Si l’utilisation d’une approche venue du champ de l’écologie pourrait paraitre dissonante dans le cas de problématiques agronomiques telles que la protection des plantes ou le maintien des rendements, les résultats obtenus nous encouragent à poursuivre sur cette voie. En effet, nous avons présenté lors de cette étude comment une approche par traits fonctionnels peut être utilisée pour évaluer le niveau de service fourni par des couverts végétaux à l’agrosystème.
L’application d’une telle approche dans le cas de la lutte biologique en vergers d’agrumes au travers de la gestion des communautés végétales spontanées apparait tout à fait pertinente même si elle demande à être consolidée dans son opérationnalité. La zone d’ombre majeure restant la sélection des traits d’effet et de leurs attributs à considérer d’intérêt pour la faune auxiliaire des vergers d’agrumes. Sa représentation simplifiée des communautés végétales complexes et parfois singulières de ces systèmes de culture, et des espèces qui les constituent, offre en tout état de cause un cadre de travail adapté à l’étude des effets de la biodiversité sur les systèmes de culture et permet une représentation des variations spatio-temporelles de fonctionnalité des couverts.
D’un point de vue plus pratique, cet outil devra contribuer au processus de co-conception de systèmes de culture agrumicoles durables via un pilotage optimisé de la biodiversité et de ses services rendus (Le Bellec et al., 2012. La généricité d’une telle approche ouvre, après ajustement aux services attendus et traits associés, des perspectives d’application à l’agrumiculture en particulier, et au-delà du champ de l’arboriculture en général.
28
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Table des annexes
Annexe 1. Dispositif expérimental initial (jai = 0) sur les sites de Bassin Plat et Yébo. ... i
Annexe 2. Calendrier des observations. ... ii
Annexe 3. Dispositif expérimental 103 jours après intervention sur le site Yébo. ... iii
Annexe 4. Grille support pour l’estimation du pourcentage de recouvrement des espèces. ... iv
Annexe 5. Evolution des dynamiques de croissance (hauteurs et diamètres végétatifs) mesurées des individus de l’espèce Plantago lanceolata L. sur les sites Morel, Bénard et Yébo. ... v
i