Conclusion du chapitre

Ce chapitre a permis de passer en revue l’essentiel des travaux de recherche réalisés autour du procédé de soudage par FSW notamment pour mettre en lumière les études liées à la caractérisation du comportement mécanique, sous chargement de traction monotone quasi-statique et de fatigue, des soudures FSW.

Le procédé de soudage par FSW introduit de fortes modifications de microstructure le long des joints et introduit un état de contraintes résiduelles très complexe. Cela conduit, en général, à la dégradation des propriétés mécaniques des soudures FSW et dépend des paramètres du procédé. Le profil de microdureté le long des joints illustre les forts gradients de microstructure qui s’explique par la modification des tailles de grains (dans le noyau et la ZATM) et par l’état de précipitation : modification de la distribution des phases durcissantes, modification de leur taille, leur dissolution ainsi que l’apparition de nouvelle. Ces hétérogénéités de microstructure induisent des hétérogénéités de comportement mécanique

dans chacune des zones constituant les joints soudés. Cette problématique n’a pas été abordée largement dans la littérature. Si des travaux ont été réalisés pour la caractérisation du comportement mécanique en traction monotone quasi-statique, aucune étude n’a permis de caractériser le comportement mécanique cyclique des soudures FSW.

La tenue en fatigue des joints soudés par FSW a été très peu abordée dans la littérature, aussi, les mécanismes d’endommagement et les origines de l’amorçage des fissures de fatigue restent mal compris. Nous espérons contribuer, par notre étude, à répondre à ces questionnements et à mieux comprendre la tenue en fatigue des joints soudés par FSW et leurs propriétés mécaniques cycliques.

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CHAPITRE II