in
Heywood V.H. (ed.), Skoula M. (ed.).
Identification of wild food and non-food plants of the Mediterranean region Chania : CIHEAM
Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes; n. 23 1997
pages 45-55
Article available on lin e / Article dispon ible en lign e à l’adresse :
--- http://om.ciheam.org/article.php?ID PD F=CI011062
--- To cite th is article / Pou r citer cet article
--- Younis Haggag M. H erbal medicin e in Egypt. In : Heywood V.H. (ed.), Skoula M. (ed.). Identification of wild food and non-food plants of the Mediterranean region. Chania : CIHEAM, 1997. p. 45-55 (Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes; n. 23)
---
http://www.ciheam.org/
http://om.ciheam.org/
EGYPT
Younis
of of
El
st.,
&m
été utilisée en Egypte depuis longtemps. Les de beaucoup de plantes médicinales et les les
utilisées. La égyptienne 2000
été étudiées et beaucoup de
est utilisées et
au égyptien sont aussi inclues.
plants have been used as a of since ancient times. 'The ancient
with many medicinal of in
of The healing of sick out
The in Ancient Egyptian tombs. The
the temple walls and in the that Ancient Egyptians
the same as they plant, as well as
the egg,
vegetable that they used acacia, aloes,
colocynth, linseed, squill, cumin, onions, anise, oil and wine. They used all
plant such as seeds, as well as
medicaments in the of pastes and ointments.
When the to Egypt, art of healing made use
of all available as the Chinese,
as well as the Ancient Egyptian. The as
Sina, still in as
Among these books Fil Tib Oli Albab @awood El-Antaki)
people still go to shops seeking
since they as
Nowadays, is an the use of
an confidence in two companies in Egypt that
specialised in the of addition,
constituents is called
in
The of Egypt includes about 2000 species of plants in its localities that
in type of soil and climatic and that
the of of plant species. addition, many plante have been successfully acclimatized in Egypt.
About 300 mostly of local be found in The
accompanying table (Table 1) shows examples of such including local and scientific names, used, and main active constituents and uses..
as well as in Egyptian
and have taken on the task of studying both wild and cultivated plants with
view to chemical possible
USES. The accompanying list shows the names of plants that studied mainly
both the in Egypt until 1989.
is that h e of some wild plants in Egypt is becoming and
some species with extinction a of such as
the extension of building to many
we calling in Egypt to save such species
extiactioz. ai the collection seeds of such species U d
to find optimum conditions
carried out on squill (Urginea maritima) aná Egyptian henbane (Hyoscyamus muticus) this
native plants cultivated in Egypt such as
species, Thymus spp., Salvia
(LavanduZa osficcincclis), basil (Ocimum basilicurn), plants such as
fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), anise aniwm), (Carum (Cuininum
cyminum), (Corimdrum sativum), (Apircrr,
gt-aveolens), dill (Anethum grmeolew), ajowan (Carum copticurn) and Ammi vìsnsga and Ammi majus. plants include (Trigorzella foenum-graecum), (Hibiscus sabdaTiffa), does (Aloefei-ox, A. vem), sema species (Cassia acutìfolia),
Sm
species safsalf, S. ailm atidS. Olea europea, Egyptian lupin Datum and
Digitalis species
,
belladonna (Atropa belladonna), (Althaea oficinalis), spp., Ambrosìa maritima, Cym,bopogon citratus, proximus, chamomile(Helianthus annuus), henna (Lawsonia inermis), white and black (Sinapis alba,
S. nigra ), psyllium
.
is evident that many many plant species in
common. will be the benefit of all to among themselves and exchange
and the of out on medicinal plants.
1: Some herbal drugs found in the Egyptian market Part used
anthelmiiltic
Laxative, cholagogue Juice
calculi
l
1 1
I I
I
infections
Skin emmenagogue leaves
antispasmodic
Antispasmodic, antisepticjn
1
I I
¿k family
Acacia arabica L. Sant Leguminosae
Acacia famesiana (L.)Willd. Fitnah Leguminosae
Achillea millefolium L.
I
Compositae
l
Acorns calamus L.
I
Qasab ad- AraceaeAllium sativum Thawm
Liliaceae Aloe vera L.
