ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻟﺍ
ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﻲﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ
ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻟﺍﻭ
ﺔــﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗ ﻱﺭﻭــﺘﻨﻤ ﺔــﻌﻤﺎﺠ
ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺩﻟﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ
ﻜﻟﺍ ﻡﺴﻗ
ﻴ ﺀﺎﻴﻤ
ﺏﻴﺘﺭﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻗﺭ :
لﺴﻠﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻗﺭ :
ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ لﻴﻨﻟ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ﺓﺭﻜﺫﻤ
ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤ
ﺔﻴﻭﻀﻌﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺠﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﻌﺸ ﺔﻴ
ﺍﻭﻨﻋ ﺕﺤﺘ ﻥ
ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻭ لﺼﻓ
Ta T am ma ar ri i x x g ga a ll l l i i ca c a ( ( T T a a m m a a r r i i c c a a c c e e a a e e ) )
فﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ ﻞﺤﻔﻟ :
ﻰﻔﻄﺼﻣ
ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﺔﻨﺠﻟ :
د لﺎﻤﻛ ﻲﺑوﺮﺠﻣ . ﺔﻨﯿﻄﻨﺴﻗ يرﻮﺘﻨﻣ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺠﺑ ذﺎﺘﺳأ
ﺎــﺴﯿﺋر
د ﺢــــﻟﺎﺻ لﺎﻜﻋ . ﺔﻨﯿﻄﻨﺴﻗ يرﻮﺘﻨﻣ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺠﺑ ذﺎﺘﺳأ
ارﺮــــﻘﻣ
د ﺪﯿﻤﺤﻟا ﺪﺒﻋ رﺎﻄﻌﻠﺑ . ذﺎﺘﺳأ
ﺔﻨﯿﻄﻨﺴﻗ يرﻮﺘﻨﻣ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺠﺑ ﺎﻨﺤﺘﻤﻣ
د ﺪﯿﺷر راﻮﯿﻨﯿﻛ ﻦﺑ . ﺔﻨﯿﻄﻨﺴﻗ يرﻮﺘﻨﻣ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺠﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺤﻣ ذﺎﺘﺳأ
ﺎﻨﺤﺘﻤﻣ
2008
ﺀﺍﺪﻫﻹﺍ
ﺎﺠﻨﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﻘﻓﻭﻭ ﺎﻨﻨﺎﻋﺃ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ﷲ ﺩﻤﺤﻟﺍ ﺯ
ﺔﻟﺎﺴﺭﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ
ﻨﻻ ﻲﻤﻋﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺒﻜﻟﺍ لﻀﻔﻟﺍ ﺎﻤﻬﻟ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻥﻴﺫﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻤﻴﺭﻜﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺩﻟﺍﻭﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ لﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺀﺍﺩﻫﺈﺒ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﺃ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺯﺎﺠ
ﺔﻟﺎﺴﺭﻟﺍ .
ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﻲﺘﺍﻭﺨﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻠﻤﻋ ﻱﺩﻫﺍ ﺎﻤﻜ :
ﺡﺎﺒﺼ ، ﺓﺯﻴﻜﺭﻟﺍ ﺎﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﻥﻜ ﻲﺘﺍﻭﻠﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﺤﻭ ﺔﺒﻴﻫﻭ
ﺒﻋ ﺯﻴﺯﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻟﺎﺨ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻲﻟ ﻡﺌﺍﺩﻟﺍ ﺩﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺯﻜﺘﺭﺍ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺩ
ﻑﻗﻭ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ﺏﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻫﻭﻟﺍ
ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻤ ﻰﺘﺸ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻨﺩﻨﺎﺴﻭ ﻲﻌﻤ .
ﻟﺇ ﻡﻴﻟﻭ ﻰ ، ﺩﻴﺸﺭ ، ﻭﻨﺎﻜ ﻥﻴﺫﻟﺍ لﻴﺒﻨ ﻭ ﺩﻭﻌﺴﻤ ﺍ
ﺓﻭﺨﻹﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ .
ﺀﺍﺯﻋﻷﺍ ﺀﺎﻗﺩﺼﻷﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ :
ﻕﺍﺯﺭﻟﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ،
ﺢﻴﻟﺎﺼ ، ﺩﻴﻤﺤﻟﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ .
ﺱﻨﺎﺴﻴﻟ ﺔﻌﻓﺩ ﺎﺼﻭﺼﺨﻭ ﺕﻼﻴﻤﺯﻟﺍﻭ ﺀﻼﻤﺯﻟﺍ لﻜ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻌﻓﺩ ﻭ 2003
ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤ 2005 .
ﺕﺍﺮﻜﺸﺗ
ﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻥﺎﻨﺘﻤﻻﺍﻭ ﺭﻜﺸﻟﺍ لﻴﺯﺠﺒ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﺃ ﺫ
ﻋ ﻑﺭﺸﻤﻟﺍ لﻜ لﻼﺨ ﻲﻟ ﻪﺘﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻭ ﻪﺤﺌﺎﺼﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺢﻟﺎﺼ لﺎﻜ
ﺍﺫﻫ ﺯﺎﺠﻨﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ ﺠﻨﺃ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻟﺍ
ﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜ ﺭﺒﺨﻤﺒ ﺯ ﺀ
ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻴﻤﻜﻭﻴﺯﻴﻔﻟﺍ لﻴﻟﺎﺤﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ
ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺒﻟﺍﻭ –
ﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﻡﺴﻗ ﺀ
– ﺔﻨﻴﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗ ﻱﺭﻭﺘﻨﻤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ .
ﺔﻨﺠﻟ ﺔﺴﺎﺌﺭ ﻪﻟﻭﺒﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺎﻤﻜ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﺠﻤ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻙﻟﺫﻜ ﻱﺭﻜﺸﺒ ﻪﺠﻭﺘﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ
ﻪﺤﺌﺎﺼﻨ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺔ
ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻟﺍ . ﺔﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﺒ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﺭﺎﻁﻌﻠﺒ ﺩﻴﻤﺤﻟﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻱﺭﻜﺸ ﺹﻟﺎﺨ ﻪﺠﻭﺃﻭ ،
ﺩﻴﺸﺭ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍﻭ
ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﺠﻟ ﺔﻴﻭﻀﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﻡﻬﻟﻭﺒﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﺒ ﺭﻀﺎﺤﻤ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﺭﺍﻭﻴﻨﻴﻜ ﻥﺒ .
ﺭﺠ ﻡﻬﺴﺃﺭ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺭﺒﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺭﻜﺸﻟﺍ لﻴﺯﺠﺒ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺭﻀﺨﻟ ﻱ
، ﺔﻠﻴﻬﺴ ، ﺓﺎﺠﻨ
ﺔﻤﻴﻠﺴﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﻤ ﻭ
ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﻬﺤﺌﺎﺼﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ .
ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺭﻜﺸﻟﺎﺒ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺩﻤﺤﺍ ﻥﺒ
ﻑﻁﻘﺒ ﻡﺎﻗ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ﺽﺎﻴﺭ
ﺔﺴﻭﺭﺩﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺘﺒﻨﻟﺍ .
ﺜﺤﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻙﻟﺫﻜ ﻱﺭﻜﺸﺒ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺘ
ﺔﻴﻀﺍﺭ ﺭﺒﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻭ
سﺮﮭﻔﻟا :
ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻤﻟا ...
...
...
1
ﻊﺟاﺮﻤﻟا ...
...
...
3
ﻔﻟا لوﻷا ﻞﺼ ﺲﻨﺠﻟا ﺔﺳارد :
Tamarix .
1 ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ- ...
...
4
ﺲﻨﺠﻟا2 Tamarix ...
...
...
. 4
2 - تﺎﯿﻣﻮﻤﻋ1 ...
...
4
2 - ﻲﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟا ﻒﺻﻮﻟا2 ...
...
...
4
2 - ﺔﯿﺒﻄﻟا تﻻﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﻻا3 ...
...
