Abstract Interpretation of FIFO channels
Texte intégral
(2) INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE. Abstract Interpretation of FIFO channels Bertrand Jeannet, Thierry Jéron & Tristan Le Gall. N˚5784 December 2005. ISSN 0249-6399. ISRN INRIA/RR--5784--FR+ENG. Systèmes communicants. apport de recherche.
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(79) WYXJSS'b,wX [9_ªTUqrXP]rX1]rX ¤ m r[ f b,_ª`_o]T i?mi [,TUqrX$lmgQ!·³rb,_rp«bb,_]b,wX L ∈ ℘(Σ × · · · × Σ ) X^pX/r_rX ∗ 1. ∗ n. Receive(L, i, m) = {hw1 , . . . , wi , . . . , wn i|hw1 , . . . , m.wi , . . . , wn i ∈ L}. TUqb,T
(80) b9SS[!Z1`b,TXJSmT[b$SX1T[,P]rX1]rXJSmZJ[9_PTX1_dTSTUqrXo6[SSU`~aXd]rX1]rXJSZJ[9_dTX1_PTSb TX f TUqrX*`_o]T[,bWYXJS'S'b,wX [9_ªTUqrX^d]rX1]rX i ¤ s 1. m.
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(82) ` L `aS f X1]b f Send (L, m) b,_rp Receive (L, m) b f X^b,aS[ f X1]b f ¤ b,_rp −Receive F XZcb,_«_r[c pX/r_rX=T¯[YI]_rZ1TU`a[9_rS −Send −→ −−−−→ : ℘(Q) → ℘(Q) : ℘(Q) → ℘(Q) . i. −−→ Send(X) = λc.. i. [. Send(X(c0 ), i, m). [. Receive(X(c0 ), i, m). (c0 ,i!m,c)∈∆. −−−−−→ Receive(X) = λc.. k rq X f Xcb9pX f Zcb,_NZqrXJZ l TUqb,TGTUqrXJSXpX/r_`TU`a[9_rSb, f XJX`TUqNTUqrX
(83) [9o X f b,TU`a[9_b,SX1WNb,_dTU`aZJSc¤&[ f b}SX1Tg[,;SUT'b,TXJS X −−→ f X1o f XJS'X1_dTS
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(87) T f b,_rSU`TU`a[9_ Send(X) b,_rp Receive(X) f X1o f XJSX1_PTSTUqrX±SX1T[,SUT'b,TXJSTUqb,T\Zcb,_E~6X f Xcb9Z'qrXJp5 f [9Wb SUT'b,TX±[, X b TX f [9_rX©`_o]T −−−−−→ T f b,_rSU`TU`a[9_¶¤ k qd]rSTUqrX}I]_rZ1TU`a[9_ Post : X → X `aSpX/r_rXJp¥~dR Post(x) = −Send(x) −→ −−−−−→ ¤ b9Zqb,~aXX1`TUqrX f `=`TN`aS k qrX f XJZ1] f SU`wXpX/r_`TU`a[9_ [,TUqrX f Xcb9Zqb,~``T¯R SX1T RS S.bJRSYTUqb,T¥b²SUT'b,TX«`aS ∪f XcReceive(x) b,_³`_`TU`b,mST'b,TXM[ f `
(88) `T$`aS$TUqrXN`W\WYXJp`b,TX±SU]rZJZJXJS'S[ f [,*b f Xcb9Zqb,~aX¥SUT'b,TX¤ D X1T Q ~6XYTUqrX©SX1T$[,
(89) `_`TU`b, SUT'b,TXJS7TUqrX1_ RS ∈ ℘(Q) `aS$TUqrXNaXcb9ST^¬!Èo [9`_PT\[,TUqrXNT f b,_rSU X f I]_rZ1TU`a[9_ F : ℘(Q) pX/r_rXJp®b9S → ℘(Q) ¤ F (X) = Q ∪ Post(X) Fb j
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(151) T f ]rX=]o¥T[Nb`wX1_ k ¤ ¶D X1T q , q ∈ Q ~6X}T§m[MST'b,TXJSSU]rZ'qªTUqb,T ∀w ∈ Σ∗, |w| ≤ k + 1 ⇒ col(δ(q , w)) = col(δ(q , w)) ¤ •. X pXJp]rZJXYTUqb,T ∀a ∈ Σ, ∃q ∈ Q, ∃q ∈ Q : q = δ(q , a) ∧ q = δ(q , a) ∧ ∀w ∈ Σ , |w| ≤ k ⇒ ¤ k qrX^SUT'b,TXJS q b,_rp q b9SZqr[S'X1_«`_ªTUqrX [ f W$]bYS'b,TU`aSiXJS q ≈ q ~PR col(δ(q , w)) = col(δ(q , w)) TUqrX}`_rp]rZ1TU`a[9_«qPRPo6[9TUqrXJSU`aScb,_rp±`T`aS