Liliaceae
Althea officinalis h-alvaceae
Ambrosia maritima L.
Compositae Ammi visnaga L.
limbelliferae Ammi majus L.
Umbelliferae
Anacyclus pyrethrum L Compositae
Anastatica hierochuntica Crucìferae
Aizetkurn gnmeokms L.
Umbelljferae Anthemis cotda
Compositae
Apium gmveoiens L.
UnlbelliJerae Amica montana L.
Compositae Artmesia cina
Comvositae
W i i a
shytani qush
Shibith . Sheih
el Fahd Shih balady Artemisia herba-alba
I
ShihCompositae
Balanites aegyptiaca ~~
(L.)
Simarubaceae Bryonia alba L.
Compositae Oqhwan
Calendula oficinalis Cucurbitaceae
el
Cruciferae
Capsella busa-pastoris
~~
Capsicum minimum Solanaceae
Carum carvi L.
Umbelliferae Carum copticum Umbelliferae
Shatt ah
Nakhwah
emmenagogue,
Laxative
Anthelmintic Leaves,
hypoglycemic, laxative seeds, Bark
pdp, seeds
Oleo gum CB hypoglycemic
styles &
Carthamus tinctorius L.
Compositae
Cassia acutifolia Sama makki
Legumtnosae Ceratonia siliqua
Leguminosae
I
Chenopodium ambrosioides L.
Chenopadiaceae
Cichorium intybus L. Shìkowah Compositae
Cinnamomum zeylanicum Lauraceae
Citmllns colocynthis Cucurbitaceae
Citrus limon Laymm
Commiphora mukul L.
UDurseraceae
Coriandrunt sativurn Umbelliferae
Crocus sativus L.
48
antispasmo.dic
Sahlab Glossostemon bruguieri
vulgare Umbelliferae
diseases.
sedative antiseptic
Antislimming, tonic.
haemostatic
Antispasmodic, digestive, galactagogue
emmenagogue.
1
l
' Abbad esh shams
Ussab
1 i
Leaves, R.
1
L.1
b p s
1
kilbiataeheads chammilla L.
I
l
Comvosttael
49
1 I
50
OF
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
l
o.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
2
o.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
25, 2 7.
28.
29.
30.
31, 32.
33.
34.
35.
3 ó.
3 7.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
Abrus precatorius L.
Acacia arabica L.
Acacia farnesiana L.
Acacia senegalensis L.
Achilleafragrantissima Achillea santolina L.
Acokanthera spectabilis Adhatoda vasica Nees Adonis aututnnalis L.
Adonis dentata Aegialophila pumila Aegle marmelos (L.) Con.
Aerva lanata Juss. - Aerva tomentosa
Agave americana L. var. marginata Agave decipiens
Agave sisalana 0:umm.
C
%
Ajuga iva L.
Albizia julibrissin Alhagi maurorum Allium aschersonianum Allium cepa L.
Allium sativum L.
Aloe grandidentata Aloe vera L.
Aithea officimiis L.
klthea rosea L.
kmberboa tubulìjlora Ambrosia maritima L.
hmmi majus L.
Arnmi visnaga L.
Anahasis articulafa L.
Anagallis arvensis L.
Anastatica hierochuntica L.
Anchusa millerì Willd.
hnnona cherimola Annona ghbra L.
Annona muricata L.
Annona squamosa L.
Anthemis nobilis L.
Anthemis pseudocotula Antirrhinum majus L.
Apiurn graveolens L.
Argemone mexicana L.
Arisarum vulgare Schott.
Aristolochia elegans Artemisia absinthium L.
Artemisia argentea
Artemisia argyi Levl. & Vant.
Artemisia cina
Artemisia herba alba L, Artemisia judaica L.
Artemisia monosperma L.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
OO.
101.
102.
103.
Arthrucnemum glaucum Ung -
Asclepias curassavica L.
Asparagus stipularis Aster squamatus L.
Asteriscus graveolens Less.
Astragalus alexandrinus Astragalus boeticus L.
Astragalus cremophilos Astragalus tomentosus Lam.
Astragallus trigonus
Atrocarpus integrfolia Link Atropa belladonna L.
