• Aucun résultat trouvé

The schoolBeat-approach is made up of six – relatively easy to apply – steps as part of a coordinated support of tailored school health promotion. Field experience with these steps is still limited. From other studies, it is widely accepted that general community programs take may years to produce results (Goodman, 1998). Hence, little can be said about its proven effectiveness as yet.

During the initial development of the schoolBeat approach some shortcomings were identified, which were addressed as well. As some of the introduced new concepts in school health promotion deal with one or more of the priority areas for enhancing the effectiveness of school health promotion, it seems worthwhile to take a long-term perspective with this approach. In the meantime, some of these new concepts have been lifted from the regional level to the national level to facilitate long-term regional implementation. For example, application of the schoolBeat quality-checklist to nationally available school-based health promotion programs does not fit fully with the set tasks of regional health promotion agencies. On the other hand, application of the checklist and making assessment results publicly available does fit with tasks set by the National Government for National Health Promotion Institutes to support regional and local health promotion.

Based on theoretical planning, formative research and preliminary fieldwork, we have high expectations of the added value of the ‘schoolBeat quality-checklist’ and the ‘DISC-model’ in the field of school health promotion.

The use of the quality checklist and the diagnosis-model in other countries and cultures is welcomed in order to gain a wide spectrum of field experiences and insights into possible points for improvement.

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the schoolBeat coalition partners (schools, municipalities, health promotion and welfare organizations: Bureau Youth Care Limburg, RIAGG Maastricht, Mondriaan Zorggroep, Trajekt, Maastricht Public Health Institute, NIGZ and Maastricht University) for their constructive advice and support in developing and realizing the schoolBeat approach.

Thanks also to Justin Winton for his help in the preparation of this manuscript.

The schoolBeat study is supported by a grant from ZonMW Healthy Living (project 4010.003) and from the OGZ Foundation (project p342).

References

Ader, M., Berensson, K., Carlsson, P., Granath, M. and Urwitz, V. (2001) ‘Quality indicators for health promotion programmes’ Health Promotion International, 16, 2: 187-195.

Allensworth, D. and Kolbe, L. (1987) ‘The comprehensive school health program:

exploring an expanded concept’, Journal of School Health, 57, 409-412.

Bartholomew, L.K. Parcel, G.S., Kok, G. and Gottlieb, N.H. (2001) Intervention Mapping: Designing Theory and Evidence Based Health Promotion Programs, Mayfield.

Boerma, L. and Hegger, W. (2001) Gezond op school – een methodiek om team en ouders samen te laten beslissen over prioriteiten op het gebied van gezondheid [Health at school – a workshop for parents and staff on prioritizing in school health promotion],ITS/NIGZ.

Buijs, G., Jong, A. de, Paulussen, T. and Wijngaarden, J. van (2002) Landelijk actieprogramma schoolgezondheidsbeleid [National Action Program School Health Promotion], NIGZ.

Buijs, G., Ausems, M. and Leurs, M. (2004) schoolSlag-prioriteiten workshop Voortgezet Onderwijs [schoolBeat priority workshop secondary education], NIGZ.

Cameron, R., Jolin, M.A., Walker, R., McDermott, N. and Gough, M. (2001) ‘Linking science and practice: toward a system for enabling communities to adopt best practices for chronic disease prevention’, Health Promotion International, 16, 1, 35-42.

102 The Health Promoting School: International Advances in Theory, Evaluation and Practice

Cuijpers, P., Jonkers, R., Weerd, I. de, and Jong, A. de. (2002) ‘The effects of drug abuse prevention at school: “The Healthy School and Drugs” project’

Addiction, 97, 67-73.

Deschesnes, M., Martin, C. and Jomphe Hill, A. (2003) ‘Comprehensive approaches to school health promotion: how to achieve broader implementation?’ Health Promotion International, 18, 4, 387-396.

Goffin, A. (2004) ‘Successful inter-agency collaboration: health agencies working together to better promote health in schools – the Health Promoting Schools Partnership Groups, South Australia’ paper presented at the World Conference on Health Promotion & Health Education, Melbourne, 26-30 April.

Goodman, R.M. (1998) ‘Principles and tools for evaluation community-based prevention and health promotion programs’, Journal of Public Health Management Practice, 4, 2, 37-47.

Green, L.W. and Kreuter, M.W. (1999) Health Promotion and Planning: An Educational and Ecological Approach, Mayfield Publishing Company.

Green, L.W. and Lewis, F.M. (1986) Measurement and Evaluation in Health Education and Health Promotion, Mayfield Publishing Company.