(152) Xcb9SUR©T[\SXJX}TUqb,T
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(178) ½;½M . . ∇. L0i+1 =. i+1. i. ¦ ZJZJ[ f p`_YT[D¶X1W\WNb X=qbcwX L ∪ L ⊆ L ∇L ¤ XNo f [7wX©TUqb,T |Q/ ≈ | `aS$aXJSS[ f XJd]b,mT[¨b«ZJ[9_rSUT'b,_PT\pX1o X1_rp`_¨[9_ k b,_rp |Σ| ¤ k qd]rSTUqrX©SX1T `aSr_`TX¤ {ρ L |L ∈ R(Σ)} r[ f bSUT'b,TX q mXZJ[9_rSU`apX f TUqrX !¯X/¬XJZ1]TU`a[9_«T f XJX[,&pX1oTUq k# F = ;b >±Xcb9Zqª_r[!pX}`aSb,~6X1aXJp¥`TUq bT f `oaX (a, x, i) r`TUq a ∈ Σ ∪ {−} x ∈ Q b,_rp i ≥ 0 = ~ >©TUqrX f [P[9T`aSb,~ X1aXJpª`TUq (−, q, k) = LZ >©`&TUqrX f X`aS*bY_r[PpX^b,~ X1aXJp«`TUq (x, i) `TUq i > 0 b,_rp bT f b,_rS`TU`a[9_ (x, a, y) ∈→ mX^Z f Xcb,TXb S[9_¥b,~6X1aXJp¥~dR (a, y, i − 1) £*_rXZcb,_©ZJ[9a[ f b_r[PpXb,~ X1aXJpM~dR x, i) `TUq col(x) ¤ ¦ ZJZJ[ f p`_T[TUqrX f STpX/r_`TU`a[9_¥[, ≈ wT¯[ SUT'b,TXJS q b,_rp q b f X$`_ TUqrXS'b,WYX(a, XJd]`b,aX1_rZJXZ1b9SS`TUqrX1R¥qbJwXTUqrX$S.b,WYX$ZJ[9a[ f XJpX/¬XJZ1]TU`a[9_ T f XJX¤ Q![TUqrX f X^b f X^b9SWNb,_PR¥XJd]`b,aX1_rZJXZ1b9SSXJS*b9S
(179) ZJ[9a[ f XJpªX/¬XJZ1]TU`a[9_«T f XJX¤ QP`_rZJX^TUqrX^WNb¬!`W$]W ~ f b,_rZq`_¥pX1 f XJX[,gTUq`aST f XJX$`aS |Σ| TUqrX f Xb f Xb,T*WY[ST 2 ]_rZJ[9a[ f XJpT f XJXJS = o f [P[,~dR±`_rp]rZ1TU`a[9_[9_ >/rXcb9Zq T f XJX=qb9S*b,TWY[SUT _r[PpXJS7S[YXcb9Zq T f XJXZcb,_ª~6X=ZJ[9a[ f XJpª`_ b,T WY[SUT 4 mbcR!S7¤ k qd]rSckrX=qbcwX |Q/ ≈ | ≤ 4 |Σ| × 2 ¤ A¤. 1. 2. 1. 2. k. k. k. 1. 2. |Σ|k. k+1. |Σ|k+1. . ©¹ A. k. |Σ|k+1. |Σ|k. J$[g6$[._&
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(190). . 6{5|9, 6,. y "2 |4/5*(y. /. ` TUq¨TUqrX´[ f WNb,gpX/r_`TU`a[9_²`wX1_Eb,~6[cwX¶TUqrX f Xcb9pX f WNbJRqbJwXYS[9WYX\p`NZ1]TU`aXJS^T[±Èb,_rZ1R«TUqrX\X (;XJZ1TS[, TUqrX©`apX1_`_²[9o6X f b,T[ f ¤ D¶X1T L ~ X±b f X1]b f b,_]b,wX¥pXJSZ f `~`_Ab«P]rX1]rX±ZJ[9_dTX1_PTc k b `wX1_³`_PTX1wX f ¤ X$mb,_PT*T[N`wXb,_ `_dTU]TU`a[9_¨[,&TUqrX^SUqb,o6X^[,gTUqrX^b,_]b,wX ρ (L) ¤ X^`]rSUT f b,TX$~dRªS[9WYX$X/¬b,W\oaXJSTUqrX b,oo f [c¬!`WNb,TU`a[9_rSXWNb l X¤ D X1Tg]rSgZJ[9_rSU`apX f M TUqrX
(191) W\`_`WNb,pX1TX f W\`_`aSUTU`aZb,]T[9WNb,T[9_MTUqb,T f XJZJ[9_`µcXJSgTUqrXb,_]b,wX L ¤r[ f Xcb9Zq X/¬rb,W\oaXrmXpX1o`aZ1jT F A¤ M ¤TUqrX}ob f TU`TU`a[9_ [,&SUT'b,TXJSwX f X f b,TXJp«~dR ≈ * ¤TUqrX=d]r[9TU`aX1_PTb,]T[9WNb,T[9_ M˜ f XJZJ[9_`µJ`_ ρ (L) WNbcR²~ XM[cwX f b,oo f [c¬!` ¹ ½ M ¹ cc ¹ k qrXMW^]TU`oaX f X1o6X1TU`TU`a[9_³[,
(192) TUqrX©S'b,WYXYWYXJS'S'b,wX WNb,TXJp~PR b,_`_r_`TX f X1o6X1TU`TU`a[9_²[,GTUqrXS'b,WYX$WYXJSS'b,wX a ¤=¡§gTUqrXSURSUTX1WYS=b,aaa[c.
