r~urr~ents fO;

:". "

"

.'.j

....-

:'~'"-,

Stud1e:....inpart1~t'ulf illJi.ent:'ot''the' . ',

r~urr~ents fO;

^the

'd~9~~e ~_~

^,A_·'.

~.t!rof'Edu'cation .':;-:.. ' -:... .,...

",~",

.

. Di~11iionot-:i.earninqResource• . .'..racui~yof:E~~eat1on". ''..'

". .~ ~. "

.

Melll.or~.il.l u~ive~.ityof Newfoundland,.

.".~ ^{", ',} J~f>9~~ ^{.:'.' ..}

: ^-/

;~~;~~,.

/

';-..'

'.

"~~.,,.

- I

~'

i I

," -

, -

i i,

,-

,

^,

,=

.:~.

,, '

ABSTRAC'l'

', ;f

!

... .

'::;

.

^~".

:.~-

...

~-

_ , " __, .' , l• • .

'l'h~,p~rpoae.ot'·this's'cudy vas..tode ve l op"9uidelinu

;,f or SP~Ci .t; iCinst::r·uctiorial..strategies arid ta cH e s to."

.~- '. '

,. . , .

'" ' .

'.. .. .

~e"us e_d by in 8 'c r ~ct ors'at ~t. Clare '8 Mercy Bospi.t~

"si::h~oi ' ~f " Nurlling

^{to aid}

i~'

^the

improv~"rit of " ~iaS8i~m '

,j-c-'-':'>,~L ih.tr::;,i::~eratur~ on ^change ,in mining a nd , in nursing

e~uca ti;on indi,c.:h~.that nU~8ing.,~t::~~enf8;have'an'eve r ":.' ..s.

'.increasing body of knowledge'toac q U!-re andthat nursing .j

educatl~n

^must

'Ch~~; ~,;) ~.',~~'~i.

^tbe

deman~6 '~t~!lOCi ~'

^{. ',.}

"are.e~feCUVei,me a ns

. , ot.

'pro~iFng nu~¥n9;s tud<ent s· ....ith~f.:;"..~ the kno ....l~dge and skUIs tbey··re quir e.are.constantly ' .

<:i--

being

S~u9ht. .;':"

^.

'~l

.An.e valua t i onof·t h e·i'n8'cructional'setting~nd' .' j•

. . 'j'" • .• :

.~~t~nginstrucUonal pract1~eaat the ac:bool of Nurainq

",as'cond uct e d as

an

inlt.i~i-iste~. .r e vas"antici pa t ed that th is evaiua'tionvoul d prOV1'd~'useful'info r1llation on.."'hlch-ec.base

deei ~lons ':5~9arcUnq'

^t6e

p08~ible,

^need

i.or imp ro v ement in

in.truc~:!~n~

procedures.

Natur~liat1c ~,tti~~s

^of Inquiry wer e

em~i~yed wi~

mult11?lesour'c~!u8~dto obtain:infOrmation~ Datagather ed thro~9b^claasroom~b8.'};.•io~a:.^{:s truc turedand}un~.tr·u.~t.ured inter'v i ews, pre v 1e .w,·'Qf med ia, and record'a n.d documen t

, . . " ! .:~ ;;/

..;... ..

•

j .I..

1,

1

•... 1

.} \~ _{.~,~ 1}

.~

.

be conducted.

... ., " .J . . .. . . . ... '.'. '.,.. . . ' . . 1 :; · ~7.~~.;

analysis..i~i:c~ted t~at.7,h,~'.n~e r a~~:Vll~~ie~yf.f;'~_:~,S ~J:_U.C"':0~

t.~,on~l'.t ~C.~liiq~e.~ ~m~~o!~~,~~eJ;~"limi t~d a~~-~hat-~~ere ..,tre.·,iJnPl~/~~.t.ion.8.for" .t~~ .useOf,.,"ddi~O~~l.__st~ateql~S ~' Th i s suggested that.ar,sviewof-r e lat e dliterature,8hO~ld

",: , .:• .," ,' . '" _. ".d.·...·..

The].iter,~t~reenlarg~:97 ou~,inatruct ionaltechni~~e~~

': ..

~UCh as~ ~h~. l~c~uce "dll~cu~.si on ~ . ~)c~ur e:'dis~us~i O·~·;~.l~.",

^..

~,.,

and'~,~io~str~_ti,on8l~nd on the " " ~f computer-assJ,sted,, ''"'.,.;~tf·

ins~ru.ction 1'nl].ur8'1n9~educa tien.-c9nfi ~Jl!.ed,.'IInee~.;.o r

s.peci~ic ·g·Uldelin~'S f~~ lnstruct:io~~."

^{c\a;r t's}

w~re.' p'r'~pared

,~:'~'n ~~'e.,ra~iQnale",tJ.:,hir:d'the,use",Of sp~~ifics~r'~te9,~~SI,

.and

ion.

the,~rocedure8",t~ be f,ollowed. ,Guide l i n e s,were, dev,~lop'~d'for tactics to'beemploye~•

. .~eC(II;;,ni~ri.q.~:tiOnB'~avebeenm~defb,r theimpleme~t'ai:~on

"

'~f ,the'9'Uidei in~s ,: '-1.~d~,for the,p~ ovi~ ~,on of t r~lniJ;lg

,~

\.

,

~ "":'>,"., ,/n, , :instr U~!i on~l' tech~iqUeS~ I~'

^{ci s}

~l SO ,re~~~mended '

' -~~,tha ~t p'os~ibl.e ~mp,rove~~~,~s '

^irl,

th~, .i~S,~,~ucti ~~al "s~,tt~ng' :

^..

'," ;/ ',~~_he,.:Jm~em~nt.a.U0¥f">Lco~PUt.8:~8:dJns.t.r:UfJ,=".'~'~~--,-i~

,'~l.,'-be investigated. ' - - - --

"-

/

.. l

~."

..

':.,\..."

-:

ACltNCWr.f:oGEMENTS

"~

.:

i, " r w is. to .~;r~,.~.PP<eCb~~.0,.~ :P' ';OP1.' ?

.~ ~O.,b.ne prOYide~~~ u.'Ppo rt ~dencour~(elll.nt ~~OU9b~~~

~is

^{s\,Udy .'", "-: .' . ." '.}

.~. ~-..

^{. .}

...; .Tol:~. Ma~~~e":~~~,, 8upeV;~~r, f~r.be~.,a~8i~~~_nce..

an d.p~r&ever an.~~,' ,~hrOUgb._r.ead~.ng .~~:et:1~ad~~~,^and f:~_~

.. . ,: ..

her unfa,l.ling patience and construct:lve,;'<J:8c ommendatiqns , . .X:

~ 7r_~_y ·9r:a~ef.~'·~ ~ "'~::~

^{, .. "' ; ,"}

;1. ~··

^{". "\:. ,. .}

,.;~~ .

^'.

':' : > .

..1dab toaCknOV1.~d~e'rtheassis~~anc.~\~~,,.r\~:JJ.at~e~.l~~~.\.^{'.. ;} .

~a~ey,·. ~)i ~.cto·r

^{of St •.Clarela Mer..c.y}

·~o~~\U~ SfbO~~. ·.', ; ':~~ '

^.

, ' ~ ^",'

;.

? f

.Nur.8 ~ng.,f,!,r::.b~r coop'l!I.ia ~~on in;fa~ i.n:?j...re~o~dian~'..~:• documents availableand for~akln..9 ti me tb""disc us s the ":{/'"

progrQlwith-me . '.'rho.oks go.

a~so

^{/to fbe·}Inst r ucho r s· '.-': .