Avicennia officinalis L.
Barleria cristata L.
Bassiß mtu-ico-fa Bauhiaea purpurea L.
Bauhinia variegata L.
Beamontia grandij7ora Wall.
Bolusanthus specìosus Brassica juncea Brassica nigra L.
Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.
Bryonia cretica L.
Calendula arvensis E.
“dendula officinalis L.
Culligonum cornosum Callistemon lanceolatus Callistemon rigidus Calotropis procera Calycodendron milnei A.C.Smith.
Canavalia obtusifolìa Cannaflaccida Salisb.
Canna indica L.
Canna orientalis Cannabis sativa L.
Cardiospernwm halicacabum L.
Carduncellus eriocephalus Carduus getulus
Carduus nutans L.
Carica papaya L.
Carissa carandas L.
Carissa grandiflora Carthamus glaucus alexandrinus
Carthamus mariuticus Carthamus tinctorius L.
Carum copticum Carurn carvi L.
Cassìa acutrgolia Cassia didymobotrya Cassiafistula L.
51
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
Cassia nigricans Cassia obovata Coll.
Cassia siamea Lam.
Cassia spectabilis Catha edulis
Centaurea aegyptiaca Centaurea alexandrina Centaurea calcitrapa Centaurea cineraria L.
Centaurea moschata L.
Centaurea ragusina subsp.
Centaurium pulchellum SW.
Centaurium spicatum (L.) Ceratonia siliqua L.
Cerbera odollarn
Cestrum aurantiacum L i d Cestrum diurnum L.
Cestrcm elegans SchJect.
Chenopodium ambrosiodes Chenopodium murale Corchorus olitorius L.
Chrysanthemum anethijolium Chrysanthemum cinerarifolium Visiani
Chrysanthemum coronarium Chrysanthemum manifohm Cichorilcm inntybiis L.
Cichorizcm pundum Cttrullus colocynthis (L.) Citrus aurantijolia Swingle Citrus aurantiunt L.
Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Citrus aurantium L. var. deliciosa Citrus aurantium L. var. sinensis Citrus bergamia &
Wight &
Am.
Citrus limetta L.
Citrus
(L.)
fil.Citrus nobilis Citrus X paradisi Citrus reticulata Citrus sanguinea Engl.
Citrus triyoliata L.
Cleistopholis patens Cleonze amblycarpa &
Cleome droserifolia Clerodendron inermis L.
Clivia miniata Cocculus laurijolius Coffea arabica L.
Convolvulus althaeoides L.
Convolvulus awensis L.
Convolvulus lanatus Vahl
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
170.
171.
172.
173.
174, 175.
176.
177.
178.
179.
180.
181.
182.
183.
184.
185.
186.
87.
188.
189.
190.
191.
192.
193.
194.
195.
196.
197.
198.
199.
200.
201.
202.
203.
204.
205.
206.
207.
208.
Conyza linijdia Willd.
Cordia myxa L.
Coriandrum sativum L.
Cornulacca monacantha Cotula cinerea
Crinum americanum Crinum augustum Crinum bulbispermum Crotolaria aegyptiaca
Crotolaria madurensis Wight Crucianella maritima L.
Cucumis melo L.
Cucurbita maxima
Cucurbita pepo var. medullosa Alef.
Cuminum cyminum L.
Cupressus arizonica Ccpressus lusitanica Cupressus sempervirens C u m m a l o . ~ g ~
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Taub.
Cymbopogon citratus L.
Cymbopogon nardus Cymbopogon proximus Stapf.
Cy.wrzdropsis pentaphylla Cyperus rotundus L.
Datura discolour Datura fastusa L.
Datura ferox L.
imoxia Datma metek L.
Datua metelolides Datma stramonium L.
Datura stramonium var. inermis S
Vatura tatula L.
Datura tatula L. var. inernlis Daucus carota L. var. boissieri Schweinf.
Daucus glaber Delphinium ajacis L.
Delphinium barbeyi Delphinium belladonna Derris elliptica Digitalis lanata
Digitalis mertonensis Buxt. &
Digitalis parviflora Jacq.
Digitalis purpurea L.
Digitalis purpwea var. miniana Sampaio
Digitalis viridifora Lindl.