5
2 - ا4 ىﺮﺧﻷا تﻻﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﻻ ...
...
5
3 ﺲﻨﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﯿﺋﺎﯿﻤﯿﻜﻟا ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا-
Tamarix .
...
...
...
..
. ..
6
-3 تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا1 ...
...
...
. ...
6
3 - ىﺮﺧﻻا تﺎﺒﻛﺮﻤﻟا2 ...
...
...
. 9
ﻊﺟاﺮﻤﻟا ...
...
...
10
ﻲﻧﺎﺜﻟا ﻞﺼﻔﻟا تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا :
.
1 ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ- ...
...
...
...
12
2 تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ- ...
...
....
...
12
3 تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا ﻒﯿﻨﺼﺗ- ...
...
...
12
4 تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻠﻟ يﻮﯿﺤﻟا عﺎﻨﻄﺻﻻا- ...
. ...
..
14
5 تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا صاﻮﺧ- ...
...
...
18
6 تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا صﻼﺨﺘﺳا- ...
...
...
...
18
7 تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻒﺸﻜﻟا- ...
...
...
19
8 تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا ﺔﯿﻘﻨﺗو ﻞﺼﻓ- ...
...
...
...
19
8 - قرﻮﻟا ﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻏﻮﺗﺎﻣوﺮﻛ1 ...
...
...
19
8 - اﺮﻏﻮﺗﺎﻣوﺮﻛ2 ﺎﯿﻓ
دﻮﻤﻌﻟا ...
...
...
. ....
20
9 تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا ﺮﯿﻀﺤﺗ قﺮﻃ- ...
...
...
. . ...
20
10 تﺎﺒﻨﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا رود- ...
...
...
21
11 تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻠﻟ ﺔﯿﺒﻄﻟا صاﻮﺨﻟا- ...
...
...
...
22
ﻊﺟاﺮﻤﻟا ...
...
...
23
ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟا ﻞﺼﻔﻟا تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻠﻟ ﺔﯾﻮﯿﻨﺒﻟا ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا :
.
1 ﻮﺗﺎﻣوﺮﻜﻟا صاﻮﺨﻟا- ﺔﯿﻓاﺮﻏ
...
...
...
25
1 - ﻲﻋﺎﻌﺸﺘﺳﻻا نﻮﻠﻟا1 ...
...
...
....
25
1 - سﺎﺒﺤﻧﻻا ﺖﺑﺎﺛ2 ...
...
...
26
2 ﺔﯿﺠﺴﻔﻨﺒﻟا قﻮﻓ ﺔﻌﺷﻷا ﺔﯿﻓﺎﯿﻄﻣ- ...
...
. ...
26
3 ﺔﻠﺘﻜﻟا ﺔﯿﻓﺎﯿﻄﻣ- ...
...
...
31
3 - ﻲﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟﻻا فﺬﻘﻟا ﺔﯿﻨﻘﺗ1 ...
...
...
...
31
3 - تارﺬﻟﺎﺑ ﻊﯾﺮﺴﻟا فﺬﻘﻟا ﺔﯿﻨﻘﺗ2 ...
...
...
31
3 - ياﺮﺒﺳوﺮﺘﻜﻟﻻا ﺔﯿﻨﻘﺗ3 ...
...
...
...
31
4 ﻲﺴﯿﻃﺎﻨﻐﻤﻟا يوﻮﻨﻟا ﻦﯿﻧﺮﻟا ﺔﯿﻓﺎﯿﻄﻣ- ...
...
...
34
ﻊﺟاﺮﻤﻟا ...
...
...
...
37
ﻊﺑاﺮﻟا ﻞﺼﻔﻟا تﺎﺒﻨﻟ ﺔﯿﺋﺎﯿﻤﯿﻜﻟا ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا :
Tamarix gallica .
1 ﺔﯿﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟا ةدﺎﻤﻟا- ...
...
...
...
38
2 ﻲﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟا ﻒﺻﻮﻟا- ...
...
...
38
3 ﻲﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟا ﻒﯿﻨﺼﺘﻟا ﻦﻤﺿ ﻊﺿﻮﻟا- ...
...
...
39
4 صﻼﺨﺘﺳﻻا ﺔﻘﯾﺮﻃ- ...
...
...
40
5 ﻤﻋ- ﺔﯿﻘﻨﺘﻟاو ﻞﺼﻔﻟا ﺔﯿﻠ ...
...
...
43
5 - ﻲﻓاﺮﻏﻮﺗﺎﻣوﺮﻜﻟا دﻮﻤﻌﻟا لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻦﯿﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟا تﺎﺒﻛﺮﻣ ﻞﺼﻓ1 ...
...
...
....
47
ﺲﻣﺎﺨﻟا ﻞﺼﻔﻟا ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻟاو ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟا :
1 ﺐﻛﺮﻤﻠﻟ يﻮﯿﻨﺒﻟا ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺘﻟا- P.25
...
50
1 ﺐﻛﺮﻤﻠﻟ يﻮﯿﻨﺒﻟا ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺘﻟا- P.27
...
...
57
1 ﺐﻛﺮﻤﻠﻟ يﻮﯿﻨﺒﻟا ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺘﻟا- P.AC
...
64
ﺔﻤﺗﺎﺨﻟا ...
...
. 70
ﺔﻣﺎﻋ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﻀﻋ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺌﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻱﻭﺘﺤﺘ ،
ﻱﻭﻨﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺽﻴﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ،
ﺕﺍﺫ
ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻴﻤﻜ ﻎﻴﺼﻭ ﺏﻴﻜﺍﺭﺘ .
ﺙﻴﺤ ﺕﺘﺒﺜﺃ ﺙﺎﺤﺒﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺠﻤﻟﺍ
ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻨﺍ 400000
ﺎﺒﻨ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻲﺘ ] [ 1
ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﺕﺴﺭﺩ -15
% 25 ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻜﺎﻤﺭﺎﻓ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻴﻤﻜﻭﺘﻴﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ]
[2 . ﻥﻤ لﻗﺍﻭ
%10 ﻥﻤ
ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﻀﻌﻟﺍ ]
[.3
ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺎﻴﻟﺎﺤ ﻑﺭﻋ ﺩﻘﻟ 100000
ﻱﻭﻨﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺽﻴﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻜﺭﻤ ،
ﻡﺎﺴﻗﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻤﺴﻘﻤ ﻲﻫﻭ
ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭ ] [:2,4
-
ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ .
- ﺔﻴﻟﻭﻨﻴﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ .
-
ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻭﻠﻘﻟﺍ .
ﺭﺎﻫﺯﺃ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺫﺠﻭ ﻥﺎﻘﻴﺴ ﻭ ﻕﺍﺭﻭﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﺃ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻱﻭﻨﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺽﻴﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤ ﺩﺠﺍﻭﺘﺘ ،
ﻥﻜﻟ
ﺎﻬﺒﻌﻠﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻟﺍ ﺏﺴﺤﻨﻭﻜﻴ ﺎﻬﻋﺯﻭﺘ .
ﺔﻔﻴﻌﻀ ﺯﻴﻜﺍﺭﺘﺒ ﺩﺠﺍﻭﺘﺘ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺇ
ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﺔﻤﺎﻬﻔﺌﺎﻅﻭ ﺏﻌﻠﺘ
، ﺕﺍﺭﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺩﻀ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻓﺩ ﺍﺭﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﺏﻌﻠﺘ ﻲﻬﻓ
، ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻴﺭﻴﺘﻜﺒﻟﺍ ،
ﻩﺩﻋﺎﺴﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ
ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺕﻻﺩﺎﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘﻭ ﻭﻤﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ]
[ 5 .
ﻴﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻑﺎﻨﺼﻷﺍ ﺭﺩﻘﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻑﻴﺜﻜﻟﺍ ﻲﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍﺎﻬﺌﺎﻁﻐﺒﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﺔ
ﺏ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻉﺯﻭﻤ ﻲﺘﺎﺒﻨ ﻑﻨﺼ3000
ﻭ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﺒﻨ ﺕﻼﺌﺎﻋ ﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﺭﺩﻘﺘ
ﺏ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﻑﺎﻨﺼﻷ
%15 ] [.6
ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻴﻤﻜﻭﺘﻴﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺝﺭﺩﻨﻴ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺎﻨﺜﺤﺒﻭ Tama rix gallica
ﺎﻓﺭﻁﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺀ
ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺸﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻑﺎﻨﺼﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ .
ﻲﻓ ﺯﺠﻨﻤﻟﺍ لﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻡﺴﻗ ﺩﻗﻭ
1
ﺅﺎﻴﺯﻴﻔﻟﺍ لﻴﻟﺎﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻴﻤﻜﻭﺘﻴﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺭﺒﺨﻤ لﻭﺼﻓ ﺱﻤﺨ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﺒ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺒﻟﺍﻭﺔﻴﺌﺎﻴﻤﻜ
ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﻋﺯﻭﻤ :
-
لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻟﺍ :
ﺱﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻨ Tamarix
ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻴﻤﻜﻭﺘﻴﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ .
-
ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻟﺍ لﺼﻔﻟﺍ :
ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻰﻟﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻨ .
-
ﺍ ﺙﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ لﺼﻔﻟ :
ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻭﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻨ .
-
ﻊﺒﺍﺭﻟﺍ لﺼﻔﻟﺍ :
ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ Tamarix gallica
.
-
ﺱﻤﺎﺨﻟﺍ لﺼﻔﻟﺍ :
ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ لﺼﺤﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ .
2
Bibliographie:
[1] Patrice Waridel., 2003 .Thèse de Doctorat, Université de Lausane.
[2] Pichersky, E., Gang, D.R., 2000.Tips 05 ,439-445.
[3] Gragg, G.M., Newwman, D.J., 2001.Pharmaceutical Biology, 39,8-17.
[4] Dave Oomah,B., 2003. Bulletin IBP,numéro 1,Canada.
[5] Alain-Michel Boudet., Bruno David.,2003. Hgrbiosiences 31, 1-6.
[6] Ozenda, P., 1977.Flore du Sahara, Ed.CNRS, Paris,France,250-259.
3
ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ
ﺲﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ Tamarix
ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ] 1 [ :
ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟا نﻮﻜﺘﺗ Tamaricaceae
ﻦﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺜﻛأ ﻢﻀﺗ سﺎﻨﺟأ4 عﻮﻧ110
:
-
Tamarix ﻦﻣ نﻮﻜﺘﯾ :
ﻦﯿﺼﻟا ﺔﯾﺎﻏ ﻰﻟإ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻤﻟا ﺮﺤﺒﻟا ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﯾ ﺎﻋﻮﻧ80 .
- Myricaria ﻦﻣ نﻮﻜﺘﯾ :
عاﻮﻧأ10 ، ﺔﯿﺑﺮﻐﻟا ﺎﺑورا ﻲﻓ هﺪﺟاﻮﺗ ﺮﺜﻜﯾ ،
ﻂﺳو ﺔﯾﺎﻏ ﻰﻟإ ﺪﺘﻤﯾ و
ﺎﯿﺳآ ، ﻰﻟإ ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ ﻦﯿﺼﻟا
-
Hololachna ﻦﯿﻋﻮﻧ ﻦﻣ نﻮﻜﺘﯾ :
، ﺎﯿﺳآ ﻂﺳو ﻲﻓ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﯾ ،
ﺎﮭﻗﺮﺷو .
-
Reaumaria نﻮﻜﺘﯾ :
ﻦﻣ ﺎﻋﻮﻧ 15
، ﻂﺳو ﻰﻟإ ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻤﻟا ﺮﺤﺒﻟا ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﯾ
ﺎﯿﺳآ
-2
ﺲﻨﺠﻟا Tamarix
.
2 - تﺎﯿﻣﻮﻤﻋ1 :
ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻟا ﻞﺻأ نإ ﻦﯾﺮﯿﺜﻜﻟا ﺮﺒﺘﻌﯾ )
Tamarix ﺮﮭﻧ ﻰﻟإ ﺐﺴﻨﯾ (
Tamariz ﺎﯿﻧﺎﺒﺳا ﻲﻓ
، وﺮﺧآ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﯾ ﺎﻤﻛ ن
نأ
ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻟا ﻞﺻأ ﺮﮭﻧ ﻢﺳا ﻦﻣ ﻖﺘﺸﻣ
Tamaro لﺎﺒﻨﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﻤﻟا
، ﺒﻟا ﺢﺟﺮﯾ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻘﺘﺸﻣ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻟا نأ ﺾﻌ
يدﻮﮭﯾ ﻢﺳﻻا Tamaruk
] 2 [ ﻦﯿﯿﻧﺎﻧﻮﯿﻟا فﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ مﺪﻘﻟا ﺬﻨﻣ ﺲﻨﺠﻟا اﺬھ فﺮﻋ .
، ﺾﻌﺑ ﻲﻓ ﺮﻛذ ﺚﯿﺣ
ﺲﻨﺠﻟا اﺬھ ﻦﻣ ﻦﯿﻋﻮﻧ ﻢﮭﺗﺎﻔﻟﺆﻣ )
T.gallica, T. orienalis ﺪﻨﻋ ﺎﻤﯾﺪﻗ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ ﺲﻨﺠﻟا اﺬھ فﺮﻋ ﺎﻤﻛ (
ذ ﺚﯿﺣ بﺮﻌﻟا ﻞﺛﻷا عﻮﻧ ﺮﻛ
) T.artuculata ا ناﺮﻘﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺎﺒﺳ ةرﻮﺳ ﻲﻓ(
ﻢﯾﺮﻜﻟ ] 3 [ .
2 - ﺲﻨﺠﻠﻟ ﻲﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟا ﻒﺻﻮﻟا2 Tamarix
ﺲﻨﺠﻟا اﺬھ تﺎﺗﺎﺒﻧ نإ
، ةﺮﯿﻐﺻ تاﺮﯿﺠﺷ ﻦﻋ ةرﺎﺒﻋ ﺮﻔﺘﻣ
ﺔﻋ ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ةﺮﯿﺜﻛ نﺎﺼﻏأ تاذ
، قاروأ و
ﺔﻔﯿﺜﻛ اﺮﻀﺧﻻا ﺔﻤﺋاد ر
ﯿﻔﺷﺮﺣ ﺔ ﻞﻜﺸﻟا ، ﺎﻣأ ﯿﻤﺘﺘﻓ رﺎھزﻷا ﺰ
ﮭﻤﺠﺣ ﺮﻐﺼﺑ ﺎ
ﻲھو ﺔﯾدرو ﺎﻣإ ﺔﻔﻠﺨﻣ ناﻮﻟأ تاذ
ءﺎﻀﯿﺑ وأ
، ﻲﮭﻓ رﺎﻤﺜﻟا ﺎﻣأ ﺒﻋ
ﻋ ةرﺎ ﻦ روﺬﺒﻟا ﺎﮭﻠﺧاﺪﺑ يﻮﺤﺗ ةﺮﯿﻐﺻ تﺎﺒﯿﻠﻋ ةﺎﻄﻐﻣ نﻮﻜﺗ ﺎھروﺪﺑ ﻲﺘﻟا
ﺔﻘﯿﻗد تاﺮﯿﻌﺸﺑ ،
ﺔﻓﺎﺠﻟا ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺲﻨﺠﻟا اﺬھ ﻮﻤﻨﯾ ،
ﺔﺤﻟﺎﻤﻟا ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﻲﻓو ]
4,5,6,7 [
.
