CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
4.5 Conclusion
Potato common scab incidence can be effectively reduced by the production of scab resistant cultivars. Since TA is marked as the pathogenicity determinant, our lab has regenerated TA- habituated somaclones by adapting Yukon Gold calli to gradually increasing TA concentrations. Yukon Gold somaclones, YG8, and YG32 showed reduced scab index with lesser lesions development on their tubers surface compared to the original cultivar YGP. We hypothesized that Yukon Gold somaclones with improved scab resistance would accumulate higher amounts of ferritin and iron in their tubers than those of YGP contributing to a defense mechanism against bacterial pathogen S. scabiei causing common scab. To begin with, the iron distribution was observed close to the periderm region of mature tubers from YG8 and YG32 somaclones using the Perl’s/DAB staining method which did not appear in the case of YGP.
However, quantification analysis revealed the increased accumulation of iron in tuber flesh of YG somaclones compared to YGP. It is possible that iron may be evenly distributed throughout the tubers of YG8 and YG32 somaclones. Subcellular localization of iron using confocal microscopy in these somaclonal tubers may be beneficial to further investigate the changes in comparison to YGP. Additionally, we speculate a competition between YG somaclones and S.
scabiei to accumulate iron as S. scabiei showed induction of expression of genes involved in the synthesis of a siderophore in the presence of microtubers obtained from YG somaclones, and at the same time, these microtubers accumulated higher amounts of iron compared to those of YGP. Further transcriptomic analyses on the genome of S. scabiei grown with and without the presence of YG somaclones could further help to identify other genes that might respond to change in iron levels. Moreover, YG8 and YG32 minitubers grown in the presence of S.
scabiei for 17 days showed a reduction in the severity of common scab in contrast to YGP. In fact, YG32 minitubers strongly expressed the FER1 gene after 17 days post-infection
69 suggesting its possible involvement in plant defense. However, the expression levels of FER1 in YG32 were relatively lower during the early stages of infection in comparison to non-infected YG32 minitubers. Addition of siderophore, deferoxamine mesylate seems to favor bacteria as it increased the common scab index in YG32 somaclone, but YG32 minitubers still showed a significant increase in FER1 expression after 17 days. This again suggests that YG32 somaclone may be expressing ferritin as a part of defense response against common scab.
Knocking out the FER1 gene in these somaclones could also help in better understanding its role under the same conditions. Somaclones from other potato cultivars namely Kennebec and Envol also point out the possibility of plants expressing ferritin as part of a defense mechanism against S. scabiei. These results indicate a strong link of ferritin with higher resistance of TA-habituated somaclones to common scab. Proteomic analyses could be performed on the somaclones from other cultivars in comparison to their original cultivar to check the abundance of ferritin as well. To sum up, this study has provided better knowledge for resistance to common scab, and it can be used as a reference for further investigation on the role of plant ferritin in disease resistance.
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