e
AIlIt
THE FIRST OF THE 12 BIT MICROS?
The PCM-72 is the first microcomputer product BYTE has seen built around the Intersil IM6100 computer chip. Quoting from the news release accompanying this photo, " .. . This kit is designed around the Intersil IM6100 microprocessor, a 72 bit static CMOS device that is software compatible with the Digital Equipment Corporation {DEC} PDP-8/E minicomputer.
The completed kit can execute most PDP-8 software, including assemblers, editors, debug routines and advanced languages like BASIC and FORTRAN. Much of this software is available from DEC on an unlicensed, over-the-counter basis." Kit prices range from $400 to $600 depending upon options, and the result is the computer pictured here. If you order the complete kit, you get 4096 words of static semiconductor memory (72 bits per word), a serial terminal interface, audio cassette recorder interface, cabinet and power supply. The memory is expandable to 32,768 words. Contact PCM at PO Box 275, San Ramon CA 94583 or call {475}837-5400.
•
JW---"
~ ~• • • ' ~I
• • • • •
,aOG'AM•
(OUNH'• • •
. , •
• •
l• • •
1...-nor uno..:..J• • • .
L-• 0.''''.
~ uno ~ If _ _ _ _ .o , ,
• • •
tuN
•
liNK
•
,.ltC ..
•
....
,," IIH
LIN.
,,'"
SWIfC"; flGliTl'
.-,.,...
.c..
B YTE'S UGS
.cA.
MIM
Dr George Haller points out a misalign-ment of the internal captions in the UART diagram of figure 4, page 26, in Don Lancaster's "Serial Interface," September 1975. The correct captions for pins 34 to 38 should read:
Pin 34 35 36 37 } 38
Name ENABLE PARITY KI LL STOP BITS
BITS/CHARACTER
88
..
.cA.
(tUM
t .
II.
~ lIS"
tloW_ c o -r
""'--~
Here lies documentation of known bugs detected in previous editions of BYTE . ..
The code for the pawn character in Don Lancaster's "Color G/'aphics" article, figure 8 (page 67, February), is incorrect as printed.
The proper code is illustrated here:
DISPLAY ASCII (el PAWN
Note also that in the format definition of figure 4 (page 65), the most significant bit is on the right and the least significant bit is on the left.
CRYSTALS
( .a[:
CENTRAL PROCESSOR UNITS
Frequency CaseSlyle Price
1.000 MHz HGlJlU S4.95
Each processolleature21<sinSlluClioncycles, and are brand newlrom the manulacturel. The TMS8080 is an!l 2nd gener·
ationproccssor:andlheAM090S0AlSOOOAisa2V,genera·
SEMICONOUCTOR SUPER SPECIALS 2N2222 wi1tlsolder lugs on leads Fasll/l4148 SISWllch 5,jNPNPholoTrans./Dplolsolalor .4 MCD, 20 rnA LED wilh Mounting Low Profile Yellow LED RED.185"(!ia.LED segmems are already mulliplexe(! S2.95
CALCULATOR CHIPS AND DRIVERS MM5725 DIGITAL WATCH READOUT FOR USE WITH WATCHES. sell·contained replaceable bobbin, onto component teads or termin alsinstal·
I~ on pre·punched .. p. Panern Vectorbord·. Connections between the wrapped wire and component leads. pads or terminals ale made by soldering.
Complete wi1tl250 FT 01 red wire. $9.50 ea.
REPLACEMENT WIRE - BOBBINS FOR WIRING PENCil W36·3·A·Pkg. 3
SOSOA Super800BA S39.95
SR'S
AY-5·tOt3 20KBAUD 56.95
ROM·S
2513 CHAR. GEN. 1'.oo
7488 RANDOM 81TS 3.50
The JOLT system .consists 01 :: set 01 modular mic·
rocomputer Iloar(!swllicllcan be used singly or tied to·
gelherto produce any desired microcomputer system con·
fiouraiion. The minimum system IS one CPU board. which JOLT SYSTEM DESCRIPTION JOLT RAM C~rd _ Fully static 4 ,096 bytes 01 RAM WIlli 1 microsecond access time and on·board decoding. Hard·
ware and assembly manuals include~. AVAILABLE FOR IMMEDIATE SHIPMENT. SI99.95 ki· $285 assem·
bled
JOLT Power Supply_Operates at +5, +12 and -10 voltages. Supports JOLT CPU. 4kbytts 01 RAM and JOLT IIOcard- or,CPUand81/0cards. Manuals included AVAILABLE fOR IMMEDIATE SHIPMEtIT. 599.95 kit. 5145 assembled.
JDLTAccessoIYBag-ContainsenouOhllardwaretocon·
nec!oneJOLTcardto~nother.Suchnecessaryitemsasllat cable. connectors. cord spat:es, hardware. etc. AVAILABLE FOR IMMEO!ATE SHIPMENT. $39.95.