4
– 2 ﻻﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﻻا3 ت
ﺲﻨﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﯿﺒﻄﻟا Tamarix
ﺲﻨﺠﻟا تﺎﺗﺎﺒﻧ ﺖﻠﻤﻌﺘﺳا Tamarix
ﻲﺒﻌﺸﻟا ﺐﻄﻟا ﻲﻓ مﺪﻘﻟا ﺬﻨﻣ ﻤﻟ اﺮﻈﻧ
ﺎ ﺑ ﺰﯿﻤﺘﯾ ﮫ صاﻮﺧ ﻦﻣ
، ﺚﯿﺣ
ﻰﻣاﺪﻘﻟا نﺎﻐﻓﻷا ﺎﮭﻠﻤﻌﺘﺳا ﺔﯾﺪﻠﺠﻟا تﺎﺣﺮﻘﺘﻟا ﺾﻌﺑ جﻼﻌﻟ ةدﺎﻤﻛ
، ﻌﺘﺳا ﺎﻤﻛ حاﺮﺠﻟا ﺪﯿﻤﻀﺘﻟ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ ﺖﻠﻤ
، و
ﺖﻠﻤﻌﺘﺳا اﺮﻈﻧ لﺎﮭﺳﻺﻟ تادﺎﻀﻤﻛ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ
ﺔﻀﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺎﮭﺻاﻮﺧ ﻰﻟإ )
astringentes (
] 3 [ .
جﻼﻌﻠﻟ ءﺎﻓﺮﻄﻟا تﺎﺒﻧ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ بﺮﻌﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا ﺎﻤﻛ
، ﺎھرﺎﻤﺛ ﺖﻠﻤﻌﺘﺳا ﺪﻘﻓ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗ ﺚﯿﺣ ﻢﻔﻟا و ﻦﯿﻌﻟا ﺔﯾودأ ﻲﻓ
ءﺎﺧﺮﺘﺳا ﻰﻠﻋ نﺎﻨﺳﻷا مﻻأ ﻦﻣ ﺪﺤﻟا و ﺔﺜﻠﻟا
، ﻚﻠﺗ ﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺎﮭﻔﯿﻔﺠﺘﻟ ﺔﺒﻃﺮﻟا حوﺮﻘﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳﺎﻓ دﺎﻣﺮﻟا ﺎﻣأ
رﺎﻨﻟﺎﺑ قﺮﺤﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟا
، ﺮﯿﺳاﻮﺒﻟا جﻼﻌﻟ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ ءﺎﻓﺮﻄﻟا ﺖﻠﻤﻌﺘﺳا ﺎﻤﻛ
، ﮫﺘﻗو ﺮﯿﻏ ﻲﻓ ﺚﻤﻄﻟا راﺪﺤﻧاو ،
مﺎﻛﺰﻟاو
، يرﺬﺠﻟاو
، لﺎﮭﺳﻹا و ]
8 [ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ . )
T.ramasissima (
] 9 و [ ) T.hispida (
] 10 ﺪﺴﻛﺄﺘﻠﻟ تادﺎﻀﻤﻛ [ ،
ﺎﯾﺮﯿﺘﻜﺒﻠﻟ تادﺎﻀﻣو .
تﺎﺗﺎﺒﻧ ﺖﻠﻤﻌﺘﺳا ﺎﻤﻛ ﺮﻄﯿﺒﻟا ﺐﻄﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺲﻨﺠﻟا اﺬھ
ي
، نﻮﯿﻟﺎﻄﯾﻻا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا ﺚﯿﺣ )
T.gallica جﻼﻌﻟ (
ﺎﮭﺒﺒﺴﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا تﺎﺑﺎﮭﺘﻟﻻا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻔﯿﻟﻷا تﺎﻧاﻮﯿﺤﻟا تﺎﻌﺴﻟ
تاﺮﺸﺤﻟا ﺾﻌﺑ ]
11 [ ا ﺎﻤﻛ . بﺮﺟ جﻼﻌﻟ ﺖﻠﻤﻌﺘﺳ
ﻞﺑﻹا ] -15 12 [ .
2 - ىﺮﺧﻷا تﻻﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﻻا4 .
ﺲﻨﺠﻟا اﺬھ تﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟ ﺔﯿﺒﻄﻟا ﺪﺋاﻮﻔﻟا ﻰﻟإ ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ
، ﺔﻀﻐﻟا نﺎﺼﻏﻷا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺘﻓ ةﺮﯿﺜﻛ ىﺮﺧأ ﺪﺋاﻮﻔﺑ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﺗ ﻲﮭﻓ
ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟ ﯾﺎﻤﺤﻟ لﻼﺴﻟا
ﺔ تاﺮﺸﺤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﯾﺬﻏﻷا
، دﻮﻠﺠﻟا ﺔﻏﺎﺒﺻ ﻲﻓ تﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟا هﺬھ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ
، سﺮﻐﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ
اﻮﻧﻷا ﺾﻌﺑ ع
ﻞﺜﻣ ) T.gallica , T.bacteriaca ﻲﻓ سﺮﻐﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺎﮭﺘﺳاﺪﻘﻟ اﺮﻈﻧ ءاﺪﮭﺸﻟا ﺔﺣﺮﺿأ مﺎﻣأ (
ﺔﻨﯾﺰﻠﻟ رﺎﺠﺷﺄﻛ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟا ﻦﻛﺎﻣﻷا ]
3 [ .
ﺔﺑﺮﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﯾﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﯾﺎﻤﺤﻠﻟ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ ،
و اﺪﺻﻮﻤﻛ ت
حﺎﯾﺮﻠﻟ ] 16 [ نﺎﻜﺴﻟا فﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ ﺖﻠﻤﻌﺘﺳا ﺎﻤﻛ .
ﺌﻓﺪﺘﻠﻟ ﺐﻄﺤﻟا لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻠﻟ رﺪﺼﻤﻛ ﺎﻜﯾﺮﻣﻷ ﻦﯿﯿﻠﺻﻷا ﺔ
] 17 [ .
5
-3
ﺲﻨﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﯿﺋﺎﻤﯿﻜﻟا ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا Tamarix
.
ﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﺒ ﻩﺎﻨﻐﺒ ﺱﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﻴ ﺕ
ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻓ ﻥﻤ ﻱﻭﻨﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺽﻴﻻﺍ
، ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺒﺭﺘ
، ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺭﺎﻤﻭﻜ
ﻙﻟﺫ ﺢﻀﻭﺘ ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺭﻏﻭﻴﻠﺒﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍﻭ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤ .
3 - ﺲﻨﺠﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا1 Tamarix
.
ﺎﺒﻛﺮﻤﻟﺎﺑ هﺎﻨﻐﺑ ﺲﻨﺠﻟا اﺬھ ﺰﯿﻤﺘﯾ ةاﺮﺠﻤﻟا ثﺎﺤﺑﻷاو تﺎﺳارﺪﻟا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ اﺬھ ﺢﻀﺘﯾو ﺔﯾﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا ت
لوﺪﺠﻟاو ﺲﻨﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟا عاﻮﻧﻷا ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﯾﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا تﺎﺒﻛﺮﻤﻟا عزﻮﺗ ﻦﯿﺒﯾ ﻢﻗر-1-
Tamarix :
6
لوﺪﺠﻟا - 1 ﻟا عزﻮﺗ: ﻔﻟا تﺎﺒﻛﺮﻤ عاﻮﻧﻻا ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﯾﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼ
ﺲﻨﺠﻟ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟا Tamarix
.
ﻊﺟاﺮﻤﻟا عﻮﻨﻟا
ﺐﻛﺮﻤﻟا
[18]
[18]
[18]
[19]
[19]
[19]
[20]
[19]
[19]
[19]
[21]
[20]
[22]
[23]
[23,24]
[24]
[25]
[25]
[25]
[26]
[27]
[24,27,28,29,25,30,31]
[32]
[32]
[22]
[22]
[22]
[22]
Tamarix gallica.
Tamarix africana.
Tamarix bobeana.
Tamarix elongata.
Tamarix hispida.
Tmarix ramasissima.
Tamarix laxa.
Tamarix elongata.
Tamarix hispida.
Tmarix ramasissima.
Tmarix dioica.