- . - "- , -

'..;

_· . _::;S~::i¥~ r;.l ~·.d· "dt~" ' the

^edi-{j'nq

i~~~:tft~:j a~~~ 'proVi~;~ inv'~~~bl~' advi'e~:.:I:I,,\: \~ .0 : . 1 jj ..,/¥~J. ·

)C'- :;dth ~i:c;:::::::::nt,;'o:nd, t . o "!t~ 7 Norr.io ~t'r~ ^{• •} ~i~~n;\'~ :. " v i,

'Appre cia ti on is

~xptesse~

^to'

M~m~r:iai

univ e rsity',

'\.~ ~ . ~

^.

., . ' . . '. " . " ·1"-.',"I' : .', '.' :

...,;or,: .financi,a~ aup~·~ t re~~1ve~ "'hi C~,:.:~it.ate~tm:~:'.

, ;, ,' ,. '

lpurs1:1...itof.grad uateatudl~~•. ", " .,~.". ,~...,\~;.,; -~ ':,

'Ii., ';".• .,'••~

.;.;. i.

.... .:.;'. . .. ':.::r."

:. )

. .

^{' ",}

^..

-~.,;--.,,----,-"'-"---~~~--~- -- ---~---

..

...

-

"..:.

, --

·

^;','.

".~'

. . . .

...;.: it,.at1bna1,,:f~r·'·tb•.:o8e··.0t:_~!.. ,':~~. -.;

De~C!nstra..t:lons,.",'.:',-:",~-~'::;.'.•.'•.~.1S.fiII·'. ^....,;.,..t.

"

..

^"'."

:'~"';';""--'--":';"':"""

xU'

. . ^,

.Paqe

..

;'

\

^..;'

^...

1-

i-

.. i

- - --t

, I

. :1 , .1

'. ,_.~'",'l'.: . .st~dy.•,:

'.outlines the·lim;.ttations~^and,signiticance

? f

~he^{;"st UdY,,",.}

-.

~n;~ :.~~n~f~des ~:i~~ .... ~

"

·d~scr..ipt'ion

'.~ .' ^{' . ',}

-.;

^{of the}. ^{de Signof}

-t~I!

^..

.The'pu~·p:o'ae-of.'t his

' seudY,.

i~~t.he·"d eve l o pme n t of'. .:'-,

_9Ui:d~' i in'es.- f O; ·'.i·n';~i:c~i~n~l' ~,trat~'9~es

^:and

ta ~tic;s

.':Whi,~h '~l~h~" b'e'

^{'i mpl emen t e ci,}

"'lt~ the" ~im

^of

improvln~

.

~':t.~~'~·~·o-~m

^-

~~:~~-ruc~~on :' a~

^{'S't .-.}

~~-are

^{IS. '}

M'er~y" B~s~~t'~l

^..

,~ ~' :

,.·'.SC~~Ol···Of Nur~irig ~-

., . ' .

",'

:: Thi~\ ,cha~t~r,. descriti;~· ·~~e ,'baCkgrOU~d o·~._

^{the"',s't'Udy,}

",p~~8e~t8_~~~e

's t a t e me nt Of..-t h e

prOb~~~, de.f~ne;' -~.he. ^,ferma,

.Back9k~~d'~o· .^the's'tuCiy

'.:,;:

~

^{:,'M4 0Y:}

'Chang~8. a:ris"~l:l~i~~ ,:~~ace ·'In· .~ul:~iQ9 ~ducati-on

'*> wk~',~k" cci~i~.i~~ :p'''t.rn ^•. :ii.rdi'CiPlin'ri·.p~r~' ';;h'' ·

~o ~'·~o~j~.c~~·~~~t •. ~, ' C,9~f~~~" ~~d l>h,~, ~ ,~~.~~o~s. ·of.·:~e~~hi~.~

an~ learnin9~~ ' ~~~n~i~9', ~Oci~tAl' ·,.n~. :he8.~th ca~.e~ ~r~~ds':

..,: " - .,.' .,...-.;:.... ' . ':!', ' , :, ...,.... ... '

,.':~nd ad~,ance~,~:~~:'~~~~~n~e

r:

^~edicin1l'bal~e.~;oa;used::.~~;:.s:~n~

~~d:,r gO'oha-':lg~s~ .•Nu~s.esjbust .a!l.~.~e.a·b.r 9a:~~:'

.;

""

o

~ ,' I

^,

,~ange,.?f resp.o.!JSlbl1_it,~~S t,b:~ri""in th~ past.an~ "ust .have a,Dever--lner.easing bQdy, _of knowled9~ (B~idge ~~.en , 1965). ,~· Th ~focus'for suc ce s sful s,tude nt acbieveme nt ,',I ba s ] si ow;'y~spi f.t e a-'from-,°a cl e a r emp~asl,! on'ma n ual

.,"

...

/ '- . -. -

per~or manc.e't o bJ;.0ade-rapplicati?D.of cogo.itive,skills · .(-Swe e ney,Hedstr'~m;,'^o'Malley,UB~,

p.

5)'.

•• • •-;: . '~0 ' ,,~.• '. • ' •

..~,..

,

i

)

•,\i'u r a i n g &t~delits••.h'ave",.ovl!!it th~'past

21J

,y e a r s ,.be en exposed toA.Jlrogresaiveincrease

Qf-.;~tedhn9109ical·da~a'reJ.ated_tomC?re\r e fi ne d"

J?At j,en t care,.tec h n i q ue s..,T~ey no... have mor e

~:~~~~[~itin~ ~~r; p~~;~~tt~a~: _ ~~s~:r~~~~~~;.

II grellter'ibstraction(orknowing,andarequi r e-"

m.ent-e c.ce'ee for~ t~.p a t ien t'.AB a hol: ist~p

.~e ing:. (J.e9lin-,M~n"!\1.~82^{c. .}P' 3D) "~~""

Many

pr~;bl~~~

^and.

Chal1ehge~'

^{'f aQe'}

'nurai~~

)_~:~ .Th~·cont,J..nu.~li~OWledgeexplos"ia:h"\makuco~n;taritre'~'lsi'pn

'~"-_'Of

_a~d:'...:,

.

^H

.

,r e l eva nt^'e

.

^'

nui.~'~n9·:_cur'ri~Ulum nece~s-ary

^"" -k,,-owle~ge'~a~^{' . ' .},~,e.^' i~~a ~ted,^'. t~^snur si ng^o

th~t

,stude.~.~s.

reUilbl~

^{',, '}

Tb;

m~k~·up.

^of

c~'a~se/i~'cbe-C6~ing

In;reasing iy'd i ve i s.9''-

~~: ' as tiiore~'m~t~e -st~~~tlil ,.ari~ · _increa~ing ·n Umbers o~ '~i~

~ "st uden tS,'e nter'DurS1Jig'.r( SCh 0 6 I cra f t ,.Delaney, i982).

.:\-Th'e;e . ,

.~~ Jlhcreas~~~ nee~'

^{fo r}

,:nu~~es

^to

b'~c~me c.omp~ter

,, / ._.. . . . 'c',- "'-. .,of','" ,oJ:" . ., .'-I " ."

