UNIT 19
Basic Sentences: Seku tells Kuka that he just heard the news broadcast.
¿Yãm kelgá dádìo dabúdè?
-Kuka-When did you listen to the radio?
Dunda.
-Sekù-Today.
ya kíbaesè
¿Ya kibaes bwé?
-Kuka-It*s the news.
What news is there?
n la a kb á ya and it gave it to you
¿Ya kibaes bwb n la a ko a yã? What news did it give?
tí nasad silgá lui Dakad Dakád ne Marseilles
-Sekù-that a plane fell in Dakar Dakar and Marseilles
Dakad ne Marseilles sukà between Dakar and Marseilles A yéelà me tí nasad silgá lui
Marseilles sukà.
Dákàd ne It said that a plane crashed be
tween Dakar and Marseilles.
m wúmà me
-Kuka-I understand
M ká wúm yel I didn*t know thatI
la nebà
-Sekù-but the people
pooglgá me hurt
La néb ká pooglg ye.
Bato fããgà me Batéè fããg nébà.
But the people weren*t hurt, a boat saved
The boat saved the people.
Yá súmà.
-Kuka-That*s good.
UNIT 19
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Ub wáa Dákàd.
-Seku-They arrived in Dakar.
Ub wáa Dákàd zaamé. They arrived in Dakar yesterday.
19.1A Repetition Drill
Illustration: Verb form and meaning.
A fããgà nébà. He saved the people. (The people are saved.)
A kádmà sébdà. He read the document. (The docu
ment has been studied.)
Tond waa Dákàd. We arrived in Dakar. (We are in Dakar.)
M wúmà sébdà. We understand the document. (The process of trying to comprehend has been completed.
Neb poglgá me. They people are hurt. (Have come to be hurt.)
Mam námsà mwásà. I !m tired. (I got tired.)
19.IB Note: The perfective form of the verb is used as the simple past tense.
19-1C Response Drill
Practice: Use of simple past tense.
Directions: The student answers the following questions either nega
tively or affirmatively to familiarize himself with the forms of the past. All the sentences are related contextually to facilitate comprehension.
Instructor Student
¿Avion lui zaam bí? Ngée, avion lui zaamé.
Áyò, avion ká lui ye.
¿Neb pooglga me bí? Ngée, néb pooglga me.
Áyò, néb ká péoglg ye.
¿Ub fáãgà néba fáã bí? Ngée, ub fáãgà nébà fáã.
Áyò, ub ká fáãg nebã fáã yé.
¿Dadio yeelá fáã bí? Ngée, dádio yeelá fãã.
Áyò, dádio ká yéel fã ye.
¿Nebà waa Dakad bí? Ngée, nébà waa Dákàd.
Áyò, nébà ká wáa Dákàd yé.
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UNIT 19Instructor Student
¿Dawa Kuk waa Dakad zaam bi?
¿Yám wuma mam bi?
¿Yám kelga kibaes bí?
¿Yám waa laafi bí?
Ngee, Dawa Kuk waa Dakad zaame.
Áyo, Dawa Kuk ká wá Dakad zaam ye.
Ngée, m waa laafi.
Áyby m ká wá laafi yá.
Ngee, m wúmà yám.
Áyò, m ká wúm yám ye.
/ / v / V Ngee, m kelga kibaese.
Áyo, m ká kálg kibaes ye.
19.ID Response Exercise
Practice: Sentence construction using the simple past tense.
Directions: The student answers the questions as he chooses. The questions are contextually related to facilitate comprehension.
¿A lóogà ne tid<S bi, bí avion?
¿A lóogà dábudè?
¿Avion waa me bí?
¿Avián lui me bí?
¿Avion lui yae?
¿Bató fáãgà Dáwa Kuk bí?
¿Bwá fáãg Dáwa Kuka?
¿Dáwa Kuk pooglgá me bí?
¿A námsà me bí?
¿Dádio yeelá me tí avioón lui me bí?
¿Dádio yeelá bwá?
¿Yam kelga kibaes bi?
19.2A Repetition Drill
Verbs whose imperfective form is -ta.
¿Dáwa Kuk kengà yae?
¿A díkà tíd& bi, bi avion?
Nasad silga lui me.
Yám luitá me.
A yíi FÍdãse.
The airplane fell.
You are falling.
She left Prance.
We are leaving France.
I asked.
✓ | \ ^ ' Tond yita Fidãse.
M gósà me.
> '
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Practice: Imperfective endings in -da and -ta.
Directions: The instructor gives the perfective form of a verb. The student repeats the verb in the imperfective form. Then vice versa.
Role A
19.2D Transformation Response Drill
Practice: Contrast of perfective form to imperfective form.
Directions: The instructor makes a statement about what cKuka* has done. One student shows surprise at this news and inquires whether ^Kuka^does this every day. Another student answers. All sentences are related con
textually to facilitate comprehension and to illustrate the use of the tense.
Instructor
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UNIT 19UNIT 19
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1. Ub wáa Dakad.