. . .
alone conslilutes a viable compuler system complete with cenlral processor. 110, Interrupts. timer. fead.-write memo ory,andacompleteso!twaredebugnlonitorlnread·only·
memory.
JDLTI/O Card (Peripheral InlerlaceAdapler)-2PIALSI chips. 32 1/0 lines. lour interlupl lines. on·boarddecoding and standard TIL drive. Fully programmable. Manuals in·
cluded. AVAILABLE FOR IMMEOtATE SHIPMENT. $95.50 kil . . 5140 assembled.
JOLTUnlvenal Card _ 5amesile{4V.'·x ]".). sameton, laClor as other JOLT cards. Complclely hlank, drilled to acteptl4, 16.24 or40 pin sockets. Used for additional user memory or I/O control panels, TV interlaces.
keyboards. LEOs. or other interface logiC. AVAILABLE FOR IMMEDIATE SHIPt.'ENT. 524.95
JOLT"'5I1BooslerOpllon-FitsontoJOLTPowerSupply card. Supports CPU, 16kbytesoIRAM-or.CPUand8k Ilytes RAM and 8 I/O cards - or, CPU aml4k byles RAM and 16 I{O cards. Manuals included. AVAILABLE FOR 1M·
MEDIATE SHIPMENT. S24.95 64 KEY BOARD
. _
... --... ... -. Thcre h!gh Quality keyboards, which wCleoriginaltymade by a large compuler manulacturer .. Each keyboard has 64 keys. which arc brought OUI on llllencoded pins Till')' Ulll'lC magnp.!ie rced type SWitches. and are ncw inappearance. S29.95
HD0165 Keyboard Encoder ROM S7.95
COLOR
JE801 D~M
TheJESOlisathleeandonehal1digit.autopoJarity~.. digital votmeter. in a kit lorm. It lea1Ures sf\lera!
~J'" options nol available. in any commercial (!igital vol·
. ' tmeter.ltslowCos!lsperhapsthemostimportant fealure,whichisachieyedbyolferingitinak~form.
A kit allows the unit 10 be used by small OEM·s where cosl ellecliYeness is an imponant factor, and by the 1l0bbyist who has to be concerncd with cost.
The unit al;o lealures on card regulators. allowing it to be operatedotl a single plus and minus fifteen volt. unregulaled power ~upply. The unit has a small sizeo! three inches width. three and Ihree Quarters of an inch length, and one and a Quaner inch height
$39.95 Per Kit printed circuit board
T~l~'~O~~""iI~~?'O~h ~m'"
DO" /::t-=-:>
indespenslble In troubte shOOllng logIC lamllle; I ~
~;dS Dt~L~p~~~~ ~~~~'Y ~l1d~;i~~~ ~~r~c~:~~::· ~4 ~JIIIjIt~
test, drawing a scant 10 rnA max. It uses a MANJ readoullo indicate any 01 the following states by these symbols: (H)· I (LOW)· 0 (PULSE) - P. Th~
Probe c.1n dctect ~igtl!requencypulsest045MHz.
It can·t be used al MOS If\lels or circuit damag~
will result.
$9.95 Per Kit
prinled CiTCui! board
JE700
CLOCK Tt.eJE700isalowcost(!lgitalclock, but isa very high Quality unit. The unit fea·lures a simulated walnul case With di·
mensions 01 6·· x 2'/j·· x I·'. It utilizes a MAN72 highbrlghlness readou1. and the MM5314 clock chIp S19.95
These joysticks leaturetour lOOK potentiometers. Ihat vary fcsis·
tance proportional to the angle 01 the slick. Sturdy metal construction witn plastics components only at
•.•.. than2.5ceach.ltmeasures6· long
by 4·· wide. Designed sp!ciaUy to Breadooard Microprocessor Clr·
culls. $111.1&
PROTO IOARD 100 A low cost. big 10 Ie Cipaclty breadboard kit with all tile quaUtyol OT sockelS ~n(! the bestolthe Proto Boar(!serles ..• complete down 10 the last nut, boh and scrtw. tn·
cludes 2 OT·J5S Sockets: 10T·J5B Bus Strip: 25·wayblndlng posts: 4 rubbetlee\; screws, nuts, bolts: and euyassemblylnstruct1ons.
$II!.I!!
Bring IC leads Irom pc board 101 last signal Iraclng andlroubleshoot1ng.lnlectslgnals. Wire unused clrcultslnlotlOatds.Scopeprobesandlest)eads 10ckonloOyn.orlplnset(seeclrcle)forllands·olf \ lesllng. Plasllc construction ellmlnales 5prlng5.~ plvo!s.Non·corroslvenlckellsllvelcontactsfof, simultaneous low resislanC8 conn8ctlons.
pc.,., l~·pln Proto Clip, $4.!!O ...
