Seynabou Séne1,2,7,8, Marc-André Selosse2, Mathieu Forget2, Alexandre Geoffroy2, Josie Lambourdière2, Elsie Rivera-Ocasio3, Hippolyte Kodja4, Mansour Thiao1, Kazuhide Nara 5, Jean-
Louis Mansot 6, Abdala Gamby Diédhiou1, Samba Ndao Sylla1 & Amadou Bâ7* 1 LMI-‐LAPSE/Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie, IRD/UCAD/ISRA, BP 1386 Dakar, Sénégal 2 UMR 7205 CNRS ISYEB Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Département Systématique et
Evolution, CP 50, 45 rue Buffon 75005 Paris, France
3 Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-‐Bayamon, Parque Industrial Minillas Carr 174, Bayamón Puerto Rico, 00959-‐1911
4 Université de La Réunion, 15 Av. R. Cassin CS 92003. 97744 Saint-‐denis Cedex 9, La Réunion, France 5 Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo 5-‐1-‐5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-‐
8563, Japan
6 Centre Commun de Caractérisation des Matériaux, Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université des Antilles, BP 592, 97159, Pointe-‐à-‐Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
7 LSTM/UMR113, Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Végétales, Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université des Antilles, BP 592, 97159, Pointe-‐à-‐Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
aba@univ-‐ag.fr
Coccoloba uvifera (also named seagrape) is a Polygonaceae tree native to tropical America, where it forms ectomycorrhizae (ECM) with a diversity of fungal species, including Scleroderma bermudense. This fungus improves growth, mineral nutrition and salt tolerance of C. uvifera seedlings planted as ornamental and seashore windbreak species along Caribbean beaches and roadsides. C. uvifera is introduced into several tropical regions including Senegal where it only associated with S. bermudense. To verify if this plant is associated with the same species in other introduction regions, we sequenced ITS of sporocarps and ECM from regions of origin (Guadeloupe, Martinique and Puerto Rico), and of introduction (French Guyana, Senegal, Reunion, Japan, Brazil and Malaysia). Subsequently, sporocarps and ECMs identified to S. bermudense were genotyped with 6 microsatellite markers to verify if S. bermudense is co-introduced with C. uvifera or native everywhere. S. bermudense identified with C. uvifera in original regions is identical to that found as exclusive associate of C. uvifera in French Guiana, Senegal and Reunion. However, in Porto Rico, another species of Scleroderma (Scleroderma sp.) is associated with C. uvifera in addition to the S. bermudense. This Scleroderma sp. is the exclusive associate of C. uvifera in Japan, Malaysia and Brazil. Coccoloba uvifera would therefore have preference for Scleroderma spp. in all its introduction regions. Low genetic isolation by distance was observed in S. bermudense between populations of origin and introduction regions, where a low founder effect suggested recent introduction. However, high gene flow was noted within each regions suggesting large spore dispersal in S. bermudense. Marked genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.27) between populations of S. bermudense in Senegal and those in Reunion supports independent introductions of this fungus in these two regions. Genets of S. bermudense identified in introduction regions were probably co-introduced with C. uvifera seeds. Finally, germination in sterile soil and scanning electron microscopy suggest that dried fruits of C. uvifera collected in situ agglomerate (probably before drying) spores identified in S. bermudense. Thus, dried fruits may have been involved in the co-introduction of this fungus with C. uvifera.
80. Year round at-sea distribution of Audubon’s shearwater Puffinus l. lherminieri, from
the Lesser Antilles (Martinique Is.).
C. Precheur1,2*, D. Pinaud1, K. Delord1, and V. Bretagnolle1
1CEBC, UMR 7372 CNRS & Université de La Rochelle, F-‐79360 Villiers en Bois, France 2Laboratoire Biologie marine (EA926), Université des Antilles, 97159 Pointe-‐à-‐Pitre, Guadeloupe.
carine.precheur@gmail.com.
Seabird conservation has much focused on protection of breeding site rather than protection of marine habitats although the at-sea conditions are most determinant for their survival. First informations on the marine habitat are needed as well as during breeding season than non-breeding season. In Caribbean region, such studies on foraging ecology of seabird are needed in this hotspot for seabird where almost half of seabirds are threatened. Identify key foraging areas is urgent as we know risk of mortality caused by direct or indirect impact of fisheries, pollution, and global warming climate are real, even not quantified. In our study, we are focused on the description of key areas used by the Audubon’s shearwater Puffinus l. lherminieri, a tropical pelagic seabird from Martinique during breeding, non- breeding and pre-breeding periods. We analysed 24 tracking of birds between April 2015 to February 2015.We also assessed potential suitable marine habitat for the specie and compare its distribution with Bahamas population distribution. Whatever the season, Audubon’s shearwaters distribution was rather close to the Lesser Antilles region as well as off the coast of South America. This relative sedentarity may be explained by the highly productive area all around the year. The foraging niche of the seabird was highly influenced by the diffusion of Amazon and Orinoco rivers in the region, shaping the marine environment with high SST and low salinity waters. We also found a very strong spatial segregation between the two populations from Martinique and Bahamas, with virtually no overlap at all, except for the Sargassum sea, likely underlying some form of spatial niche partitioning. Management of marine habitat of the various populations species had to take into account the complexity of several territories with different policies in seabird management in the Caribbean region.