Tamarix laxa.
Tamarix laxa.
Tamarix elongata.
Tamarix elongata.
Tamarix nilotica.
Tamarix gallica.
Tamarix africana.
Tamarix bobeana Tamarix aphylla.
Tamarix aphylla.
Tamarix aphylla.
Tamarixramasissima.
Tamarix hokenakeri.
Tamarix elongata.
Tamarix laxa.
Tamarix elongata.
Tamarix laxa.
Tamarix elongata.
Tamarix laxa.
Tamarix elongata.
Tamarix laxa.
Tamarixetin-3-O-Sulfate.
Tamarixetin.
Tamarixetin-3-bisulfate
Tamarixetin-3-O-α-rhamnopyranoside Tamarixetin-3-O-α-L-arabinose.
Tamarixetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside.
Kaempferol-4’-methylether-sulfate
Rhamnetin 3-glucuronide-3,5,4’trisulfate Rhamnetin 3’-glucuronide-tri-bisulfate.
Rhamnetin 3’-glucuronide-3,5,4’trisulfate Kaempferol-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4’-methoxy Flavone.
7,3’,4’-trihydroxy-5-methoxy flavone
3,5,7-trihydroxy-3’,4’-dimethoxy flavone
Isorhamnetin-3-O-β- glucopyranoside
Isorhamnetin-7-O-sulfate
ﻊﺟاﺮﻤﻟا عﻮﻨﻟا
ﺐﻛﺮﻤﻟا
[19]
[33]
[33,19]
[33,19]
[19]
[19]
[19]
[21]
[32]
[19]
[19]
[19]
[23]
[23]
[34]
[24,27-31]
[24,27-31]
[24,27-31]
[24,27-31]
[24,27-31]
[24,27-31]
[21,24-29]
[25]
[25]
[32]
[32]
Tamarix hispida.
Tamarix aplexicaulis.
Tamarix hispida.
Tamarix aplexicaulis.
Tamarix elongata.
Tamarix hispida.
Tamarix ramasissima.
Tamarix dioica.
Tamarix hokenakeri.
Tamarix elongata.
Tamarix hispida.
Tamarix ramasissima
Tamarix elongata.
Tamarix elongata.
Tamarix dioica.
Tamarix dioica.
Tamarix dioica.
Tamarix dioica.
Tamarix dioica.
Tamarix dioica.
Tamarix dioica.
Tamarix dioica.
Tamarix aphylla.
Tamarix aphylla.
Tamarix aphylla.
Tamarix aphylla.
Tamarix aphylla.
Tamarix aphylla.
Tamarix nilotica.
Tamarix hokenakeri.
Tamarix ramasissima Tamarix hokenakeri.
Tamarix ramasissima.
Quercetin 3-O-sulfate
Quercetin 3-O- β- glucopyranoside
Quercetin
Isorhamnetin
Chrysoeriol Rhamnizin Tamaridone.
Tamadone.
Apegenin.
6,7,8,4' tetramethoxy-5hydroxy flavone.
6,7,8,3',4',5' hexamethoxy-5hydroxy flavone.
4',6,8 trimethoxy-5,7dihydroxy flavone.
6,7,8,4',5' pentamethoxy-3',5dihydroxy flavone.
4',6,7,8 tetramethoxy-5,5',3'tryhydroxy flavone.
7,4’-dimethyl kaempferol-3-sulfate.
Quercetin-3-isoferulglucuronide.
Rhamnocitrin3-glucoside.
Isoquerecitrin.
Tamarixin.
Taxifolin.
7,4’-dimethyl kaempferol-3- glucoside.
kaempferol
7-O-sinapoylkaempferide.
8
3 - ﺲﻨﺠﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ىﺮﺧﻷا تﺎﺒﻛﺮﻤﻟا2 Tamarix
.
ىﺮﺧا تﺎﺒﻛﺮﻤﺑ ﺎھﺎﻨﻐﺑ ﺲﻨﺠﻟا اﺬھ فﺎﻨﺻا ﺰﯿﻤﺘﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ لوﺪﺠﻟا .
- 2 :
لوﺪﺠﻟا - 2 ﺲﻨﺠﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ىﺮﺧﻻا تﺎﺒﻛﺮﻤﻟا : .
Tamarix
ﻊﺟاﺮﻤﻟا عﻮﻨﻟا
ﺐﻛﺮﻤﻟا
[35]
[35]
[35]
[36]
[36]
[36]
[37]
[37]
[38,39]
[40,41]
[40,41]
[38,39]
[40,41]
[40,41]
[38,39]
[42]
[42]
Tamarix aphylla Tamarix aphylla Tamarix aphylla Tamarix troupii.
Tamarix troupii.
Tamarix troupii.
T.chinensis.
T.chinensis.
T.hispida.
T.laxa.
T.elongata.
T.hispida.
T.laxa.
T.elongata.
T.hispida.
T.laxa.
T.elongata.
Triterpenes :
D-fridoolean-14-en-3-α-28diol.
D-fridoolean-14-en-β-diol.
28hydroxy- D-fridoolean-14-en-ß- hydroxy.
β-amyrin.
Ursulic acid.
Lupeol.
28-hydroxy-3-oxo-D-fridours-14ene.
3-β-28 dihydroxy-D-fridours-14ene.
3-α[“3, “4-dihydroxy-trans-cinnamoyl]-oxy-D- fridoolea-14-en-28-oic acid.
β-sitosterol.
3-α-hydroxytarxeran-14-en-28-oic acid
Methoxy-3-β-al-D-fridoolean-14en-28oate.
[32]
[32]
T. hokenakeri.,
T.ramasissima.
Phenolic acide :
p-coumaric.,gallic.,ellagic.,ferulic.,sinapic.,3-hydroxy- 5-methoxy benzoique.
[32]
[32]
T. hokenakeri.,
T.ramasissima.
Coumarins:
Coumarin,umbelliferone.
[32]
[32]
T. hokenakeri.,
T.ramasissima.
amino acide :
tryptophane.,cysteine.,threonine.,glutamique acide.,methionine.,asparagine.,glutamine.,argenine.
[32]
T. hokenakeri.,
T.ramasissima.
Carpohydrate:
Glucose.,arabinose.,xylose.,galactose.,saccharose.
9
Bibliographie :
[1] Gaussen, H., Leroy, J.F., Ozenda .P.,1982. Precise de botanique ( végetaux superieurs tome2) p292-293.
[2] Crins, W.J.,1989.The Tamaricaceae in the southeastern United States, Journal of the Arboretum 70,403-425.
Younnos, C., Soulimani, R., Seddiqi, N. , Baburi, O., Dicko, A.,2005.
] 3 [
Etude ethnobotanique et historique des tamaris et leurs usage actuels en Afghanistan.
Phytotherapie, 6,248-251.
[4] Aubréville. A.,1950. Flore forestière soudano-guinéenne. Éd Sociétéd,éditions géographique maritimes et coloniales, Paris.
[5] Bouloomoy, L.,1930. Flore du Liban, Éd. Vigot Frères, Paris.
[6] Rechniger, KH .,1964-.1977 Flora des Iranischen Hochlandes und derUmrahmenden Gebirge, Ed. Akademische Druk – u.Verlagsanstalt Graz.
[7] Wood, J.R.I.,1997. A handbook of the Yemen Flora, Ed. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew.
Ibn al-Baytâr.,1877-1883. Al-Jâmi ’al-Mufradât al-Adwîyah wal-Aghzîyah . ]
8 [
[9] Sultanova, N., Makhmoor, T., Abilov, Z.A., Parween, Z., Omurkamzinova, V.B., Atta-ur- rahman, Iqbal, A.M.,2001. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Tamarix ramosissima.
J. Ethnopharmacol. 78 (2–3), 201–205.
[10] Sultanova, N., Makhmoor, T., Yasin, A., Abilov, Z.A., Omurkamzinova, V.B., Atta-ur- Rahman, Choudhary, M.I., 2004. Isotamarixen – a new antioxidant and prolyl endopeptidase- inhibiting triterpenoid fromTamarix hispida. Planta Med. 70 (1), 65–67.