.~lit,~,rate.-~s,h'? Pi ta~~·be,s:ome

"?'" ..

rh~ ~ (Basset t, '19 B4'" ~CA~i~_t'e,r ,.c,ovve y,:19-83 ),' T~e Ca na d i a n Nurses .<;:"~~SO,6~~:tl;~~'(CNA~~~meDda tioon , ^{·that by,tche ye ar'}

.,2 9 9m,'"t h ~,.mi olimal edu cational requireme nt fo r ent.ry

·,;i, / ' .,

into-th'e

·pr ac.~i'ce

^.?f

:ftiiis i:n9~,::Shol;i~--beo~t;be..os l.lccessfui~

,1 .: < ^{c • "cc ,' "} _{" > '~ .}

J ^r-.

-,c0.mPletil;m

o~

^-e

b~~calaurea~ ~degr ee

ⁱⁿ

nur~in9,~ ~Can~dhn

Nur.s~·s Associatr,on [eNA],.19.8'4, p. 1.), hAS affected

\ both theenro1~en"ts'an~"thecJurtir'f-arplanning~fhos p i t a l :-,

\ bas8.d :8c h 0 01 8 of'nursing. ,~vAnces in't e c h nol ogy ar e

\tording nuuing'e 13 uc a t o r s to 10011;:at e13ucationandto

\ii nd

~hOS:

^{methods of} in s t n c t ion th: t. i 1 , most sffici.nUt and et'fectively pro~ideprpfession,al nurseswith the .:...

;)(~~le~ge

^{beaee !lnd}

'expeiienc~'

^{'t h'e y}

' ~~uire.,

^{." ;'}

. The"

Di~actor

^and"

l~~tructors

ot'St . Qare ' !l Mercy\

. '" , " ,' . "", ' '" e,. ' I .

Bospital ScbOO,~.-of:~;ur,sih9,:,a.re" awareof:t~ech~nge~,::-'.

•

i~

the nti$; ng·.,prOfeasionand'of'"t hei r

;~~ent.ia1: ':imp~~t

^..

~

enthe sC,hool.ot.

'Nu·l·~fng,,?r~ram:~~ The'~:~se~~che~:

^{was i}

charged'w i t_, b the','re8POti~lbility' ' . ,.~~f ev~uatin9' ^current instruction, its'techniques and strategies, w!tb a vi ew

t~a~d i~~ov~n~'-

^the:

1~A~ity

^of

i~stt:uc~~on .~n t'~e ;

^School

atNursing. ~ .. . .

St: Clare's K'ereySo s p it a l School ot Nursing "has

..._. , " I, ' ·. ,..~~:'. . "

:-etAined os two plus one year diploma·p J;:0g r llJD. . Students

~'r ecie ive twoyears ~f'theory'And 8~pervl~ed"clJ.nical

- .

experience:,Thisisfollowed by one ye a rof'n u r s e.'.in t e rn- shi p. :Th e- scbool'

..

curric ulUJll^,', ha'l^' b~en^. rf!viaed periodically^. s~:nce tbe ~~hOOl,

rS. ..

^founded,.i n 193'.9to,r.~fl e c t t he lat.~st·educatiO~~;.:a~~roa~he.8•. Beg~nni ng in ~e~tember.

~ ~~~2al!.f.0 g u mw~s,impl .emented,wJ;1i e b reflects,,:co~.~eptUa1

\

J _i

-I

J f 1

I I

!'

'.'~

i ..;,'"is one means

by: '~h'ich

a 'profession',fu l f i llsits rresponsi-

I .

^{°-:' .}

bl~itY " t~'

^{sCNiety .}

A!=creditati~n

^of

sChO~l-S'

^{'of nursing}

,ha s

·~o~

^{yet,'b e e n}

'impl~'mented

ⁱⁿ

Canada ~ b~<?;';ever, ' ~he

A8S0Ci~t10nof,Registered Nurses of Newf'C)l,mdl and (AIUrn)

-, .".<,' ." '. , ~,o

plans..to initiate a system,'of .approv~.f o r schools of nu rs i nq'wi t hin it~.ju ri s d i c t i on . Acc::reditai'f dI; iS,a

VOl u:~ta;y

^prl:?ce!J8 instituted by an,'ext e rna;'agency....

whereas appro.v·al/{ s a compul l;lp r y'process iIst i tuted;

by a"gOVe r ni ngbodYl This forthcoming apprO/ a !is

for~i~9 ~

the staff. 0:school eof ..

u~sin9

to:xs mine thei r,

:jecti~~S~;_

,

,- \

"

...

.

~.'"~~";,,'l':~'''\''

f! t'

"

: ' !

i

!

ap~r'oach

^and

dimi~~te8' r~petitiOn ^of cour~es-(st. a~re l s

Mercy.~OSP1tal^{.scboo! 0: Nui:slnq;} l~82 l.

v.With:!n,thOe conceP.tual fr~~ork ,'nQrsin~ ~.s ~efined as an i"ntrinsic,~~ rt o~,:,:.-t:.he·man-- en~ lr.onment.~Jl.l:eraction :

DisrUPt10n~ "

ⁱⁿ he lli t h are

exPl~ l:~d'

^through

the biOPhYSiCa~oncePtsof ce'llular qrowt h

.'and proliferatio , infl ama tion and,immuni ty ,

f.l-tiids and electrlyte')dy n a mi cs , metabolism, .oxygenationan~perceptio.Ql and co-ordination•.••

Tht~)llghoutthe programpsyCbo-socialoandcul tura!

factors that affect the,h uman- envi r o nm~n t interaction in.e b e:presence of pa t h olo gi e s' are examined. Current res e a rch , an essential component of,nur sing knowJ..edqe, is incorpora'ted

~;: ;y ~.t~c:u~~~~ ~~~o;~~u~~i~g, 'l(~~~ ~:~;;:

^{s· ·_"}

- ; ...,...

statemd"nt of the problem"

, . ^..

.../

^{. . ..; .}

..., .

-Con t r ol'of:theeducational prepara.ti on.of its,membe rs'

i _j

J ,

"I'

<,

-:

,.!., -.

,

^~

c du r ri c ul ll.,·

:

and metbods of'ins~uction. ruture.approval,...

h~s

^{ra i s e d';the' l:sue'o f'}cl a s sro o m teach i dg, an d the

Drrlu~~or

and inst ructors of jSt . ClareIs Mercy Hospital

.\ . '

.. .

.school-.cf Nursing are interestedin seeing if ,they are

~~tn9 ~hatever

^{possible inl:bis}

area~ , .~·IJ-

-/'

,-\ In~t'r~~~ion f~at

^the

Clas8roo~ le~ei~.

^Is't.h::

r~spOns- ." )6iti~ .Ot..- _lnstructo~,8.

^{at the,}

~C~OOl ,

^{Of Nursing.} ,Nur s I ng

•.~11~i:uctO~8^{."" .:}fO~: .~e" ".pa~t_"J;l~~".traine~·.educators .

