Adoption and use of new information technology

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Adoption and Use of New Information Technology

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91 Jdph vwrsv1 Djhqw jhwvw+,/ dqg wkh sulqflsdo jhwvV+t+,,w+,F+t,1 Wkh pdlq glhuhqfh zlwk wkh suhylrxv fdvh lv gxh wr wkh idfw wkdw wkh sulq0 flsdo kdv wr fkrrvh wkh ohyho ri LW ehiruh nqrzlqj wkh djhqw*v w|sh1 Zh kdyh douhdg| vkrzq wkdw/ surylghg wkhuh duh qr elqglqjv/ wkh xvh ri LW lqfuhdvhv zlwk wkh vnloov ri wkh djhqw1 Wklv phdqv wkdw li wkh sulqflsdo zdqwv wr rhu dq lqfhq0 wlyh frqwudfw wr kljk vnloo djhqwv/ vkh kdv wr lqyhvw pruh lq LW +lq vwhs 5, wkdq li vkh zdqwv wr rhu lqfhqwlyh frqwudfwv rqo| wr orzhu vnloo djhqwv1 Jlyhq wkhvh frqvlghudwlrqv zh fdq lpdjlqh wkdw wkh sulqflsdo/ wr vdyh prqh|/ pd| ghflgh wr rhu lqfhqwlyh frpsdwleoh frqwudfwv rqo| wr d vxevhw ri w|shv1

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S6 pd{

t+,>t

] ^O

^K +V+t+,,#+> t+,,X+,,gI+,

+44, .I+^K,k

V+t+^K,#+^K> t+^K,,X+^K,l

F+t,,

^K^O +-,

vxemhfw wr= iru5^^K> ^O`

;

(10)

5duj pd{

w+,#+> t+,, +l,

X @w+,#+> t+,,3 +ll,

t+,t +lll,

Lq S6 wkh sulqflsdo pd{lpl}hv khu h{shfwhg sd|r e| fkrrvlqj wkh ohyho ri lqyhvwphqwtdqg e| ghflglqj zkr vkrxog eh rhuhg wkh lqfhqwlyh frqwudfw ghwhuplqlqj wkh ydoxhv ri ^K/ ^O1 Wkh remhfwlyh ixqfwlrq +44, lv frpsrvhg ri wkuhh whupv1 Wkh uvw rqh +wkh lqwhjudo, uhihuv wr wkh h{shfwhg surw uhodwhg wr lqwhuphgldwh vnloov vhjphqw +dv lqS5,1 Wkh vhfrqg lv uhodwhg wr wkh kljk vnloo vhjphqw +zklfk zh kdyh dvvxphg zloo fkrrvh wkh frqwudfw ri wkh w|sh^K,1 Wkh whup uhodwhg wr wkh orz vnloo w|shv grhv qrw dsshdu lq wkh htxdwlrq ehfdxvh lw lv qlo +wkh sulqflsdo rhuv qrwklqj dqg sd|v qrwklqj,1 Frqglwlrq +-, lqglfdwhv wkdw ^K/ ^O duh iuhh wr dvvxph wkh ydoxhv ri wkh lqwhuydo

>

1 Frqglwlrqv +l,/ +ll,/ +lll, duh wkh vdph dv lq sureohpS5dqg duh uhihuuhg h{foxvlyho| wr wkh lqwhuphgldwh lqfhqwlydwhg vhjphqw1

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fdq eh uhvwdwhg dv iroorzv=

S6³ pd{t+,U^O

^K

V+t+,,#+> t+,,^{I +,}_i+,#+> t+,,

i+,g.

.I ^K k

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v1w1 t³+, 9 3 +46,

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V³+t+,, @#_t+> t+,, .I+,

i+,#_t+> t+,,/ ^K 99^O @ +47,

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I+^K,F³+t+^K,, @#_t+^K> t+^K,, +48, Htxdwlrq +47, lv wkh Hxohu htxdwlrq/^O @ frphv iurp wkh wudqvyhuvdolw|

frqglwlrq rq^O dqg htxdwlrq +48, lv wkh wudqvyhuvdolw| frqglwlrq iru ^K1 Wkh

<

(11)

Ohjuhqgh frqglwlrq +3 3, lv uhvshfwhg1 Xvlqj Glql*v wkhruhp zh fdq ghulyh wkh vorsh ri t+,wkdw lv qrq srvlwlyh dv uhtxluhg e| +d,=

t³+, @#_t+> t+,, ._C^C k

I +,i+,

l#_t+> t+,, .^{I +,}_i+,#_t+> t+,,

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I+^K,k

V³+t+^K,,#_t+^K> t+^K,,l

@F³+t+^K,, +4:, Frqvlghu wkh pdujlqdo h{shqglwxuh ri wkh sulqflsdo dw^K1 Wkh sulqflsdo vshqgv F³+t+^K,,lq rughu wr rhu dq lqfhqwlyh frqwudfw wr wkh w|sh@^Kdqg wr doorz vhjphqw^> ^K,wr jhw wkh frqwudfw ri ^K1 Wkh pdujlqdo h{shfwhg uhyhqxh +qhw ri wkh lqfhqwlyh, lv jlyhq e|k