[11] Raimondo, F.M., Lentini, F.,1990. Indagini etnobotaniche in Sicilia, I., Le piante della flora locale nella tradizione popolare delle Madonie (Palermo)., Il Naturalista Siciliano 3/4, 77–99.
[12] Ozenda,P.,1958.Flore du Sahara septentrial et central.,p42.CNRS.Paris.
[13] Boulos,L.,1983.Medicinal plants of North Africa., Reference publication,Inc,Michigan.U.S.A.
[14] Al-Yahia,M.A.,Al-Meshal,I.A.,Mossa,G.S.,Al-Badr,A.A.and Tariq,M., 1990 K.A.C.S.T.Riyad 32.
[15] Murty,B.S.R.,Vasudevan,T.N.,Khorana,M.L.,1970.Indian.J.pharm,32(1),10.
[16] Baum, B.R.,1978. The genus Tamarix. The Israel Academy of sciences and humanities, Jerusalem, Israel. 209 p.
[17] Allred, K.,2002. Identification and taxonomy of Tamarix (Tamaricaceae) in New Mexico. Desert plants 18(2): 26-31.
[18]Harborne ,J.B.,1975. Phytochemistry 14, 1331.
[19]Sultanova,N.A.,Abilov,Zh.A.,Omurkamhzinova,V.B.and Chaudri,I.M.,2002.Khim.Prir.Soedin.,80.
[20]Utkin,L.M.,1966.Khim.Prir.Soedin.,2,162.
[21]Bahl,C.P.,Parthasarathy,M.R.,and Seshadri,T.R.,1967.India.J.Chem.5,171.
[22]Umbetova,A.K.,Chaudhary,M.I.,Sultanova,N.A.,Burasheva,G.CH.,Abilov,ZH.A.,2006.C hemistry of natural compounds,41,6.
[23] Umbetova,A.K.,Esirkegenova,Sh.Zh., Chaudhary,M.I., Omurkamhzinova,V.B.,and Abilov,ZH.A.,2004.Chemistry of natural compounds,40,3.
[24]Ishak,M.S.,El Sissi,H.I.,El Sherbieny,A.E.A.,Nawwar,M.A.M.,1972.Planta med.,21,374.
[25] El Ansari,M.A.,Nawwar,M.A.M., El Sherbieny,A.E.A., El Sissi,H.I.,1976.Phytochemistry 15,pp.231-232.
[26]Saleh,N.A.M.,El Sissi,H.I.,Nawwar,M.A.M.,1975.Phytochemistry,14.
[27] Saleh,N.A.M.,El Sissi,H.I.,Nawwar,M.A.M.,1975.Phytochemistry 14,312.
[28] Ishak,M.S.,El Sissi,H.I., Nawwar,M.A.M., El Sherbieny,A.E.A., 1972.Plantamed,21,246.
[29] Nawwar,M.A.M., El Sherbieny,A.E.A., El Ansari,M.A.,1975.Experientia 31,1118.
[30] Nawwar,M.A.M.,M.Sc.Thesis,Cairo,University.(1970).
[31] Nawwar,M.A.M.,1974.Ph.D. Thesis,Cairo,University.
[32]Bikbulatova,T.N.and Korul Kina.,2001.Chemistry of natural product.,37,3.
[33]Barakat,H.H.,1988.Nat.Prod.Sci,221.
[34] Virinder S.,Parmar.Kipral,S,Bisht.,Sunil,K.Sharma.,Rajni Jain.,Poonam
Taneja.,Suddham SingG.,Ole Simonsen and PerM ,Boll.,1966. Phytochemistry 36,2,pp507- 511
[35]Merfort,J., Buddrus,J.,Nawwar,A.M.,1992.Phytochemistry 11.403.
[36]Barmar,V.S.,Rathar,S.S.,Singh,S.A.,1985.Phytochemistry 4,871.
[37]Sharma,S.k., Barmar,V.S.,J.Sc.Ind.Res,57,873.(1998).
[38] Sultanova, N., Makhmoor, T.,Uasin,A., Abilov, Z.A., Omurkamzinova, V.B., Atta-ur- rahman,. Chaudhary,M.I.,2004.PlantaMed 70,65.
[39]Sultanova,N.A.,Abilov,Zh.A.,Shul’ts.E.E.,Omurkamhzinova.,2004.Khim.Prir.Soedin 16,3.
[40] Umbetova,A.K., Sultanova,N.A., Omurkamhzinova,V.B.,and Abilov,ZH.A.,Vestn.KAaz.Gos.2004.Univ.,Ser.Khim 2,163.
[41] Umbetova,A.K.,Esirkegenova,Sh.Zh., Chaudhary,M.I., Omurkamhzinova,V.B. and Abilov,ZH.A.,2004. Khim.Prir.Soedin,250.
[42] Umbetova,A.K.,Esirkegenova,Sh.Zh., Chaudhary,M.I., Sultanova,N.A.,Burasheva,G.Sh.
and Abilov,ZH.A.,2006.Chemistry of natural compounds 42,3.
11
ﻲﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ
ﺕﺍﺪﻴﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ
1 ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ - :
ﺔﯿﻟﻮﻨﯿﻔﻟا ﺔﯿﺻﺎﺨﻟﺎﺑ ﻒﺼﺘﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا تﺎﺒﻛﺮﻤﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ،
ﻦﻣ ﺔﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟا و تﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟا ﻞﻘﺣ ﻲﻓ اﺮﯿﺒﻛ اﺰﯿﺣ تﺎﺒﻨﻟا
ﺔﯿﻌﯿﺒﻄﻟا ، ﺎھدﺪﻋ ةﺮﺜﻜﻟ اﺮﻈﻧ ،
ﺎﮭﻟ ﺔﯿﺋﺎﻨﺒﻟا ﻞﻛﺎﯿﮭﻟا ﻦﯾﺎﺒﺘﻟ و ﻲﻓ ﻞﺧﺪﯾ ذا ءﺎﻨﺒﻟا ﺔﻄﯿﺴﺑ تﺎﺒﻛﺮﻤﻟا هﺬھ ﺾﻌﺑ .
ﻞﯿﺴﻛورﺪﯿھ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻤﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﺗ ةﺪﺣاو ﺔﯿﻨﯾﺰﻨﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﺣ ﺎﮭﺒﯿﻛﺮﺗ
، ﻞﯿﺴﻛﻮﺜﯿﻣوا
، ﺔﯿﻧﻮﺑﺮﻛورﺪﯿھ تﺎﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣوا .
ﯿﻌﯿﺒﻄﻟا تﺎﺒﻛﺮﻤﻟا هﺬھ ﻦﻣ ﺪﺟﻮﯾ ﻚﻟﺬﻛو ﺔﯿﻨﯾﺰﻨﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺜﻛا ﻰﻠﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﯾ ﺎﻣ ﺔﯿﻟﻮﻨﯿﻔﻟا ﺔ
، ﺮﺜﻛا ﺮﺒﺘﻌﺗ ﺚﯿﺣ
ﺔﻄﯿﺴﺒﻟا ﺔﯿﻟﻮﻨﯿﻔﻟا تﺎﺒﻛﺮﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺎﮭﺋﺎﻨﺑ ﻲﻓ اﺪﯿﻘﻌﺗ ارﺎﺸﺘﻧا ﺮﺜﻛﻻا ءﺎﻨﺒﻟا ةﺪﻘﻌﻤﻟا ﺔﯿﺗﻮﻨﯿﻔﻟا تﺎﺒﻛﺮﻤﻟا ﺮﺒﺘﻌﺗو .
لﺎﺜﻤﻟا ﻞﯿﺒﺳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﻛﺬﻧ تﺎﻛﺮﻤﻟا هﺬھ ﻦﻣو ﺔﻌﯿﺒﻄﻟا ﻲﻓ تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا :
، تﺎﻧﻮﺘﻧﺰﻟاو تﺎﻨﯾرﺎﻣﻮﻜﻟا .