.'~b~kn~",~,~~g:~·.~b~e ^in-.t het r:..c~ntent,'ar e as .;h aVi n g 9rad~~t.ed.,f ro~ hurdng~rograI'l18iand,prac tic.ed',as·nurses forA

n~r ' Of',~'ellrs: ~e~~us".~ : t~r~r

^lackc:»f

tr~i~i~9 '

as.

te~,ph ~r~',

^_

ho;".e';er.~

^the'

~cope"" st."

tbeir'

~ristr,uctional

-

:st;~t'"lg.ies

^'and

tact1~s migb~',b~ ' narrCN'~

^{." , ;}

_Tbe content...,of 'the.cc us eee"in tbe"::nursing,.prog ram Is

~aried , 'deal i~~

^{witb"f act'; ;l}

lurnine,;/, proce~ural

^-

lea:rni~g,

^I'and

conce~t \ea~ningi '~nd

^{demandingthat}

student~'

.be able to ana1y.e,

synt~e.iz"',

and evaluat e

wh~t,thel

learn. Current

Ptactic~S

^might

~ot

match co d -and";':

~':

tarner need...! An

t~valulltion

^{of these}

t~'8tructi"Ona1

^{" -.<:}

• __,"- ': ' , ' ,':1' '" , •" " , ' ,•

praC'tices'was,'uq~ertakenwitha,view to.... ard recommend~ng

"s pect t'ic

improv~ment8

^{i t}

~~d

^{·whe r e}

need~d. "

",'/-:

" ',

"•6 I~

.r

r

cif'

thi~

^{'pa pe r}

tet1lls'~~,J!l ed" ~~. ~e~:Z:~nce '~

Fat putpos e s

:.1'.

to nur.lingor>",;-n'ursing

' .

educacLcn-".." . ate

".

d.'ef i ned

"

accotciin~'•

~to the' Stondard. for'

!rlt81ng

Ed u ClI $;l gn..in_{C!l na d~,:{CNAc}

1978)1 .'.,;'; 'j' .;'

.:-,1:_-'·1

'

.

^.:

, .

~.."r.-,

"" <1"

~., Aeeted JtAt1gO

- \. •J>' r •

Recognition by ex'terhlll-fa-gency of a nursing:~,

.

^{,} ,}

' .

~ . "

-

'

.

.'{duclltion~_~ogramthat~a.s m~tpred.~~erm~e~qU~Ui~t'1dna,

~y.ondth e -,minimumqualif1ca~ions nece'ssuy (or app'r o~a.l

pi."-~e pr~gram

^{.. ' : .}

~

^{• ."}

...

~'

^{....: " f ...}

~.

~ FOrmlt.1:";"pOsit1v~:18an~tlon ~ivki,

^{to'1lnursing'}

edu~it1~n.:.

^i:;

:ptog;am°t h ll"t hllS met'

'm'i~i~um q~~~~fiC~tiO~ aU~ho;~izl:!-d ^{',' .} f'

by provincial Statutes or .regulations ' . -;<",','

,

^'

' " . . ..

^'

t .: ~· ;. ~

,. ". ""'~Cti·v;t::~~t.met~ c . eed . ~ O~~~1~~~~t~~: ;;e ^{f . "c}

^{1 n9 :••}

'~~

II ..

't1 r :',~ N!~?,fn~"

^{" .\l Cll t1}

g~

^{, , ..}

< . ,~ , . ";

^t

~ :« : ,_ :" ,:

'.-1 ., ".~~e"_ptoc:e88that~aciUtllte.~,'l'c:.~ulsi~l"On~nd.mddi f. ~':":·-.

'..1' , _{cati'~_n ,o,t' .}

nu r s i n g

~n()WledlJe,sk";il ls ,.and,:,~

^..

~t·i,t 4~ea:" ~~."

^.

. '~l:., '~.:~~:P::;;~::::i::,:::::::::?:r':l:~:c~e'r.. jn.~:~.: en~~ici. ' :' '\

\ . '

...

...'

.

\ '

..\'. '

...

'rh08~,me t hod s, 't h e"i n s t r uc t o r

.

.

^{," ' " .} .. ..

'.Sped.f,i~ ~aysthat oneo~oo.se sto':~Plemerit,'~.pa'rt.lcul~r llIe t hod In:~ partic~larcase;'detailed"st:~psof instructl~n.

.e"

"

Stf!~do

^rd'

fQ';'~N!l ~s'1

^Db'

'E"k~D~'1

^{OD' •}

.• efer":· ; o .:

9·en~;.ily:~CoePt.d

^{eot.of·ehmente}

~ '. .. - ..'';" .'"':' ,~., '.,.-~, . '. I . :,;'

.'or.characteristics.a 9a 1na t. whicb,t.he, value'a nd Buitapility.

~f nu~·s·izig" ,.'~.~c.~.ti~~:~ ~;o~'rAf:r'~l1n be .

j

~d'ded

,

F~:r';~il.~:ril.t~~i'O~

^\

~f."·~~'inj,~~;, 'othe~ u8e~ '

in·thUi.thesisa~e;,defined^:118'tollows:

"'"

..

BN~~~~~o~~t::ai. exami~~ti-'on' ~se<t,'

^to.determine miniPlUin

compe~;'~CY',:' ~'d~~litrY i~t~ pract~c:'e

^{'a s'a.}

re91st~re~ ' ~.uFse, exa,mlna.~'~~~.'m~.a~~~.1~~" , aci~~I~lat~,d<~~rle~~~' .

" "