Dioscorea opposita Thunb.
Discorea tokoro Dolichoìs lablab L.
Ducrosia ismaelis Duranta plumeri Jacq.
52
209.
210.
211.
212.
213.
214.
215.
21 6.
21 7.
21 8.
219.
22
o.
221.
222.
223.
224.
225.
226.
22 7.
228.
229.
230.
231.
232.
233.
234.
235.
236.
237.
238.
239.
240.
241.
242.
243.
244.
245.
246.
247.
248.
249.
250.
251.
252.
253.
254.
255.
2 56.
257.
258.
259.
260.
Duranta repens L.
Vahl (L.) L.
(L.) Campd.
Schott
Stapf sativcz
Tackl.
L. = L.
caLì$obmica Cham.
LX gracilis Asch & Schweinf
Labiii.
Labill.
citriodora Bailey
L.
01%.
L.
pwalias L.
peplus L.
-Wílid L.
Fagonia arabica L.
Fagonia bruguieri Fagonia cretica L.
Fagonia glutinosa Fagonia mollis Fagonia parviflora Fagopyrum esculentum L.
Farsetia aegyptia Ficus benghalensis Ficus benjamina L.
elastica Ficus platyphylla Fuymaria densiflora Fumaria judaica Glacium9avurn
Glossostemon bruguieri Glycyrrihiuza glabra L.
Gossypium barbadense L.
Haemanthus multiflorus
261.
262.
263.
264.
265.
266.
267.
268.
269.
2 70.
271.
2 72.
2 73.
2 74.
2 75.
276.
277.
2 78.
2 79.
280.
281.
282.
283.
284.
285.
286.
287.
288.
289.
290.
29i.
292.
293.
294.
295.
296.
297.
298.
299.
300.
301.
302.
303.
304.
305.
306.
307.
308.
309.
31 O.
31 1.
312.
Haloxylon salicornicum auct .non Haplophyllum tuberculatum Hedera helix L.
Helianthus annuus L.
Heliotropium digynum Forssk Hemerocallis aurantica Hibiscus sabdarìfa L.
Hippeastrum vittatum
Hyoscyamus albus var. desertorum Hyoscyamus muticus L.
Hyoseris lucida L.
Hypecoum aegyptiacum Asch & Schweinf.
Hyossopus 0J”jirtalis L.
L.
&
Schweinf scabra
var. alba Jasminium mesnyi
Jasminum grandgorum L.
Jasminum sambac &.)Aiton Jasonia montana
Wald)
.Tatropha curcas
Joannesia principzs V A . A. Juss.
Lacturn saligna L.
Lagenaria brevijlora
hgenarie sicerariu Standl.
kantana camara L.
Launea mucronata Launaea nudicaulis (L.) Launaea resedifolia (Willd.) Lunaea spinosa
Lclunaea tenrciloba Laurus nobilis L.
Lavandula officinalis Luwsonia inermis L.
Ligustrum ovalifolium Limonium sinuatum Limonium tubgorum Linum usitatissimum Lotus arabicus Lotus creticus L.
Lupinus termis
Lycium shawii & Sch.
Lycopersicum prumijorme Lygos raetam
L.
Coss.
L.
313.
314.
315.
31 6.
317.
31 8.
319.
320.
321.
322.
323.
324.
325.
326.
32 7.
328.
329.
330, 331.
332.
333.
334.
335.
336.
33 7.
338.
339.
340.
341, 342.
343.
344.
345.
346.
347.
348.
349.
350.
351.
352.
353.
354.
355.
356.
357.
358.
359.
360.
361.
362.
363.
364.
365.
366.
367.
54
L.
L.
L.
L.
L.
L.
(L.) All.
tommasinii piperita L.
pulegium L.
L.
L.
Johnst.
L.
communis L.
tazetfa L.
L.
L.
L.
L.
lotus L.
Ocìmunz basilicurn L.
Ocinum ccwm Sim.
Ocimum gmtissimzcm L.
Qcimum mbrum L.
Ononis vaginalis VahL Opuntia ficus-indica L.
Orchradenus baccatus Origanum majorana L.
Oropordum alexandrinum Oryza sativa L.