2 تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓ ﻼﻔﻟا ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ - :
ﺒﺘﻌﺗ تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا نإ ـ
ﺔﯿﻟﻮﻨﯿﻔﻟا تﺎﺒﻛﺮﻤﻟا تﺎﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻢھأ ﻦﻣ ﺮ ﺎﻤﻛ .
ﺎﮭﻧأ ﻦﻣ ﺔﯿﻤھﻷا ﺎﻐﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻤﺴﻗ ﻞﺘﺤﺗ
تﺎﺒﻨﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﯾﻮﻧﺎﺜﻟا تﺎﻣﺰﯿﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﯿﻤﻟا ]
1 ﻦﻣ ﺮﺜﻛأ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﺳا ﺚﯿﺣ .[
عاﻮﻧأ ﻦﻣ يﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻓ ﺐﻛﺮﻣ 6400
تﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ]
2 ،[ ﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﺗ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺑاوذ تاﺪﯾزوﺮﯿﺗا ﻞﻜﺷ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﯿﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟا ﺔﯿﻠﺨﻟا ىﻮﺘ
ءﺎﻤﻟا
، ﺔﯿﻠﺨﻟا ﺔﻠﺼﯾﻮﺣ ﻲﻓ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺘﺘﻓ
، ﺔﯿﺒﻄﻗ ﺮﯿﻐﻟا تﺎﺒﯾﺬﻤﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﺑاوذ نﻮﻜﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا ﺎﻣأ ﻞﺜﻣ)
ﻞﯿﺴﻛﻮﺜﯿﻤﻟا ةﺪﯾﺪﻋ ﺔﯿﻠﺨﻟ ا مزﻼﺑﻮﺘﻠﯿﺳ ﻲﻓ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﺘﻓ (
] 3 تﺎﻧﻮﻜﯿﻠﺟا ﻞﻜﺷ ﻰﻠﻋ تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا دﻮﺟو ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻲﻓ .[
،
ﻰﻠﻋ ﻊﺿﻮﺘﺗ ﺎﮭﻧﺈﻓ ﺔﯿﺒﻠﯿﻓﻮﺒﯿﻟ ىﺮﺧﻷا ﻲھ ةزﺮﻔﻣ داﻮﻤﻟ ﺔﻣزﻼﻣ نﻮﻜﺗ ﺚﯿﺣ قاروﻷا ﺢﻄﺳ
، ﻩﺫﻫ ﻅﺤﻼﻨﻭ
ﺔﻓﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻪﺒﺸﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻟﺍ ]
[ 4 .
رﺎﻀﺨﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﺗ ،
ﮫﻛاﻮﻔﻟا
، روﺬﺒﻟا ، نﺎﻘﯿﺴﻟا ، يﺎﺸﻟا ﻰﻟإ ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ رﺎھزﻷا و ...
] 5 [ .
ﻺﻟ ﻲﻣﻮﯿﻟا ءاﺬﻐﻟا تﺎﻧﻮﻜﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻤﮭﻣ اﺰﯿﺣ ﻞﺘﺤﺗو ءاﺬﻐﻟا ﻲﻓ تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا ﺔﺒﺴﻧ نأ ﺔﯿﺋﺎﺼﺣإ ﺖﺘﺒﺛأ ﺚﯿﺣ نﺎﺴﻧ
ةﺪﺤﺘﻤﻟا تﺎﯾﻻﻮﻟا ﻲﻓ دﺮﻔﻠﻟ ﻲﻣﻮﯿﻟا ب رﺪﻘﺗ
ﻰﻟإ500 1000 mg ] 6 [ .
3 تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓ ﻼﻔﻟا ﻒﯿﻨﺼﺗ - :
ﻦﻣ نﻮﻜﻣ ﻲﻧﻮﺑﺮﻛ ﻞﻜﯿھ ﻰﻠﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﺗ تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا نإ ﻞﻜﺸﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻋزﻮﻣ نﻮﺑﺮﻛ ةرذ15
C6-C3-C6 .
وأ نﺎﻓﻼﻔﻟا ةاﻮﻧ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﺗ ﺚﯿﺣ pyrane
2phenyl benzo[Þ]
تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا ﺔﯿﺳﺎﺳﻷا ﺔﺒﯿﻛﺮﺘﻟا ،
نﻮﻜﺘﺗ ﻲھو
ﻦﯿﺘﯿﻧﺰﻨﺑ ﻦﯿﺘﻘﻠﺣ ﻦﻣ (A)
و ) B
،( ﻣ ﻦﯿﺘﻄﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻦ
ﺔﺴﻧﺎﺠﺘﻣ ﺮﯿﻏ ﺔﻘﻠﺣ لﻼﺧ ناﺮﯿﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﺣ )
ﻰﻤﺴﯾ ﺎﻣ وأ (
ﺔﻘﻠﺤﻟﺎﺑ ) C ( ] 7 [ ﯿﻧاﺮﯿﺒﻟا ﺔﻘﻠﺤﻟا ﺪﺴﻛﺄﺗ ﺔﺟرد ﻰﻠﻋ ادﺎﻤﺘﻋا . ﺔ
تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓ ﻼﻔﻟا مﺎﺴﻗأ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﺼﺤﻧ ]
9 [
ﻮھ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻞﻜﺸﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻦﯿﺒﻣ -
1 -
]
8 [ نﺎﻓﻼﻔﻟا ةاﻮﻧ flavan
.
ﻞﻜﺸﻟا 1 ﺔﯿﻧاﺮﯿﺒﻟا ﺔﻘﻠﺤﻟا ﺪﺴﻛﺄﺗ ﺔﺟرد ﺐﺴﺣ تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا مﺎﺴﻗأ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ : .
13
O
OH
catechins
O O
OH H
H O
OH
leucoanthocuanidin f lavanone
O O O
O O
OH OH
O
H
H
f lavanols f lavones anthocyanidins
O
OH
f lavonols increasing oxydation
f ig-1
4 يﻮﯿﺤﻟا عﺎﻨﻄﺻﻻا - تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻠﻟ
ﺮﯿﻈﻨﻟا لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا نإ
14C تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻠﻟ يﻮﯿﺤﻟا عﺎﻨﻄﺻﻻا صﻮﺼﺨﺑ ﺔﻤﮭﻣ ﻞﺋﻻد ﻰﻄﻋأ ﺖﻨﯿﺑ ﺚﯿﺣ.
ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ثﺎﺤﺑأ GRISEBACH
] 10 و [ DAVIS ]
11 لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺎﺑو ﺔﮭﺟ ﻦﻣ تﻼﺨﻟا ﻖﺘﺸﻣ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺎﺑ [
ضﺎﻤﺣأ :
Shikimique,Cinnamique ,Phénylalanine ب ﺔﻣﻮﺳﻮﻤﻟا
14C تﺎﺒﻧ ﻲﻓ ﻎﺒﺘﻟا :
، ﻟا ﺔﻈﻨﺤ
ءادﻮﺴﻟا
، ﺮﻤﺣﻷا ﺐﻧﺮﻜﻟا .
ﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا ﻞﻜﯿﮭﻟا نأ ي
ﻦﯿﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻦﯿﻘﯾﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ رﺪﺤﻨﯾ :
تﻼﺨﻟا ﻖﯾﺮﻃ . ﻚﯿﻤﯿﻜﺸﻟا ﺾﻤﺣ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ .
ﺮﻤﺣﻷا ﺐﻧﺮﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﻧ ﻲﻓ ﻦﯾﺪﯿﻨﯿﺴﻟا ﺐﻛﺮﻤﻟ يﻮﯿﺤﻟا عﺎﻨﻄﺻﻻا ﺔﺳارد ﺖﻨﯿﺑ ﺚﯿﺣ
، ﻦﯾﻮﻜﺗ ﻲﻓ تﻼﺨﻟا رود
ﺔﻘﻠﺤﻟا A ﺔﻘﻠﺤﻟا ﺎﻣأ . ﺮﮭﻇأ ﺪﻘﻓB
ت ثﺎﺤﺑأ Underhil ]
12 تﺎﺒﻧ ﻲﻓ ﻦﯿﺘﺳﺮﻜﻟا ﺐﻛﺮﻣ ﺮﺋﺎﺸﺑ ﻞﻀﻓأ نﺎﺑ[
ﺎﮭﺘﯿﻠﻀﻓأ ﺐﺴﺣ ﻲھ ءادﻮﺴﻟا ﺔﻄﻨﺤﻟا ﻚﯿﻤﯿﻜﺸﻟاﺔﻀﻤﺣ :
، ﻦﯿﻧﻻا ﻞﯿﻨﻓ ،
ﻚﯿﻣﺎﻨﯿﺴﻟا ﺾﻤﺣ
، ﺾﻤﺣ و
ﻦﯿﺘﻘﻠﺤﻟا مﺎﺤﺘﻟﺎﺑو ﻚﯾرﺎﻣﻮﻛارﺎﺑ و A
ﺔﯾﺰﻛﺮﻤﻟا ﺔﯿﻧاﺮﯿﺒﻟا ﺔﻘﻠﺤﻟا نﻮﻜﺘﺗB .
ﻮﻜﻟﺎﺸﻟا ةاﻮﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻗﻼﻄﻧا ﺔﯾﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا ﻞﻛﺎﯿﮭﻟا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟ يﻮﯿﺤﻟا عﺎﻨﻄﺻﻻا **
ن :
ىﺮﺧﻷا تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا ﻲﻗﺎﺑ عﺎﻨﻄﺻا قﻼﻄﻧا ﺔﻄﻘﻧ نﻮﻛﺎﺸﻟا ةاﻮﻧ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﺗ .
اﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا ﻦﯾﻮﻜﺘﻟ ﺔﯿﺳﺎﺳﻷا ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻤﻟا نإ ت
تﺎﺌﯾﺰﺟ ثﻼﺛ ﻒﺛﺎﻜﺗ ﺔﯿﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻋ ةرﺎﺒﻋ ﻲھ malonyl-CoA
ﺔﻔﯿﻇو ﻊﻣ ﺮﺘﺳا
Co-A مﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺑ وأ ﻚﯿﻣﺎﻨﯿﺳ ﻲﻠﯿﺴﻛورﺪﯿھ ﺾﻤﺣو
p-coumaryolCo-A ]
13 [ .
دﻮﺟو ﻲﻓ ﻢﺘﺗ ﺔﯿﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﻮھ ﺰﻔﺤﻣ ﻢﯾﺰﻧإ
chalcone synthase )
SHC ( ] 13 [ ] 14 ةرﺎﺒﻋ ﻮھ ﺞﺗﺎﻨﻟاو [
نﻮﻜﻟﺎﺷ ﻦﻋ ﻮھ ﺞﺗﺎﻨﻟا ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا ﻲﻓ .
4 ,2’ ,4’,6-’tétrahydroxychalcone ﺮﺒﺘﻌﯾ ﺮﯿﺧﻷا اﺪھ
تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ عﺎﻨﻄﺻﻻ قﻼﻄﻧا ﺔﻄﻘﻧ ،
ةﺰﻔﺤﻣ تﺎﻤﯾﺰﻧإ دﻮﺟﻮﺑ اﺪھو ﻂﻄﺨﻤﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺢﺿﻮﻣ ﻮھ ﺎﻤﻛ
ﻣ ﻞﻛ ﺺﺨﺗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟا ﻞﺣاﺮﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﺣﺮ
] 15 [ ] 16 [ تﺎﻧوروﻻا ﻰﻠﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ . )
Aurones ﻖﺘﺸﺗ ﺎﮭﻧﺈﻓ (
ﺰﻔﺤﻣ نوﺪﺑ ﻂﯿﺳﻮﻛ نﻮﻜﻟﺎﺸﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ نﻮﻧﺎﻓﻼﻔﻟا ﻞﺜﻤﯾ .
) Narigénine ﺚﯿﺣ ﺔﯾﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا عوﺮﻔﻟا ﻢھأ (
ﻮھ ﺰﻔﺤﻣ ﻢﯾﺰﻧإ دﻮﺟو ﻲﻓ ﻂﯿﺳﻮﻛ نﻮﻜﻟﺎﺸﻟا ةاﻮﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻗﻼﻄﻧا ﺔﯿﻏاﺮﻓ ﺮﯾﻮﺤﺗ ﺔﯿﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻣ ﺞﺘﻨﯾ Chalcone
isomérase ]
13
،[ ] 17 [ ﻦﻣ ﻞﯾرﻻا ﺔﺣازإ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﻣ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ةدﺎﻋإ ﻊﻣ نﻮﻧﺎﻓﻼﻔﻟا ةﺪﺴﻛأ نأ ﺎﻤﻛ . 2
- C
ﻰﻟا – 3 نﻮﻓﻼﻓوﺰﯾا ﻰﻟا يدﻮﯾ C )
génisteine ﻢﯾﺰﻧإ ﻞﻌﻔﺑ اﺪھو (
isoflavone synthase ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟا اﺪھو
تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻓوﺰﯾﻻا عﺎﻨﻄﺻﻻ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺗ لوأ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﯾ ]
18 ﻮھ نأ ﺚﯿﺣ [ 2-hydroxyisoflavone
ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻂﯿﺳﻮﻟا ﺐﻛﺮﻤﻟا ]
19 [ لﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻓورﺪﯿﮭﻟا ﻲﺋﺎﻨﺛ نﻮﻜﺘﯾ . (dihydroflavonol)
ةﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ
ﺔﯿﻠﻤﻌﺑ hydroxylation ﻢﯾﺰﻧإ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑﺰﻔﺤﺗ ﺔﯿﻠﻤﻌﻟا هﺬھ ﻊﺿﻮﻤﻟا ﻲﻓ نﻮﻧﺎﻓﻼﻔﻠﻟ
flavanone-3-
hydroxylase ]
20 [ ﺘﯾ يﺬﻟا ﺎﮭﻠﺜﻣأ ﻦﻣو تﻻﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا ﻞﯿﻜﺸﺘﻟ ﺔﯿﻄﺳو ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻤﻛ ﺮﯿﻀﺤﺗ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﯾ . ﮫﻨﯾﻮﻜﺗ ﻢ
ﯿﺑ ﺔﯿﺋﺎﻨﺛ ﺔﻄﺑار لﺎﺧدﺈﺑ ﻦ
C-3 و C-2 ﻢﯾﺰﻧإ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ هﺮﯿﻀﺤﺗ ﻢﺘﯾ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟا اﺬھ Flavonol synthase
] 13 [ ﻼﺜﻣ نﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا تﺎﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺾﺋﺎﻓ ﻰﻟإ يدﺆﯾ نﻮﻧﺎﻓﻼﻔﻠﻟ ﻦﯿﺑ ﺔﯿﺋﺎﻨﺛ ﺔﻄﺑار ﻞﯿﻜﺸﺗ . :
ﻦﯿﻨﯿﺠﯿﺑﻻا (apigénine)
ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ تﺎﻤﯾﺰﻧإ ﺐﺟﻮﺘﺴﯾ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟااﺪھ ﺰﯿﻔﺤﺘﻟ :
Flavone synthase ﻞﻛو .
ﻂﻄﺨﻤﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﯿﺒﻣ عﺎﻨﻄﺻﻻا ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ -
1 لوﺪﺠﻟاﺎﻣا - عﺎﻨﻄﺻﻻا ﺔﯿﻠﻤﻌﻟ ﺔﻣزﻼﻟا تﺎﻤﯾﺰﻧﻹا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻦﯿﺒﯿﻓ1
تاﺪﯿﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا يﻮﯿﺤﻟا .
15