1'.1 . o~.r e~~,~nl~g a~,elicited~~,_pa:p~era,nd~L.,t e,s t

~~~.- , ~~~tiQ~;j --st~otegh"

^{...' ''''.}

:~ ,~ .

^,

~ ^\ _I

' j

I I

'J

I

~',

.

I . , ,. " v

~.

^{,T h eSchg}o]^Qf

~nrsf

^{09 •I ' \ ,}

~

^..

Will..be-usedto refer;0St. a"a r e's Mercy

B~SPl"t:a1

'.

,. S~OOl ,Of. NrSin9 . ·

^{;: \}

Tb~ .Q .p~"J ^{. ."} .j'. ': .

'i~'

^be,

,,"~.~efer tOSt. cy~~ ' ;

^••

~'f HO~Pl~a1

.~O,~.~I.:.Ifl~_:hi S th:Biii the'."UUl o r\~~s.~8ed·.~~e.:-_f emJ.nine '.,_~~t~~.oun"~~'" :.~e~~,r:en~.eto ~bi i~S~1uc't?r:-

r

8~u~.e~t~~

.nU,rai?9~:,·,}~ i s ~,aS.b~_e~, ~do,':le'be.c'lu s.~ "-~~·th.i~:',ti.me, tb,e-'vast'maj or1ty,...ofnu r d n.9.instructors

r

.and

.

stud~t~

are ~eblinine . No otfe nse18 Int~ndedto any,mal e s in

~. nU~sirl§1

^at;

nurs~n9 ed.ue~tion. ~ 1

.,

"

,.

~ Limitationso~ the St dy

, .

The

fOllO~ln9 U-;:i~atl~~a

^{'. , e eVi dent,}

thr oU~hout

.\ the studYI '

.'1 ."

'rh~

^stUdy..

per:t.~~lJ8 _t~ o~~ . h~spjJtal-b~sed

^{dipl oma :'}

- ;

<. ach~OI . ot inursi~~,. ·5t::~.: CJ.~'r~;8- M~J·C~ H08Pi~al SchOO'l

.:

~~.Nur

^sing

^{!, :} a~cl i~ .&.t.e~~·d' toa~~!~~ i~ 'th~ 11l1l?'r'OVein,en~~

/6t'·l na t r u c.t i on;,.4,1;.tbat pa~ ~ldilar insti t~~lll-n .·'

I f ~bi·i.e ~he ,'r'&S'ul:~S .~'f ·'tb~ . 8't~dY,

^1a'ay.·

b~',

^Internal'lY"

-.i:

' V~~d,, ·'th~Y ~a~ nO~~b~ ~~ne'iaih'ab~l to'· ~th.~:;'-s,ciioo~ s.

~" '.: ." ..'. .'.1' .;..' . . .

2. The.a t u d y' ·wa s's uppor t e d hy·the Scho o~of 'Nu r si ng

. '. ' - " , ",,' .. ' -!

,"

in~tructor,s

^w,ere

.nXiO~~ t~n,~

^their,

in.~r~~- . ^...

^.'

" /

^,..

^.

".

':~"

..

'/

r· · · · '. 1

:..':.

.,i ; '.'

') "~,

- ,

",{

Sign,it.l} a,~c: ~f the St ~d .

^y

' ,; !

an'UciJ;uated't hat,.t:he gui'de,lines 'deve lop e d, It is

:j 'I

.I.

hion. Th'~reto:~e, ^{the t.ocua of t}he evaluat i o n was

~eSigried ~ 'me~t ','the/~nforma:t'ion'

^{n'eeds ' that:'g roup}

l and ^B~

^is

^nmH~d' in ^9~ae, to c6nc.entraten t hoBe .

I - ,, ' - , - ' .' ", -

it e c hni q Ue Steachet~.reg~ar1~/:ngllge.~n_ ,•

"jDatacollected ~yii nt e rvi ev -: limited,to opi p i ons = of instructors And students regarding instruction

I ~ , •

llnd facilitiea at the School of Nursing_• 4. The results ofthe evaluationofcl as s r oomins t r uc tion

r are

' ~iJ!iit~i /by.' t~e/re~illbi1i,ty .

^{of' thEl} mjs ur es uaed .

l

I

f~,~a~a

...

.r:»: ./ : coll.~.,and , . an~ysi~ ',

^{•.,. . , .'}

'.

'S--. _~h~;~.~~~.rc~er ~_ecogni_z_e_8 ~he n~edto pr.ovi.e:e.prac ii i cal ...;'

__,/..:'..

sugge,s'~io-,:,a '

^{in:.or·aer,'that,t'hey}

~'e

^{implemented by}

. .the

l ~,s·tru';i:.orS ,?f 'th~'SCb~Ol Q f

Nursing,.

Instr~ctJ..onai

, ,/ " ::':::::B:hi::dc::C·:~::t~::::~i::t~:p:~:;~~:~t:: . , .

r..

i.~ which inter~st b.a8 ,b~e:~:~~pressed-~; , i~~tru~tors

^{•.' ""l-"-}

6.,

c';~~e r ation

^,1s £'eqU!'red'"from

}~e: D'i f~ctor"oi'

^the...

Sch~ol'of'Nur s i ng for'- implem~~ation'~ . .o~tb;'" gUid~iiries

,.

.•'. and recommendations•

'.~

"1.:

through thi~',Stu dY__Ca n'.maic.~,'a significant con t rtb..uti~n,~,<

to''t o e,improv·e~~nt.~:. in.sttu'cti.on).t ~t-; Cla re' s Mercy ~-.:,.

"' .

r.

'I .

t. ~. · .:

I

~

f _J

BOS,pita1.SC~,oOl ofN~in9. It is.h'9ped,t:nat't'~e~,e'

gUidel1~es m ay It!- ~O. be'

of.'v al ue to'

btb e~' '~ns ~t.I1c.~a ~~

·eng.age~'i~nUrsin'9.~,~ucatlonan~orl~ge-grou;instrupt~~n' at'th..

e.

,~o ~t s·e c onQ«.;Y l'e'1e.l.' ';h«:.~ui d ~ line's ,pro'vips pract.icAl'sU9ges tio~s that·should make 'i t,ea8 i~r for teachers'

t~~~et'e'rmi~e th~ +m~~~

^effecti

ve~ 8 trat~9:i

^to

\.

~'mPIOY. ·and··'ap~r-o~-d~te'"

^{st'epa""t o';,Oil'ow in}

,~a.r ~ing

^out'

i~8t;uction••~ ' ~;>~^{..,. ,. .... \ '} .~"l

" <

Desig~~f;ne'St u dy'

....·,Th lS~tUdY i~'~[-eportei'in

fi ve

chap t er s..';Cha pt'er

I h~S

^{'ou;ll n ed\h'e}

,nat·~r.,,~o·f

^{.;tb e\,}

~tUd~ ·"in·Cl.~~i~~ .th~

backgr'ound

t o'.' ~he.:':stu~~ , ' t . he ~;tateli:le~t · of· the~"prob.l~m, .

".;

tb ~ definlti9n o f

ter1l!'s, and.tbe

~imltatlon~ '~~d'~(gnif~Cance

":"'\. • t., .

·of'the"s t udy•

IJ;l.'lch apt er

, ~~

^{'th e}

lHer~iure r~i ~t lngto cha~gp

in nur'Bi;ng

pr~·CHce, . ~ange ^1n.'

^{nursi ng}'edu ca tion·, nursing .

ed·uca'~i.on ,

^in,

Ne.,,~o1i~d1and; an~,, ·the .'·b~~iC .~,ro·gr·a~

^{'.:in ..,}

nurs ing..'educ~t~'onare'rev :ewea .

In

~a~ter.II I..anoverview'of'educat'ional,evalua t.ion

i~ pre'sented~"

_...

'f~l'1owed

^bY\

·descript:i.ion· ~f th~ ~~aluation, '

~,' ,.- c. ' , .

~pproacb't'aken,:an-d"Bpecif ica~io nof"·the.program:to b"e e,Y"al.uated. it' ,conClu~es^.with.t.he coiieptlciri:and"

·

anat~;is

^{ot data}

·.~e14i~<l , tO. :~e ev~ua~iO~. ,

^,"

I

· i ·

^.',

':.

,

' :."'--:

....

.;.'

.:

.,cC:~-,-_:, .

^{( ,}

/. ; ;_, t ,;:. ; ; r , ,, .. '

: ,,;; ;~:>,y:,:'; ' " r

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_'"'

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_,,' '\:'~"'': _,/

^.,.-,:..-

_,

^.:

_l~ =

^_..,1

: t,c .'" >'.'

^7""

...

^1,"

""''.' /I~~~~~,~''.:~ ~~~~V \d~.: ' ,'~;it(~~ ,'~~~i iidt,~~~.::·: , > : I~

:.:;' ,OD,.t hl-ratiopa1e,to r~~a!.1 Dg.t.h.e.b~ ~ ul' ~' d1,8CUS.alOQ..i.'':'.. ,.

. .E.>',F ; , ' ."

" :' ~.ct~~.t,;dJ:~~~~i.on, ~e~d~Bt:::caito~.:·:~ · ~Q.~p~t:;a r:-:~~£~teei .':'"

,G.<_ .,. ~,',.,~ ^... ~"", ^{...,.,• • "''''' : ,.} ' : : - f.

..:.'~L";:"'·•

;~,r: ,' i '.,~'::.'^.:

'.

',:~;

^...

.:

-. '. .~ ~- , - . .. _{~, ,, ,:~} : .> :>:

.: . ::-.;" -' _{~~+; . '~} .., " . '.- _{.;> ~ :,.;~:} '," .. -·~:.o· ., ~ ; '

^..

. . . , . .. . ;';':~~~~ij?ci?; ;~/Si:~ " ii;u'::'~~'

. ,~, ~., .~- .~.

^{•. .-.' ..-.&,"}

:< , <. ~~ ...

;:.,,, ~.~,~;;~1;:;;>;~;;:: '·;';,, .:- : _ ' ." ' ' :S ' ;. '

. • ~^.•":.; >;_.';;~-' ^{, .:- .}:'~':^.:~~

...." . _{~t ~~:'":} ':;. : . '... . \"

.." _,..

··:·~;:~:;;.'.~;~~:;:-·;~~L_:1~:~;~ ·:.. >·:

. - -~ - L ;~- j\ ; ..

::~:.:t::,.·'!:i·

~ ;'~E':~~ f~r i~

..:.L::

. · ·" .iw

, I"

. , . I ·

I . . .)~~~iA ;~F. ~' .~I;~ro~ ^{..: .'}

. .-,_Chan ge-i n NursingPs::actice'~':'-.

,

- - ~ ",,~:': ' '~:~ - ;' -''..;-,' - ~; ,. <':~;. ~" -_:_:: . :(/ "- .:;:.: ::, ,,

•_N.Ur:~i~~ ,~_~S_A'.PaJ:.t of,"SOCle,t~-,',:,ls,a.f~eC~~'I?~:~be.',

. ; effiC_~e~~)~Piir~'ttf:Oq .~.£.

^_

t~,e·.~a~?:rl~~(:~~ le:~~h-:·_~.~r~./~~~i::-i.

tUtiOJ;l.p.ro~'f~.8SB'•.,._;.:.

~ I.~ i \~~p

.~~ s._.^...

~,t~.:l

^>....

~

-:_S ir~.~,;^.•..

tr: . . . . " :- . ' ~r

~,~e:^..e...

~h'i

-,hre.

~ ~~ly

~!U:~~:~_~.

.:

^•.

~

^•.:,~-~~ ':~.: to^.

~. ~d

^..-....}.;

h ._,.~~

^....·

th~t~.

^1e4ge-.and

" ~l?i'l~tY i~.icli~~cal:-·2I.li!8~8~lllent-

.~.~ .~~~ \mp~~~_~'~~<";,:·;:',, _-;'-'.~~:€:j/" ',:':'-, ::.:,:~:':,,'-:'_:'~:;: ': ^{. . '- ..} "<:~._< ' " :.:.

Ttadlt:.:£onaU:i....t.be~nurse_;.haB be ~!ii'rre9a~deda.s:-f,ill!ng"::.

. "Ii .. r~r':'8ii1r" ;:";·· ,;."~, .

..,.'. '...:...•.'...!.",."

.''':..;.-:'~:.:-:;.'1.'-.'- :;",

i

_I.

.

I

·1 I

1 I

.

1

1

I '

;

t-.: 'T

r

,

,13 .

Af&'.,_,a.:"care:':'gi,;{er

'8h8;":'h,a~'

^{;be.e n,}

._J:,~~~~~~.ble·

^,·'f6r.

,.\

meet'in~' p~tfe~t' d~p~~e~c~; ' CO;;f~r~r ' _ mo'~l~o'rlng,

':,t h e ra..:

~·;u_~f~., ' ~iln~" edii~:~~ion~1" .n:;~8'~,;-· " si~~e'-'

^-hos,pI

t'a~~

^{:a'i e}

.;C.~9~~iz~din~o..,~i~~~!,

.

~p_ecia+ized:.d~pa.r~~_~~:r:i~,te,~;~~.tion

::.:~_::':.7"eqUi~~~~~r·~be:~os~lta7' ^to ac,:~~p~.i~h./:f\'.goa~::

.-':oti.

servl c'e t,o'pat'ients.._~he nur.s.e .is"the_{.pe~_so,p:}who,:

in~~9r~tes ^.. ~he8~·'-di·ff;:r ~ntiated dep~'i:~mer:~'~' ^{_ .} (M~Cl.ure_~:l··

':':-:"~'~~l~on, 198~.l . . ' ,.'", - ,- ' , ' :~," ,,~

..

" .',".,

. . -

.:.,."

."...i.L.~

"

. .

',"

;,-

.'!.:~;.\

. 3 e

^'<:"'"

: :~

;"':; : ; ':'/> '. -:'..:... _{~,·_} ··',~~9i·ri , (ig~2) . eril;bllS~~d" ;tha(""tbe

^{range of',}

ca~~g

. ". . ,. ....•. . . . ~:;::.~.::~:;i:::~::r::::~:.Zi.;~i~\f:1":::~::::e~:,;~n:;~:;:.:

":";..'-:";,,"; S:O~b~~t·i·ca.t ed,·t ec~nOl~g i Cal::treatment-t.e:',~b~~p~opie

).

":,.

'1.,.

., ,:.'

"

14

,

.'.

, .::"; " ~.: ^{• • -< '.; -}

pr'Ob1eJlls, and'renal problem's bave'r;equireda -rethinking.

~f ~ t~~ ·.,~dili::'a~io~ ' o~

^.:

n 'u 'rses ·an~. ~f ~he' t~SkS.

^thei

1>erfor~

"

i'Bull~\.i~h·~: ~·.:~Uhori9h, -:'

^1'984

^i.: ~' ^,... ~~e:~ . _{h'a~ "} bee?":~ maj'~~ ,"

", chan9~.in,'the .'levei of.IC:riO~:l~d'ge required..co ~_a:rty.out

" . 't~e :,~a'~i·6.~s

^-,r·ales.

'~aPi'~lY" i'ilC~:eas.1·n~ k~_owhd~e' atld~

n.~ t'~~'~~.~1'~9:~~-~;have ~~uir~d. n.~]/s·~s tci,bec~m~.in.cre~in91Y··

,,' ::~:~:::~:ftt;[::t:~~ ;~;, :::I:::~:~::'Ec:~~t::::i;'i' '

•e'g,reat;r

'nulll~e'r ~f 'se ~ i~~~lY¥

^{.; u"}

pathnE~

^.

,~e abl~' " ,>.,

· ·' ~~~:~~

,~_r~_,··~ho r ~e r.,>ThltE,~_

i~~T;~Eg~1~~~;·

Is_an:~nc:re e,d:~lY:ol~,er~p~tien~

· ··

: po~.~~~\i.on ~~t~

^;mui

t:ii~_~';~~~l~d·~~;~·obl:~m~:,.

^:

;,;~~ .:.Ad·~:i.t~~o~

^-::

~.to' the·a dllli t ting.~ia9n~si's,."the~'m~>:,.~avel1~~,dl1g:o r_.'

i~r,~~~1~i\ls~~~~~tit}~

_Ev~n•.no.tis'pe~iaH~)' ~~.r".es.:,~ e~ tJ i r e',.a:.kn.owledge ~f

..

.

· .

...•' .. .! - . . . ...' ",;" • . /- . • • ,'.' '.- ,.j

t~.~~~~t_~O.Il_~~d ~~:~.~.~effec~~,o~fume~O?~.dri~9~"~~f'~u.~~~t\~:~~-,-, :'

',of iqfectio n'c1,n.ttOl,'and\'~~.t h~_:P~~ ~h l?, s ~ c i ~1'p eed 8

, /

^"

, \J '

I.

I

:"

.::',

: ""

.'

... 15

::'"

suppoi:~'

^'groupo",",

~," , , ~'

^.

,,~,~, ~., ',~

: - . ~Y'~elo¥t~::~,~~~~; ; ~t'ated ~t~~t "as':J'~' ':~s:~lt ~f

^{risi V9}

edu~a'~ion'al'i~.vefs',a~;d.^gt,eater.afflu'~'nc·e,^{'t h e'}

pUbu6

. .

^.~

:f~~J~l~~#t~~~~~E.·

^.of•.qerpntol.Qq.t.~.a.~•se\r~~~."s;',.,:.The;ra",will,.t~~9l"e~~,er-.!n,e~d

f :

.. 'i;,:f:~:~:~~~~~i~t~i:i.:;; . ^{i t· . ,}

,, '.-9~ . p~t~.~n ~

^•....

, .:~.~.~ '~equir e

^{a.>',W01:,ki ng}

~nowl.edge Of ,~'

va ri e t y \'f equipment,:.of-flui "- and elec.t rolyt e:'ba.la nc e,•

,, ?~ta~e '~ri t ~~t~~t. ho~~, -a~d.

:t h,e"

in~e~ r~l~tion'~~

^{te mpe r-}

•~t,~r e^..j.~~,ee " ~e~Pi;ration~:~.n~ bl0~dpr esspr e . "t:lu rse s IlIU ~ tge abLe ttl'p e rfo rlll- lDa n y. function s.and gene-cally

~ntegr:t~ 'th ~i ~i ~nowl~d9~ £~t~ ^'a'

coo r d inat ed

pia n

for',

.safe·~a't:i.er;1t·^care' (Bui l o l:1g h"il':Bullo;~gh, ^{;'984 )•}

. . ...

.''.;'

_{' ;} ~f~~i~~~~~f~~~~i~~~;

J;Sec~~e , ,i n_part,,~:e,t1~~tit:~t'~':fO,~ the~,raditiona!i-am~lY, '..J

e". ''':.•

", .

^'/~,

,

_',,~

< . { ^..

.-.-_._."~

" '

. _ r ·' ~.

16

,

.

, i:

'c b ccnLc·d l s e a.s e/ ra~her than acute illnes s, is

-,

'p~ese!ltin'g

^a

majOr: .h~alth p~pblem

^{t,oday, especially}

,-.in te'~ard-':to t.he ,t n,c r e a'S1ng l Y-aging population. ReH...,...

·'.-and· '~ste~

⁽¹⁹⁸²⁾

~~:t~d;~ "' ~

ChrorH ~ di~eil,Se8 ~re'the leading ca us e s of .bldity',mortality:;.andphysical-J.mpairment.;••

Nursi!)9·pr-&ctice4,s,~ncreasin91ybeingaffecte~

.·b y the preponder.ance·'of 'pe-rsons,who req ui r e assistance in preventing,"pQstponing,recovering from',.aJ)d managini;'cbronic~_illnesses,.a nd t he . fnnctl.onal impairments_that accompany·diseaset>

.,or dfaaqlli.ty: (p.169) .

{\ As'a

".r_e·~ui

^{t-t be r e'}

~s ·J.ncre~sed . emphasis

on.prevention,

. ''; -

. . -. ,

\ ;:., .' .' -

...

·ti.:~:~ t...b.eaucation<.pr~Ji~~\'c~re ;_ .'~n~..lOng..., t e r m.~er;~ie~s~'.:

i'" '-:,Th~re.:'i,~ 1.~k~lY_'to b~:.mf,r ~, ;p~a~_ison keep~ng~eo~,~~

7~<",:' :~ -?e;al tbY:>.tht?~9h·.modifiC~ti On,-~,~,f ;~fe-stYle~., N~r\sfa

,\~

^will

~'~o.e .~~.e ,~~V~lY'ed~

^..

i~:, lO~9:-term c~re -'as, nieiu.,~a:l

f '.'' . ' • 'techn~lo9Y,,allows ;life to.;be"sustained. Reif,and'Es t e s

,

I

i,,\

i

l.

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- 17

cha n g e, while ebnee in hospital,s loo k after the needs

of tbe acutely"i l l. ..~.\

Anur s i ng ptofessi on aware of the forces and

