Indirect effects
The indirect effects of auditing taxpayers
... With the aim to clarify a possible mechanism through which the indirect effects work and hence to inform any policy recommendations, we model tax compliance as a social norm and decompos[r] ...
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Bounds on direct and indirect effects under treatment/mediator endogeneity and outcome attrition
... which is agnostic about the dimension of unobserved confounders. See VanderWeele and Chiba (2014) and Vansteelandt and VanderWeele (2012) for further selection bias functions. As an alternative strategy, Albert and ...
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The Impact of ICT on Student Performance in Higher Education: Direct Effects, Indirect Effects and Organisational Change
... Starting from this point, the aims of this paper are two-fold: first, we summarise the main findings of this extensive literature and second, we give two complemen- tary explanations on the contradictory results. Our ...
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Aerosol indirect effects -general circulation model intercomparison and evaluation with satellite data
... fixed climatology of secondary organic aerosols from ter- pene emissions. All aerosol species exert a direct effect (and implicitly, a semi-direct effect) using prescribed size dis- tributions, refractive index and ...
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Investigating the direct and indirect effects of forest fragmentation on plant functional diversity
... and indirect effects of forest fragmentation for different facets of functional ...an indirect effect of matrix quality on functional evenness via its effect on increased fragment ...an ...
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Nonparametric estimation of natural direct and indirect effects based on inverse probability weighting
... the indirect effect operating through one or several mediators as well as the direct effect, net of ...total effects can in general not be disentangled by bluntly controlling for mediators, because this ...
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Modelling sea salt aerosol and its direct and indirect effects on climate
... 3 Model description In the current study, a developmental version of the CC- Cma 4th generation atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM4) (von Salzen et al., 2007 1 ; von Salzen et al. (2005)) is used to study direct ...
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The indirect effects of auditing taxpayers
... With the aim to clarify a possible mechanism through which the indirect effects work and hence to inform any policy recommendations, we model tax compliance as a social norm and decompos[r] ...
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Escargots cooked just right: telling apart the direct and indirect effects of heat waves in freashwater snails
... the indirect effect may indeed be regarded as small game : eggs and hatchlings were about 15 % smaller, an effect size pretty small compared to the mammoth direct positive effect of temperature on shell length ...
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Aerosol indirect effects in POLDER satellite data and the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique–Zoom (LMDZ) general circulation model
... aerosol indirect effect on a large ...aerosol indirect effect in our model, we find a much steeper slope than we do when including ...Anthropogenic effects; K EYWORDS : indirect ...
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Direct and Indirect Effects Based on Difference-in-Differences With an Application to Political Preferences Following the Vietnam Draft Lottery
... and indirect effects within strata, we find statistically significant positive direct effects on the probability to at least mildly prefer the Republi- can Party among compliers and never takers, but ...
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Direct and indirect effects of CO<sub>2</sub> increase on crop yield in West Africa
... Accepted author manuscript Link to publication record in Manchester Research Explorer Citation for published version (APA): Sultan, B., Parkes, B., & Gaetani, M. (2019). Direct and indirect effects of ...
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Direct and Indirect Effects based on Changes-in-Changes
... interaction effects between D and M such that the direct and indirect effects could be heterogeneous across values d = 1 and d = ...and indirect effects within specific ...
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Anti-Obesity Effect of Carotenoids: Direct Impact on Adipose Tissue and Adipose Tissue-Driven Indirect Effects
... reported effects inhibited adipocyte differentiation [ 89 ] by interfering with nuclear receptors such as RAR, RXR or ...anti-adipogenic effects via a down-regulation of adipogenic transcription factors ...
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Direct and indirect effects of FDI in emerging European markets : a survey and meta-analysis
... Self-selection bias or “cherry-picking” seems to be an even bigger problem than sample-selection. For example, foreign firms may target more efficient domestic firms or industries to enter, or the most efficient domestic ...
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Is Aid Unfriendly to Tax? African Evidence of Heterogeneous Direct and Indirect Effects
... Considering ICTD non-resource taxes, our results support the evidence that larger aid enhances the positive effects of trade openness and of the level of development but hampers that of i[r] ...
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Global modelling of direct and indirect effects of sea spray aerosol using a source function encapsulating wave state
... According to our simulations, PMOM decreased the mag- nitude of both the direct and indirect radiative effects of sea spray aerosol (Table 6, runs ossa-ref and ossa-salt). As de- scribed in Sect. 2.2, PMOM ...
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Direct and Indirect Effects of Index ETFs on Spot-Futures Pricing and Liquidity : Evidence from the CAC 40 Index
... This hypothesis based on the ETF-arbitrage-trading argument is commonly referred to as the arbitrage hypothesis in the literature and implies the following testable hypotheses: (a) ind[r] ...
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Modelling sea salt aerosol and its direct and indirect effects on climate
... 10 tion, respectively. The simulation using the CLK parameterization predicts a compar- atively smaller effective radius (Fig. 16 ). According to results shown in Figure 1 , the extinction coefficient decreases with ...
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Evaluation of the direct and indirect radiative and climate effects of aerosols over the western Arctic
... and indirect effects of ...two effects. Also, the indirect effect of ice clouds needs to be highlighted, especially during the cold ...climate effects of ice fog and diamond dust which ...
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