(193) . S. ab f ~`T f b f RPÈa[9_ªZqb,__rX1 ZJ[9_PTX1_dTScTUq`aSb,oo f [J¬`WNb,TU`a[9_ Zcb,_«]rXJSSTUqrX=`W\`T[,TUqrX}¬!Èo [9`_PTZJ[9W\o]T'b,TU`a[9_¶¤ `aS f XJZJ[9_`µcXJpA~PRTUqrXMb,]T[9WNb,T[9_ M pX1o`aZ1TXJp²`_³`r¤¶yr¤ k qrX $ % h - ¹ k qrX\b,_]b,wX L = {aaaa} T§m[\SUT'b,TXJSmWNb f l XJp±`TUq¥b,_ = `r¤;u >mb f X`_±TUqrX}S'b,WYX}XJP]`9b,aX1_rZJX}Z1b9SS = `TUq k = 1>/S[$TUqrX1R©b f X WYX f wXJp;¤ ]X f XPTUqrX}X (;XJZ1T[,TUqrX`apX1_`_Y[9o X f b,T[ f `aSmT[Z f Xcb,TXb^a[P[9o F ∇ L = {a |i ≥ 3} = `r0¤ m;>/¤ ¡§_¥TUq`aSX/¬b,W\oaXTUqrX`_ [ f WNb,TU`a[9_ªmXa[![SX}`aSTUqrX=_P]W^~6X f [,WYXJSS'b,wXJS a ¤ k. L. L. k. L. k. ∗. L. 1. a. a. a. a. `] f X=y0F ¦ ]T[9WNb,T[9_ f XJZJ[9_`µJ`_ a. a. x. x. L = {aaaa}. a. a. `] f X^u[F G$ d]`b,aX1_rZJX^Z1b9SS'XJS[, ≈ a. x. a. i. 1. a. a. `] f X m[F ¦ ]T[9WNb,T[9_ f XJZJ[9_`µJ`_. ρ1 (L) = {aaaa∗ }. TUqrX=`apX1_`_©[9o X f b,T[ f WNbJR±WYX f wX^S[9WYX[ f p«[, L `TUq«[ f pS ½ M -I0I ¹ ¡§ [, L ¤ k q`aSb,oo f [c¬!`WNb,TU`a[9L_=WNbJLR¥SU+`W\Lo` R©TUqrX^b,]T[9WNb,T[9_¶¤ `aS f XJZJ[9_`µcXJpY~dRTUqrXb,]T[9WNb,T[9_ M pX1o`aZ1TXJp\`_M`r¤!v!¤ k qrX $ % h - ¹ k qrXb,_]b,wX L = {aac + bad} T§m[\SUT'b,TXJSmWNb fl XJp±`TUq¥b,_ = `r¤x;>mb f X`_±TUqrX}S'b,WYX}XJP]`9b,aX1_rZJX}Z1b9SS = `TUq k = 1>/S[$TUqrX1R©b f X WYX f wXJp;¤ k qrX f XJSU]T`aS*TUqrX$b,_]b,wX ∇ L = {(a + b)a(c + d)} = `r¤ e¤
(194) ¡¯_«TUq`aS}X/¬b,W\oaXX$a[![SX TUqrXo f [9o X f T¯R !§` mX}qbJwX=b,_ b b,TTUqrX~6X1`_`_[,TUqrX}d]rX1]rX!TUqrX1_±X}qbcwX} b %Z b,TTUqrX}X1_rp;!X1aS'X}b p ¤ # 1. 2. 1. 2. L. 1. >?s7>@.