~~~~t:;;~::e:nd l1Cu~~~g t~~b~i~~:s~i:;~ l~::h:h~~~ .j

ce r t.a Lntrends,.seize upon others

to

advance its cause, and"try.to accceacaaee itself 'to ebcee over whicni thasno'c on t r ol . Anursing profession u,R4ware of chanqing evenee.a n d tre n d s 1n this'c ompl e x environment will be unableto direc;t itsenergiestoward realistic

:~;r:pe,~~~~~i~l (::;:on~~d L;~;~e Ii:, ~~;;i~;

[NLN],1979 , ix),>.•

;',,;" Nu r s i n g , as oSpart:of Boci.e~Y, is affedt~d'by,t he

_.... • , . .. '", ' . ,"2-

cbanges in'soc i e t y,in general, as wel l.&s ebeee change s tha't-1spe C\fi Cal lY at'fect"ene health

sc:~ences. c~anges '

i'n t h e;.:healtb car:e:'"

s~stem, ~.in he'll~th

^.ca:re

~

fi nancing.

~

...e-

tbe d·~'!"~d.

^for

m~n ~'cmp~e~etfBiVe 'heal~h

^c'are;

.t;he·inc~eas-

^.',

. in.91Y

a9in/'so~ety~

^{- :}

ti~·~~

^fqr

'_co~~n"ity '~~nta1 '.he~lth.