Greenberg, M.T. (2004) ‘Current and future challenges in school-based prevention: the researcher perspective’, Preventive Medicine, 5, 1, 5-13.

Jones, J.E., Scanlon, K., Raphael, B., Hillin, A., McAlpine, R., Critchley, A., Stonehouse, R., McKie, D., Kerr-Roubicek, H. and Meerman, G. (2002) ‘Health and Education Working Together: The New South Wales School-Link Initiative’, International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 4, 4, 36-43.

Judd, J., Frankish, C.J. and Moulton, G. (2001) ‘Setting standards in the evaluation of community based health promotion programmes – a unifying approach’, Health Promotion International, 16, 4, 367-380.

Kolbe, L.J. (1986) ‘Increasing the impact of school health promotion programs:

emerging research perspectives’, Health Education, 17, 47-52.

Lee, A., Tsang, C., Lee, S.H. and To, C.Y. (2003) ‘A comprehensive “healthy schools programme” to promote school health: the Hong Kong Experience in joining the efforts of health and education sectors’, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 57, 174-177.

Leurs, M., Jansen, M. and Ruiter, M. (2002) ‘Coordinated School Health Program:

het ‘Gezonde School Model’ van de toekomst?’Tijdschrift voor Gezondheids-wetenschappen, 80, 7, 471-473, 2002.

Leurs, M. (2003) ‘Gezondheidsbevordering in het onderwijs: de schoolSlag-uitdaging [health promotion in schools: the schoolBeat challenge]’, Remediaal, 4, 1, 2-8.

Leurs, M., Mur-Veeman, I., Schaalma, H. and Vries, N. de (2003) ‘Integrale samenwerking gaat verder dan de samenwerking tussen professionals:

introductie van het DISC-model [Integrated collaboration continues beyond professional collaboration: introduction of the DISC-model]’, Tijdschrift voor Gezondheidswetenschappen, 81, 6, 369-373.

Leurs, M. (2004) ‘Report of the Health Promoting Schools Day at the IUPHE Conference – Melbourne 2004’Tijdschrift voor Gezondheidswetenschappen, (accepted for publication).

Leurs, M.T.W., Schaalma, H.P. Jansen, M.W.J., Mur-Veeman, I.M. and Vries, N.K.

de (2005) Development of a collaborative model to improve school health promotion in the Netherlands. Health Promotion International, Advance Access published March 29, 2005.

Lier, P. van, Muthén, B., Sar, R. van der, and Crijnen, A. (2002) ‘Preventing disruptive behavior in elementary schoolchildren: I impact of a universal classroom-based intervention’ in: Lier, P.A.C. van Preventing Disruptive Behavior in Early Elementary Schoolchildren, Erasmus University Rotterdam (dissertation) 82, 7, 467-468.

Lister-Sharp, D., Chapman, S., Stewart-Brown, S. and Sowden, A. (1999) ‘Health promoting schools and health promotion in schools: two systematic reviews’, Health Technology Asssessment, 3, 22.

Marshall, B.J., Sheehan, M.M., Northfield, J.R., Maher, S., Carlisle, R. and St.Leger, L.H. (2000) ‘School-based health promotion across Australia’, Journal of School Health, 6, 251-252.

Marx, E. and Wooley, S.F. (1998) Health is Academic. A Guide to Coordinated School Health Programs, Education Development Center Inc.

Mc.Leod, J. (2003) The Partnership Analysis Tool: For Partners inHealth PromotionVicHealth.

Molleman, G.R.M., Peters, L.W.H., Hosman, C.M.H., Hommels, L.M., Ploeg, M.A., Kok, H.H. and Llopis, E. (2003) ‘De Preffi 2.0: systematische ontwikkeling van een kwaliteitsinstrument voor gezondheidsbevordering [The Preffi 2.0:

systematic development of a quality instrument for health promotion]’

Tijdschrift voor Gezondheidswetenschappen, 81, 5, 247-55.

104 The Health Promoting School: International Advances in Theory, Evaluation and Practice

Mur-Veeman, I.M. and Raak, A. van (1994) ‘Interorganizational networks on the Dutch home health care market’, International Journal of Health Planning and Policy, 9, 245-258.

Nutbeam, D., Aar, L. and Catford, J. (1989) ‘Understanding children’s health behaviour: the implications for health promotion for young people’, Social Sciences and Medicine, 29, 3, 317-325.

Paulussen, Th. (2002) ‘Voeren scholen een gezondheidsbeleid?’ in: Jansen J, Schuit AJ, Lucht F van der. Tijd voor gezond gedrag. Bevorderen van gezond gedrag bij specifieke groepen [Time for healthy behavior. Health promotion for specific groups].RIVM/Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum.