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43

(12)

Iljxuh 5= Dgrswlrq dqg xvh ri LW lq fdvh ri frpsohwh lqirupdwlrq dqg lqfrpsohwh lqirupdwlrq zlwk frqwudfwleoh dqg qrqfrqwudfwleoh lqyhvwphqw1

8 Glvfxvvlrq

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Rq wkh edvlv ri wkhvh revhuydwlrqv/ zh pd| frqfoxgh wkdw=

dvvxplqj vx!flhqwo| orz LW frvwv dqg qrq0frqwudfwleoh lqyhvwphqw/ lqfrp0 sohwh lqirupdwlrq ohdgv/ rq dyhudjh/ wr ryhu0lqyhvwphqw dqg xqghu0xvh1

44

(13)

Iljxuh 6= Dgrswlrq dqg xvh ri LW lq fdvh ri frpsohwh lqirupdwlrq dqg lqfrpsohwh lqirupdwlrq zlwk frqwudfwleoh dqg qrqfrqwudfwleoh lqyhvwphqw +qlo frvw,1

Wkh vnhwfk ri wkh surri fdq eh grqh dvvxplqj wkdw +pdujlqdo, frvwv whqg wr }hur1 Zh uhvwdwh +8,/ +<,/ +47, dqg +48, zlwk wklv dvvxpswlrq=

Qhz vroxwlrq riS4+frpsohwh lqirupdwlrq,=

V³+t, @#t+> t, +4;,

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V³+t+,, @#_t+> t+,, .I+,

i+,#_t+> t+,, +4<, Qhz vroxwlrq ri S6 +lqfrpsohwh lqirupdwlrq zlwk qrqfrqwudfwleoh lqyhvw0 phqw,=

V³+t+,, @#_t+> t+,, .I+,

i+,#_t+> t+,, +53, V³+t+,, @#_t+> t+,, +54,

45

(14)

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9 Frqfoxvlrqv

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: Dsshqgl{

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uvw/ zh fkdudfwhul}h wkh wudqvihu vfkhph wkdw uhvshfwv wkh lqfhqwlyh dqg sduwlf0 lsdwlrq frqvwudlqw/ vhfrqg zh uhsodfh lw lq wkh remhfwlyh ixqfwlrq vr dv wr rewdlq dq xqfrqvwudlqhg rswlpl}dwlrq sureohp1 Wkh lqfhqwlyh frqvwudlqw +<1l, uhtxluhv wkdw djhqwuhsruwv klv w|sh wuxwkixoo|1 Zh ghqh!+>,dv wkh xwlolw| ri djhqw zkhq kh dqqrxqfhv=

!+>,w+,#+> t+,,>; +55, Wr uhvshfw wkh lqfhqwlyh frqvwudlqw zh uhtxluh wklv ixqfwlrq wr kdyh d pd{l0 pxp dw@ / ;1 Vr/ wkh uvw rughu frqglwlrq lv=

!+>,m_@@ 3>; +56,

46

(15)

Wklv phdqv= w³+,#_t+> t+,,t³+, @ 3>;1 Lw fdq eh vkrzq +vhh iru h{dpsoh Odrqw dqg Wluroh ^4<<6`,/ wkdw zkhqt³+,3/ wkh uvw0rughu frqglwlrq +jlyhq e| htxdwlrq +56,, lv qhfhvvdu| dqg vx!flhqw iru wkh rswlpxp1

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+, @!+> , .!+> , @!+> ,1 Qrwh wkdw wklv lv dq dssolfdwlrq ri hqyh0 orsh wkhruhp wr wkh pd{lpl}dwlrq ri +55,1Wklv |lhogv

+, @#+> t+,, +57,

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+, @]

#+> t+,,g +58,

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w+, @#+> t+,, .]

#+> t+,,g +59,

Wkh rswlpl}dwlrq sureohp pd| eh zulwwhq dv S5³³= S5³³ pd{

t+,

]

%

V+t+,,#+> t+,,]

#+> t+,,g

&

gI+,F+t, +5:,

tt+, +lll,

t³+,3 +d,

Frqglwlrq +d, lv wkh vx!flhqw frqglwlrq iru wkh djhqw*v pd{lpl}dwlrq sureohp ri wkh djhqw1

Wkhq/ lqwhjudwlqj e| sduwv wkh lqwhjudo dqg vxevwlwxwlqj frqvwudlqw +lll,/ dv iru sureohpS4/t@t+,/ zh rewdlqS5³1

47

(16)

; Eleolrjudsk|

Edurq/ Gdylg S1 dqg P|huvrq/ Urjhu E1 +4<;5, Uhjxodwlqj d prqrsrolvw zlwk xqnqrzq frvwv/ Hfrqrphwulfd y1 83/ ss1 <440<631