: ,:,se.rvit~; /·aii"· a~vanl'Jes,-~n

^{.,sc .1:enc e'-a n'd t}e c hnol' ogy ' are i

'-' :tl i"'haV;~g ii( ~ft ect "~n tIi~ '-~u't131n9

^{"p r10f e s s i6 n.•Th e}

'~~~~'bm,t~,_ B~~'HU,

^{e nd}

P01·i'ti~ai .'e"nv'~~onmen:ts

^in:'which

.,., nurses"

~~~ti~·i)i ",pa~; a n ~qf.llJe nce ~n~ nursin~.

'.-" , ' \ " r: ' - ', : . - , • , ' •

.'.'

'·'i

.A

=

^{Change in} ijursln g Education

ra

.To tmopcH On

, , I

Programa in nursing educati:Onare established in

-:

;.

re sp on se,t o the nursingservice required .by society.

. <

There is condderab:le contro versy .r.e g a.fd i n g nursing,

~_~ucation, wi'th the centr~l issue beingthe-ent r y level

fo r,pr o f e s s i o na l practice. Areview of the literature

. r . _ ,' .

per~ai ni ng.to·e ~ t ry:tnto pr.p..ctice has.l,evealed :,ho!llt'

,thereis.a~Ijl Ck'~f~~onsen.su s:regard.1~~ ~~e dif~.~~~ces in·.n~rslng practice' -~gr~duate~fro~the,v,ad o us entry

l evel~

^-' Chas k a,-'l!...83

~ ~at. , na!.~dviB~ry

^,<:'6unc11

~nvoc~tion_al

^.

EdUC~tiO~'

^{1983).--- -z _}-:...: '''--. .,:" . .- ,,:, " -.

T~e nur"s.ln g·prO f e S 8.1 ~~~ u-n::ilc.e._d.1~~~-p~,Of e!, s,i ons. has nor e.than one programleading,to! 'e n t ry·-tn t.c;l,'the 'p rofession . In can adA

~he '

^majoi·

ed-ucit:t ~O~Pl' ~o~~~;';;-

" :. ' . ',

.'

"

. .

\'

:,"

that,··'lead to.th·e..RNdiplol\la a~.e,'t h e.'~iplolllaprogr.ams off e:r e d'eI t h er

bYh08P! ~ial-ba·~ed ' .scb~·Ol~" .ot 'mi'~i~9:

^';.,

regional Bc h'oo l s.:- . •of.nursi bg,' . I

'communi~;~~

. ,. ',

Q Ol:~'eg"~';

. '. ' _.'

,~t

College

c1!

~nseignemeQt'G~~uha.l et.·Profesa1onnel tC'EGEP>.:

sch~Ol S

^of

'~ur si;g. ~~'d the'bac~al~urellte ~ro9i:ams·

^-.

~f~~i:~ii '.

,.

'bi:: uniVf)~sities\ .Altho~h" bj 19i;· the ' ~~~et ~f: .tuaents·:

^{.. "'-}

,. ' .,~:; ~:ie7'b.:~r:,::;~',~~ t::~~:/:~:~:~:!·tt~n ~~ts~::~::::: , :.: " '; .

- , "baOCjl.la1Jre~te

_{, \ . "}

.pr"a9;a~s,(H 71ll

_{" .}

Il'dml~siOns)

_.

.

_{. .} t ,

^nU~b.er

_{f l\}

^{.' ~," ,:}

_{, ,} ^{" I '}

. ' "

. .

^...

.

^"

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.''>

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of ·llitudent~

^ente'i:ing

bllccal~~reate

.p rog rams

,,,,a~

^{'ge nerllli ;,"}

,.

in~r~asin9

^{'whil e}

~he numb~r o~. 8t'ude~nts

^entering

dlPl,~ma

^..-.

..progiains·

~was ~ecfini~g t s'tllqsti~B Canada~' 198~l

^.;

Wft"b·di f f e r ent"-bastc..·educat~·onal.,prog,r~s,:i.n,nur si rlll.

.1.e~din9 ~Q ~he same.1.icen~i.n~:e~amillatiOn.an~.~he same.::.

"9 utoff~oin~forpaBsi~g , it!s"d i Ulcu lt todifferent'~ate~

b':5wee~

^the gr iduates. The CNAba s:tllk«tn

~ _the Pb~.~t~on

..,' that"nursing"e.ducati on l!hO~l ~ ~zi.~·e pj e ce'W.~t.hiri·_·the '".

gehe,~aledQ;at10~8Y'~tem,^and th~'t^theIlin~mal.~d'u"C:~t).O!1a-i~ "

-·;r equ'ireme~t ^{for en t r y intoprac tice} bY:';~'h'e"year-

' Z """

:Sh~Uld b~~~tbe - succeSS~~l':: C~~Pl.et'i,on ·_~·~.·:a,: ba:,~cal~u'~eat~'.

~'pmpie'te,~9'reement" ^either,a:m~~t~oQe.i-nvoi,;e~^1.n'1)11[ &1n'9' '..

J,

t;'ai~in9'" o·~ am,Or\~p;9~P~C;.ti~~ emp~~oyer:s, '~

^ae

_~o :~hi.p~

tiro g r am

prbdUC~B 't·h~. '.n~st: ~ff,~~ti';~·" 'b6~s~~. ' · ~~'~y 1~~,~

^,

pra~"~ice'~'coRtinJeos{

^{to°b e 6}

'maj~'r ·i '~

^•

.u,~.'· i~· nh5:~~~l1 ' .in,' '

Canada.~

I r

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i,

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EO;'''~~~O::::'!::~~t~::::,~::jlD:9 scnOO'sin . e mdois "

tied,'to

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ri't·-Great_."B r~ t:a.1 n·and'the..un~t~d· 'Bt.at';! ~::­

'Th e'firs t'Traini~g

sch.ool

't or·Nur.s es 1nCanadawas'organiz ed"

on eb'e

.Ni9~ti.n9ai.:e ' Pri.n~iP~es'" In'',·i.:8,1~ 'b~' 'ri~ ,; °T.b~OPhiius" ~ '

⁰

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Ma~ ~~

^theGeneral

~'nd ~ar1n~

^'HOBPi t a i

i~

^St.

'ca~he~t~'~a;

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,On t;a r io';' ( G ib b~~n ~~Mathewso~ ;':,ig47.r-, _Dr~.-.M8ck'bell ,ev'e d

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again'st g01ng intopublic'ho,spita:s~:( ..

Aft~r.,i88"severalsc hoolsf9r'n':J,~ ~ e$'~e:r~,estalil:i,sh~Q'' iI).,

ca,na~~.

^{'Th e firs t,of.}

t1).~~ .~as

^a',t't.lie

:T,oronto;'G~!1~r~

BOJlpital·i n 18~,1.' I~,~ib.or9~nlz~d",,'unde~'Mi~s',,:Aqn~s",'

· ~iei~;::i~~o~: ~ ~$ ..

sev en'te'~t\" 'Bt;4d~nt~ /.~~~bi~~d,:,::~~ , ~~o~" :'e'i,gbt

^:',

res i gnecil.or_ve:r e:di_sm,i,s lJeCi"_',:rhos e',who'r esi,.gn:ecf"

. found th e·dt's c ~'p~ine;too',:!'lU9h'_:,fOl','ttieljl::'The,-.' . student~,who'~ so,nlJrsed ,::r~c,ebed'ins-t rUl::tiqll tn the'wa r.ds,and'be a-rd'lecttil'lil(Jw i.c e-it.,w·e·e~

"~"·.6n,th e'mos(/impor,t41'!tpQint,s;ot'nu ( sln g",.'

,(p •

.1:.~2)

^.;.;:,.:.".

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.'n~t ~o~:·i;'~~:~:7~C:;:,d~:: :~:::~:::.!: ;!::~ri::':~~: ,~, "

:"

s~q\:ia, ', prpl.~e'· ~'d~arJ3

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.'I' S .l:and/ ,.~d' O,'U'~b'ec:\h'- : 18,99/).:n

BJ:ltisb,:'c olaittttiiain18~l',i~AlbeEta'~n-lf194i,j·in

, s",:akat.cnewlip.', .

.

^,.'.e'~na'nci,~.\--:8tab~li ty Of·.t~e.

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h"<? ap i talsw.it;-b.wh i.Ch:t~ey';'.;'

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21 This meantthat "the essential ccepcnene.

·ot' learning to provide nU~'~ing ^{care, ....}ithaccomf:lanYing"

': practi~e : ' ~Ila SUb~'rd;nated

^to'

the

^{servi ?e needsof'the}

·inStit~t·ion·.(,Duncanson, 19.7 ~ja,p, l~?)..

. \...

Thetra1'ning'ip these e4<ly schools generally extended

~ ov~r·

^a

tw~~ye~r.-pe~rod.

^:"However, it emph'asized

ap.prentic~"

'Sh~P1;:--;;:-~ward~ r~'ttter

^{tha n}

-..academi~ tr~lnln~~ . ·

^In

·~ri:tiii.9^{.'of."t h e...tra ·i n ing,a t} t~e Schoo~.^{for.,.Nurses-}a~

th ;'

To,,,n.to

Gen",; l"osp~tel. Gib:O~

^end

Metl'~~6i--ii.;;7)

^:'

;-n~ted::..

';'be 'cour~~,^{of t}r ai n ing.£0;·18 91~occupied ^just:,,":

.~6B'bo l,l r ,! ~\spread·over nine'Dlonths"ln a.~wo-":,.'

·':t e a r ,'p r o gra mme . In,be t we e n'the pJ:Actical ...

nu ~'sil\g'-we r e-"s 1ls.n dwi c be d Leceur.ea"on anatolllY,:"

,'p hys lolo g y ,\med ical , surgical'and obstettica! .

-n urs i ng , ,c·oimu nJ,ca ble diseases'.~lnd,'d i s e a s es'

.of.t he;!y e,.ear ,.

nO,Be

and thto at: ' (p'.ts~') '.':

; .::f; i.ftY-::_8e.v..en·.·fo1.~~w in9·e-th~e~:yell rcQ,u r s.e.·','

-!".'

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^{: '.•;}

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'wa s':tcio

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^' In ;1.9 14

'a,.t

S~~'Cl~

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