Oxandra xylopioides L.
Asch. &
Schweinf.
L.
L.
L.
L.
L.
L.
L.
L.
L.
Willd.
368.
369.
3 70.
371.
3 72.
3 73.
3 74.
3 75.
3 76.
3 77.
3 78.
3 79.
380.
381.
382.
383.
384.
385.
386.
387.
388.
389.
390.
391.
392.
393.
394.
395.
396.
397.
398.
399.
400.
401.
402.
403.
404.
405.
406.
407.
408.
409.
41 O.
411.
412.
413.
414.
415.
41 6.
41 7.
418.
419.
420.
421.
422.
423.
L.
L.
L.
(L.)
L Asch. & Schweinf.
f.) L.
L.
L.
Lag.
FOrSsk.
psyllium L.
Thunb.
L.
L.
Foiycarpaea repens Forssk.
sa1ici;folium L.
L.
(L.) L.
L.
incisa unddata L.
L.
sczleratus L.
cmescens
Jaub §p.
L.
Thunb.
oficinalis L.
L.
Willd.
L.
L.
L.
L.
L.
Saccarum oficinarum L.
Salix babylonica L.
Salk safsafL.
Salix tetrasperma Salvadora persica L.
Salvia aegyptiaca L.
Salvia farenaceae Salvia lanigera
.
Salvia oficinalis L.
Salvia triloba Salvia verbenaca L.
Sambucus nigra
424.
425.
426.
42 7.
428.
429.
430.
431.
432.
433.
434.
435.
436.
437.
438.
439.
440.
441.
442.
443.
444.
445.
446.
447.
448.
449.
459.
451.
452.
453.
454.
455.
456.
457.
458.
459.
460.
461.
462.
Sansevieria cylindrica Santolina chainaecyprissus L.
Saponaria oficinalis L.
Schinus molle L.
Schinus terebinthifolius Scrozonera alexandrina Scrophularia desertii Securinega sufSncticesa Senecio coronopifolius Senecio desfontainei Senecio vulgaris L.
Sequoia sempervirens Endl.
Sesbania aegyptiaca Silene succulenta Silene villosa Solenostemma argei Solanum aviculare Solanum laciniatum Ait.
Solanum macranthum Solanum macrocarpum Solanum melongena L.
Solanum nigrum L.
Solanum o Leraceum L.
Solanum pseudocapsicum L.
Solanum. sodomeum L.
Sonchus macrocarpus Boulas ¿k Sophora,flavexens Ait.
Sophora japonica E.
Sophora secundiflora Sterculia diversifolia Sylibum marianum
6.1
Tcbebuia guayacctn Eeml.
Tabebuia pentaphylla (L.)
Tabemaemontana coronaria Willd.
Tabebuia chrysotricha Standl.
Tabebuia argentea §chum) Tcgetes erecta L.
Tanacetum santolinoides Tecoma stans (L.).
463.
464.
465.
466.
467.
468.
469.
470.
471.
472.
473.
474.
475.
476.
477.
478.
479.
480.
481.
482.
483.
484.
485.
486.
487.
488.
49.
491.
492.
493.
494.
495.
496.
497.
498.
Teucrium polium L.
Thea sinensis Thymelea hirsuta Thymus bovei Benth.
Thymus capitatus
(L.)
&Link
Tithonia diversifolia
Tradescantia bracteata Small Tribulus alatus L.
Trifolium alexandrinum L.
Trigonella foenum-graecum L.
Trigonella maritima Trigonella stellata Urginea maritima L.
Urginea maritima var. pancratium (Steinh.) B&.
Urospermum picroides L.
Valeriam offcinalis Varthemia montanas Wahl.) Verbena oficinalis
Vemonia amygdalina Vicia calcarata Vicia faba L.
Vicia sativa Vinca rosea
Vitex agnus-casfus L.
Witharzia somaifera L- Wrightia coccinea Sims.
Xanthium occidentale Xanthium pungens W&J.
Xanthiunt spinoswn L.
Xylopia aethiopica A.fiich.
ZiZla spinosa
Ziziphus spina-Christi Zygophyllum album L.
Zygophyllumm coccineum L.
Zygophyllum decumbens
5.5
