161
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