Topology of ferroelectric polarization at the BaTiO3(001) surface from ab initio calculations and electron microscopy-spectroscopy
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![Figure 2.7.: Total energy (meV/u.c.) of bulk BaTiO 3 in the paraelectric P4/mmm and ferro- ferro-electric Amm2 and P4mm (polarization along [110] and [001], respectively) as a function of in-plane lattice constant a](https://thumb-eu.123doks.com/thumbv2/123doknet/12739434.357752/59.894.179.714.442.773/figure-paraelectric-electric-polarization-respectively-function-lattice-constant.webp)
![Figure 3.5.: Energy (meV/u.c.) of the in-plane polarized aa phase (polarization along [110]) relative to the paraelectric p phase (zero polarization), as a function of in-plane strain, for both BaO (blue circles) and TiO 2 (gray triangles) terminations](https://thumb-eu.123doks.com/thumbv2/123doknet/12739434.357752/69.894.234.658.114.407/polarized-polarization-relative-paraelectric-polarization-function-triangles-terminations.webp)
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