Peters, L.W.H. (2001) De Netwerkbenadering. Review [The Network-approach – a review].NIGZ Center for Review and Implementation.

Peters, L.W.H. and Keijsers, J.F.E.M. (2002) Kwaliteitscriteria voor gezondheids-bevorderende interventies in en om scholen: review en checklistontwikkeling [Quality criteria for school health promotino interventions: review and checklist development].NIGZ Center for Review and Implementation.

Peters, L.W.H., Leurs, M.T.W., Jansen, M.W.J., Keijsers, J.F.E.M. and Schaalma, H.P.

(2004). ‘Ontwikkeling van de schoolSlag checklist voor kwaliteit van schoolgerichte interventies [Development of the schoolBeat checklist for the quality of HPS interventions]’, Tijdschrift voor Gezondheidswetenschappen, 82, 1, 50-57.

Pratt, J., Pampling, D. and Gordon, P. (1998) Partnerships Fit for Purpose?King’s Fund.

Pijpers, F.I.M. (1999). School Health Policy in Primary Education, Leiden University (dissertation).

Raak, A. van, Mur-Veeman, I., Hardy, B., Steenbergen, M. and Paulus, A. (2003) Integrated Care in Europe: Description and Comparison of Integrated Care in Six EU Countries, Elzevier Gezondheidszorg.

Ravensbergen, J. (2003) ‘ZON, ZonMW en Effectieve Implementatie’ in Ravensbergen, J., Friele, R., Keijsers, J., Wensing, M. and Klazinga, N. Zicht – nieuwe Wegen voor Implementatie [In sight – new roads towards implemen-tation], Koninklijke Van Gorcum.

Rissel, C. and Bracht, N. (1999) ‘Assessing Community Needs, Resources, and Readiness – Building on Strengths’ In: Bracht, N. (ed) Health promotion at the Community Level 2nd ed. Sage Publications, Inc.

Rogers, E., Moon, A.M., Mullee, M.A., Speller, V.M. and Roderick, P.J. (1998)

‘Developing the ‘health promoting school’ – a national survey of healthy school awards’, Public Health, 112, 37-40.

Ruland, E., Raak, A. van, Spreeuwenberg, C. and Ree, J. van. (2003) ‘Managing New Public Health: hoe zijn preventieve samenwerkingsverbanden te realiseren? Een agenda voor actie en onderzoek [how can preventive collaborations be realised? An agenda for action and research]’, Tijdschrift voor Gezondheidswetenschappen, 81, 1, 52-55.

Schaalma, H.P., Kok, G., Bosker, R.J., Parcel, G.S., Peters, L., Poelman, J. and Reinders, J. (1996) ‘Planned development and evaluation of AIDS/STD education for secondary school students’, Health Education Quarterly, 23, 4, 469-487.

Stewart-Brown, S. (2001) ‘Evaluating health promotion in schools: reflections’

in: Rootman, I., Goodstadt, M., Hyndman, B., McQueen, D.V., Potvin, L., Springett, J. and Ziglio, E. Evaluation in Health Promotion: Principles and Perspectives, World Health Organization.

St.Leger, L.H. (1999) ‘The opportunities and effectiveness of the health promoting primary school in improving child health – a review of claims and evidence’, Health Education Research, 14, 1, 51-69.

St.Leger, L. and Nutbeam, D. (1999) ‘Evidence of effective health promotion in schools’ in: Boddy, D. (ed) The Evidence of Health Promotion Effectiveness:

Shaping Public Health in a New Europe, European Union.

St.Leger, L. and Nutbeam, D. (2000) ‘A model for mapping linkages between health and education agencies to improve school health’, Journal of School Health, 70, 2, 45-50.

Vandenbroucke, S., Lenders, F. and Vinck, J. (1995) ‘De kwaliteit van de planning van gezondheidspromotieprojecten in Vlaanderen [The quality of health promotion intervention planning in Flanders]’, Tijdschrift Gezondheids-bevordering, 16, 3-4, 150-162.

Veen, D. van, Day, C. and Walraven, G. (eds) (1998) Multi-Service Schools, Garant Publishers.

Walker, R. (2000) Collaboration and alliances: a review for VicHealthVictorian Health Promotion Foundation.

Wallerstein, N. (1992) ‘Powerlessness, empowerment, and health: implications for health promotion programs’, American Journal of Health Promotion, 6, 3, 197-205.

Yin, R.K. (1994) Case study research, Design and Methods, Applied Social Research Methods Series, Sage Publications.

6 Implementing Research-based

Health Promotion Programmes in

Schools: Strategies for Capacity

Building