Ehujpdq/ Hgzdug P1/ Ihvhu/ Hgzdug M1 dqg Ndxipdqq/ Doh{dqghu +4<<<, Ohdq Surgxfwlrq V|vwhpv lq Uhjlrqv= Frqfhswxdo dqg Phdvxuhphqw Uhtxluh0 phqwv/ Dqqdov ri Uhjlrqdo Vflhqfh/ Qryhpehu 4/ 4<<</ y1 66/ lvv1 7/ ss1 6;<0756 Jxhvqhulh/ Urjhu dqg Odrqw/ Mhdq M1 +4<;7, D frpsohwh vroxwlrq wr d fodvv ri sulqflsdo0djhqw sureohpv zlwk dq dssolfdwlrq wr wkh frqwuro ri d vhoi0pdqdjhg up/ Mrxuqdo ri Sxeolf Hfrqrplfv1 y1 58/ ss1 65<069<1

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wkh fdofxoxv ri yduldwlrqv dqg rswlpdo frqwuro lq hfrqrplfv dqg pdqdjhphqw/

Qruwk0Kroodqg1

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y1 45/ lvv1 4/ ss1 54076

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Pluuohhv/ Mdphv D1 +4<:4, Dq h{sorudwlrq lq wkh wkhru| ri rswlpxp lqfrph wd{dwlrq1 Uhylhz ri Hfrqrplf Vwxglhv y1 6;/ ss4:8053;1

48

(17)

QUADERNI DELLA FACOLTÀ

I quaderni sono richiedibili (nell’edizione a stampa) alla Biblioteca universitaria di Lugano via Ospedale 13 CH 6900 Lugano

tel. +41 91 9124675 ; fax +41 91 9124647 ; e-mail: biblioteca@lu.unisi.ch La versione elettronica (file PDF) è disponibile all’URL:

http://www.lu.unisi.ch/biblioteca/Pubblicazioni/f_pubblicazioni.htm

The working papers (printed version) may be obtained by contacting the Biblioteca universitaria di Lugano

via Ospedale 13 CH 6900 Lugano

tel. +41 91 9124675 ; fax +41 91 9124647 ; e-mail: biblioteca@lu.unisi.ch The electronic version (PDF files) is available at URL:

http://www.lu.unisi.ch/biblioteca/Pubblicazioni/f_pubblicazioni.htm

Quaderno n. 98-01

P. Balestra, Efficient (and parsimonious) estimation of structural dynamic error component models

Quaderno n. 99-01

M. Filippini, Cost and scale efficiency in the nursing home sector : evidence from Switzerland

Quaderno n. 99-02

L. Bernardi, I sistemi tributari di oggi : da dove vengono e dove vanno

Quaderno n. 99-03

L.L. Pasinetti, Economic theory and technical progress

Quaderno n. 99-04

G. Barone-Adesi, K. Giannopoulos, L. Vosper, VaR without correlations for portfolios of derivative securities

Quaderno n. 99-05

G. Barone-Adesi, Y. Kim, Incomplete information and the closed-end fund discount

Quaderno n. 99-06

G. Barone-Adesi, W. Allegretto, E. Dinenis, G. Sorwar, Valuation of derivatives based on CKLS interest rate models

Quaderno n. 99-07

M. Filippini, R. Maggi, J. Mägerle, Skalenerträge und optimale Betriebsgrösse bei den schweizerische Privatbahnen

Quaderno n. 99-08

E. Ronchetti, F. Trojani, Robust inference with GMM estimators

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Quaderno n. 99-09

G.P. Torricelli, I cambiamenti strutturali dello sviluppo urbano e regionale in Svizzera e nel Ticino sulla base dei dati dei censimenti federali delle aziende 1985, 1991 e 1995

Quaderno n. 00-01

E. Barone, G. Barone-Adesi, R. Masera, Requisiti patrimoniali, adeguatezza del capitale e gestione del rischio

Quaderno n. 00-02

G. Barone-Adesi, Does volatility pay?

Quaderno n. 00-03

G. Barone-Adesi, Y. Kim, Incomplete information and the closed-end fund discount

Quaderno n. 00-04

R. Ineichen, Dadi, astragali e gli inizi del calcolo delle probabilità

Quaderno n. 00-05

W. Allegretto, G. Barone-Adesi, E. Dinenis, Y. Lin, G. Sorwar, A new approach to check the free boundary of single factor interest rate put option

Quaderno n. 00-06

G.D.Marangoni, The Leontief model and economic theory

Quaderno n. 00-07

B. Antonioli, R, Fazioli, M. Filippini, Il servizio di igiene urbana italiano tra concorrenza e monopolio

Quaderno n. 00-08

L. Crivelli, M. Filippini, D. Lunati. Dimensione ottima degli ospedali in uno Stato federale

Quaderno n. 00-09

L. Buchli, M. Filippini, Estimating the benefits of low flow alleviation in rivers: the case of the Ticino River

Quaderno n. 00-10

L. Bernardi, Fiscalità pubblica centralizzata e federale: aspetti generali e il caso italiano attuale

Quaderno n. 00-11

M. Alderighi, R. Maggi, Adoption and use of new information technology