(195) a. a. c. b. a. d. `] f Xv%F ¦ ]T[9WNb,T[9_ f XJZJ[9_`µJ`_ a. x. b. x. L = {aac + bad}. a. c. a. d. `] f X^x[F G$ d]`b,aX1_rZJX^Z1b9SS'XJS[, ≈ a. 1. c. a. x a. b. d. `] f X e[F ¦ ]T[9WNb,T[9_ f XJZJ[9_`µJ`_. ρ1 (L) = {(a + b)a(c + d)}. %¶¹ 0 I\ ¾ h
(196) ¹ 7%¶¹ {]rXgT[TUqrXG¡¯£5SUT f ]rZ1TU] f Xm[,TUqrXZJ[9W\W^]_`aZcb,TU`a[9_\Zqb,__rX1aS7[9] f b,oo f [J¬`WNb,TU`a[9_ W$]rSUT
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(204) ½;½ M D X1T ˜ TUqrXmd]r[9TU`aX1_PTMb,]T=[9WN(Q,b,T[9Q_¶¤g, QPQ`_rZJ, X→)L ⊆ ρ (L) ,TUqrXGo f X/¬XJS = b,_rp$S] \¬XJS>;[, L b f Xb,aS[
(205) o f X/L¬XJS = b,_r(p^Q,˜SU]Σ,\Q¬˜XJS,> Q˜ , →) [, ρ L ¤ X=W$]rSUT
(206) o f [cwXTUqrXZJ[9_dwX f SX¤ ¡§ a ∈ Σ `aS¥bEo f X/¬ [,^aX1_TUq A[,bA[ f p [, ρ (L)
(207) TUqrX1_ TUqrX f X`aS q ∈ Q˜ q ∈ Q˜ SU]rZq TUqb,T ¤ k qrX=pX/r_`TU`a[9_ª[,TUqrX=ZJ[9a[ f ]_rZ1TU`a[9_ªX1_rSU] f XJSTUqb,T q `aS
(208) b,aS[\b,_¥`_`TU`b,¶SUT'b,TX}[, M S[ a `aS (q , a, q) ∈ → bo f X/¬¥[,a˜X1_TUq A=[, L ¤ k [$X1_rpMTUqrX*o f [P[,UwmXo f [7wX*~PR\`_rp]rZ1TU`a[9_±TUqb,Tcd`¶TUqrX f X*`aSb$SXJP]rX1_rZJX q → q → . . . → q b,a[cXJp±~PR TUqrX$d]r[9TU`aX1_PTb,]T[9WNb,T[9_¶`TUq q ∈ Q˜ b,_rp l ≤ k TUqrX1_ TUqrX f X$b f X l + 1 SUT'b,TXJS q ∈ q , q ∈ q , . . . , q q SU]rZ'qªTUqb,jT F q → q → . . . → q `aSb,a[cmXJpª~dR M = [9~d!`a[9]rS´[ f k = 0>/¤ D X1T q → q → . . . → q ~ X¥bSXJP]rX1_rZJX©wX f `IR!`_¨TUqrX±ZJ[9_rp`TU`a[9_rSc¤ k qrX1_®TUqrX f Xªb f X l SUT'b,TXJS q ∈ S]rZq¥TUqb,jT F q → . . . → q `aSb,a[7XJp ~dR M = `_rp]rZ1TU`a[9_«qdR!o6[9TUqrXJSU`aS >/¤ q ,...,q ∈ q ·[ f XJ[cwX f ∃q ∈ q , q ∈ q , q → q = pX/ _`TU`a[9_«[,TUqrX^d]r[9TU`aX1_PTb,]T[9WNb,T[9_ >/¤mQ![YX=qbcwX=T§m[NSUT'b,TXJS ¦ ZJZJ[ f p`_T[ªTUqrX\ f ST$pX/r_`TU`a[9_®[, ≈ SU`_rZJX |a . . . a | ≤ k ∃q ∈ q . . . q ∈ q SU]rZ'qATUqb,T q ≈ q `aSb,a[7XJp ~dR M ¤mQ![ q → q → . . . → q ¤ q → ... → q 0. 0. f. k. k. 0. k. 0. 0. 0. a1. 1. 2 a2. 1 a1. 1. 2. f. 2 k 0 a2 2. 0 2. ak. a2. a1. f. 2. f a2. al. 2. 0 a1 1. 2. 0 1. 1. 0 2. . s 1. 0 f. 1. 2. 2. f f. 2. f 0 2. 2. k. al. f. 1. f. f. al. f. al. a2. 2. 0 a1 1. 0 a2 2. al. 0 f. l. 0 3. 3. 0 f. f. f.
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