2. Ya Dakad la ub wát.
/ \ /
1. Id tuma zaame.
2. Ya záamè la id túme.
/ / ✓
1. Id ka turn zaam ye.
2. Ka zaam la id turn yé.
1. M kéngà a Sablogo.
2. Ka a Sablóg la m kéng ye.
19.3B Note: Inverse Word Order
They arrived in Dakar.
It was in Dakar that they arrived.
We worked yesterday.
It was yesterday that we worked.
We didn*t work yesterday.
It wasn*t yesterday that we worked.
I went to Sablogo.
It wasn*t Sablogo that I went to.
1. The second sentence of each pair has the same denotative meaning as the first.
2. The first sentence of each pair has the usual More word order. There
fore it is matter of fact, unaccented. This word order is subject verb -object or complement.
subj ect verb object
A kéS bw? kibaesè
M díkdà móbili
3. In the second sentence, the complement precedes the main verb. In this way the speaker has drawn attention to it.
4. The grammatical mechanism for accenting the complement is the following /ya/ introduces the complement of an affirmative sentence.
/ka/ introduces the complement of a negative sentence.
/la/ introduces the subject and verb.
¿Ya kíbaes bwe _la kõ a yã?
Ka mobil la m dikd ye.
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UNIT 1919.3C Transformation Drill
Practice: Inverse word order and normal word order.
Directions: The instructor gives a sentence with emphatic word order.
The student repeats the sentence using bland word order. After the entire exercise has been completed, student and instructor switch roles.
Role A Role B
¿Ya kíbàes, lá a k<5 yã? ¿A kÓ<3 bwã kibáesè?
Ya móbil, lá m dík yá. M díkà mobilì.
Ya táSsgò, lá b kéng yã. Ub kéngà tããsgo.
Ya Dákàd, lá b wa yá. Ub wáa Dákád.
Ya záam, la d turn yã. Id tumà záamè.
Ya Mood, lá m góm yá. M gomà Mõbdé.
Ya dádio, lá a kelg yá. A kélgà dádio.
Ya sebd, la d kadm yã. Id kádmà sébdè.
Ya nébà, lá b fããg yá. Ub faãgà nébà.
Ya dád fã lá m tumdá. M túmdà dád fã.
¿Ya bw<l lá i gómdà? ¿Yám gómdà bwã?
Ya Mõ<3d, lá m wumdá. M wumdà Máãdè.
3D Transformation Drill
Practice: Emphatic word order in negative sentences.
Directions: Like 19.3C.
Role A Role B
Ká záam lá d turn ye. Id ká turn zaam yé.
Ká Bobo lá m keng ye. M ká kéng Bobo yé.
Ká a Sablóg lá b wa ye. Ub ká wá a Sablog yé.
Ká Moãd lá m gómd ye. M ká gomd Mãõd yé.
Ká móbil lá i dík ye. Yám ká dík mobíl yé.
Ká pind lá i lóog ye. Ytm ká loog pind yé.
Ká záabdà la b kángd yé. Ub ká kéngd zaabdã yé Ká móbilà lá b námsd ye. Ub námsdà mobilà.
Ká dádio lá á kelgd ye. A ká kélgd dadio yé.
Ká sébdà lá a kadmd ye. A ká kádmà sébda yé.
Ká nébà lá i fããg yé. Yám ká fáãg nébà yé.
Ká Silmíid lá m wúmd yé. M ká wumd Silmíid yé.
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19.3E Transformation Response Drill
Practice: Use of emphatic word order in conversation.
Directions: The instructor asks a question involving a choice. The student indicates a strong perference for the first item and rejects the second.
Instructor
¿Yám dikdà tídè bí, bí mobilì?
¿Yam gómdà M5<5d bí, bí Angles!?
¿Ub wàa Ámèdik bí, bí Haute Volta?
¿A túmà budoè bí, bí tengã?
¿Yám waa né baté bí, bí né silga?
¿A sékù kéosdà síbà bí, bí lembùyà?
¿Yám data bánan bí, bí papaya?
¿Yám gésdà a KÙk bí, bí a sékù?
¿Ub sáãma kùtweef bí, bí mobilì?
¿A tàdà zàkà bí, bí ótel?
¿A yíi FÍdãs bí, bí Ámèdika?
Student
Ya tídS la m dikdà. M kà díkd móbìl yé.
Ya Mõõd la m gómdà. M ká gómdà Angles yé.
Ya Ámèdik la b wà yã. Ub kà wà Haute Volta yé.
Ya budoè la a turn yã. A kà turn tengã yé.
Ya né baté là m wa yã. M kà wà né silgà yé.
Ya síbà la a koosdà. A kà koosd lembuj'- yé.
Yà bànan là m dàtà. M kà dàt papày yé.
Yà a Kuk là m gésdà. M kà gésd a Sekù yé.
Yà kùtweef là b sáãm yã. Ub kà sáãm mobíl yé.
Yà zàk là a tàdà. A kà tàd otel yé.
Ya FÍdãs là a yi yã. A kà yí Ámèdik yé.
19.3F Transformation Response Drill
Practice: Emphatic negative word order.
Directions: The instructor asks a question involving a choice. The student emphatically rejects the first item and accepts the second.
Instructor Student
¿Yám dikdà tíd§ bí, bí mébilì? Kà tídã là m díkd yé. M dikdà mobilì.