PC·,I, 16·pln ProloClip. $4,111 II.
B YTE'S ITS
A 6800 CATERPILLAR PROGRAM In a previous BYTE, we published an article on how to use blinking lights as action peripherals. ("There's More To Blink-ing Lights Than Meets The Eye," page 52, January 1976.) In that article, the CATER-PI LLAR program was described for an 8008 computer architecture. Here is a 32 bit version of CATERPILLAR which runs in a 6800 system, with the following as-sumptions:
1. Memory address space locations hexa-decimal 00 to FF al'e implemented as random access memory.
1000 86 3F CATERPLR LOAA #$3F
1002 97 10 STAA RO
1004 7F 00 11 CLR R1
1007 7F 00 12 CLR R2
100A 7F 00 13 CLR R3
1000 00 SEC
100E CE 03 FF NEWMOVE LOX #$03FF
1011 09 WAITLOOP OEX
2. Memory address space locations hexa-decimal 014C to 014F are four display la tches of the type described in
"There's More To Blinking Lights Than Meets The Eye." 014C is the rightmost set of lamps, 014F the leftmost.
3. Memory address space locations greater than hexadecimal 1000 are implemented as random access pro-grammable memory.
Start the 32-bit 6800 CATERPJLLAR by branching to location 1000 after entering the program. Note that this routine is relocatable; this means that all branches are made using the relative addressing mode of the 6800, and the data is kept separate from the program in locations founrl in the first page of memory. Another subtle point is that the carry flag must be preserved within the main loop in order to maintain continu-ity. As written, the bug steadily moves from left to right in the display. As an exercise, try re-writing the program to cause the CATERPILl.AR to move in the opposite
direction. cth
initial pattern of the worm;
save the worm in RO;
clear rest of worm track found in the
working variables of program;
set carry (always have minimal worm);
set up time delay count;
delay loop sets speed of bug;
1012 26 FO BNE WAITLOOP if not ready then continue delay;
1014 76 00 13 ROR R3 this is a
1017 76 00 12 ROR R2 32 bit
lOlA 76 00 11 ROR Rl rotation through
1010 76 00 10 ROR RO the carry in work registers;
1020 96 10 LOAA RO fetch the right light pattern 1022 B7 01 4C STAA LAMPO and store it in rightmost output;
1025 96 11 LOAA R1 fetch right middle light pattern 1027 B7 01 40 STAA LAMPl and store it in right middle output;
102A 96 12 LOAA R2 fetch left middle light pattern 102C B7 01 4E STAA LAMP2 and store it in left middle output;
102F 96 13 LOAA R3 fetch leftmost light pattern
1031 B7 01 4F STAA LAMP3 and store it in leftmost output;
1034 20 08 BRA NEWMOVE continue indefinitely;
Symbol Table:
Data Locations
LAMPO 014C Rightmost
LAMPl 0140 Right middle display
LAMP2 014E Left middle lamps
LAMP3 014F Leftmost
RO 0010
Rl 0011 working RAM
R2 0012 registers
R3 0013
Program Locations
CATERPLR 1000 entry point of program NEWMOVE lOOt:: main loop return point WAITLOOP 1011 time delay wait return point
90
TOUCH TONE ENSEMBLE
12 Key pad (2.25" x 3") plus MC1441 OP Generator chips plus 1 MHZ
COMPUTER COMPONENTS
1 CM6l 00 12 bit micro processor chip recognizes PDP 8/E instruction set. CMOS construction-runs on micro amps.
crystal. I ncl udes spec for MC1441 0 with circuit diagrams.
TTE-0121 $18.45 1 CM 6100 $52.50
MLC400 Liquid Crystal Display for use with MC14440. Has 4 inch high ch aracters.
MLC400 $10.00
Specs $ .40
1 CM7045. Precision ti mer chi p for digital stop watch/cloc k/ti mer applications. On chip oscillator circuit. Stop watch can be standard, sequential, split or rally mode. 8 digit direct LE 0 drive output indicates 100ths of seconds to 24 hours. Needs onl y LE 0 array, crystal, switches and battery for operation.
lCM7045
UART-1013A w/specs $10.95,2/$19,95
MC14412 UNIVERSAL DATA MODEM CHIP.
Originate/answer, half/full duplex, sine wave out, Up to 600 BAUD,
MC14412 FL (4.75·15 Volts) $28.99
MC14412 VL (4.75·6 Volts) $21,74
Data $ .90
MC14411 Bit rate generator. Crystal oscillator circuit and dividers generate Hertz to 1,843 MHZ data rates.
AXIAL LEAD ELECTROL YTICS
500/.lF 25 V (Sprague) counter/decoder/driver. 7207 is oscillator/divider/controller.
1 CM 7207-7208 set
All orders postpaid - please add insurance. Minimum order
$5 US'/$15 foreign. Latest lists - 13 cent stamp.