Cancer is Personal

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GoAls, objeCtives And MeAsures

Cancer is Personal

20 15-2020

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Introduction ... 1

ACC’s Role: Convening the Cancer Plan ...4

Reducing Cancer Incidence through Prevention ...5

CANCERS Lung Cancer... 10

Colorectal Cancer ...18

Breast Cancer ...21

Prostate Cancer...26

Oral Cancer... 29

Skin Cancer... 33

Cervical Cancer... 36

ADDITIONAL CANCERS Palliative Care ...41

Survivorship...46

Surveillance & Evaluation...50

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PuRPOSE

The purpose of the Arkansas Cancer Plan (ACP) is to serve as an outline for what can and should be done at the state and local levels for cancer prevention, detection, and care efforts in Arkansas. It identifies activities for coordinated action by government, the private sector, the nonprofit sector, and Arkansas’s citizens and communities.

This plan is a living document; and will serve as a guide for individuals and organizations in the fight against cancer.

Recognizing the need to dramatically impact the cancer burden in our state, the Arkansas Cancer Coalition (ACC), Arkansas’s statewide comprehensive cancer control partnership, has updated the ACP.

WhO ShOuLD uSE ThIS PLAN? ALL ARkANSANS!

• Business owners and employers

• Cancer survivors

• Caregivers

• Community-based organizations

• Consumers

• Corporations

• Educators

• Faith-based organizations

• Fraternities

• Government agencies

• Health-care organizations

• Media

• Minority and underserved populations

• Payers and insurance providers

• Physicians and health-care providers

• Professional organizations

• Public health departments

• Public policy advocates

• Sororities

• Universities and researchers

If you are not sure where to start, become a member of the ACC by visiting us online at www.arcancercoalition.org.

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ThE BuRDEN Of CANCER

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in our state, and if current trends continue, cancer may become the leading cause of death within the next decade, surpassing the current number one cause –cardiovascular disease. According to the American Cancer Society, one in four deaths is attributed to cancer. In 2015, an alarming 1,658,370 new cancer cases are estimated to be diagnosed, and 589,430 people are estimated to die due to cancer in the United States (Cancer Facts & Figures 2015). Approximately 14,879 Arkansans were diagnosed with cancer, and 5,372 died of cancer in Arkansas in 2013 (Arkansas Central Cancer Registry, n.d.).

ThE COST Of CANCER

Besides the toll in human suffering from cancer, there are huge economic costs that result from the direct and indirect costs of the disease. Direct costs of cancer include medical costs associated with services that patients receive, including hospitalizations, surgery, physician visits, and radiation and chemotherapies. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) estimates that the overall cost of cancer in 2009 was $216.6 billion: $86.6 billion for direct medical costs (total of all health expenditures) and $130 billion for indirect mortality costs (cost of lost productivity due to premature death) (Yabroff, Lund, Kepka, & Marioto, 2011).

Cost of Cancer Care by Phase of Care, All Sites, All Ages, Male and Female, in 2010 Dollars

Cost ($) per Year (in millions)

80,000

60,000

40,000

20,000

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PRIORITy CANCERS

The new ACP reflects emerging needs, new issues in cancer prevention, detection,

and care, and an enhanced understanding of the process—an understanding that has been gained from years of experience working with stakeholder organizations in the

state. In 2012, ACC members decided to focus efforts on seven priority cancers for this cancer plan:

• Breast • Skin

• Cervical • Oral

• Colorectal • Prostate

• Lung

We have added two emerging cancer focus areas:

• Bone metastasis • Cancer genomics

After many months of discussion, review of the science, and reflection on past successes, it remains clear that the burden of cancer in Arkansas can be dramatically reduced if

evidence-based practices in prevention, early detection, and care are made available to all Arkansans. Thus, the goal of the ACP is to coordinate and advance specific, proven cancer control strategies across the state by putting into practice goals and objectives in the following areas:

• Lung Cancer • Oral Cancer

• Colorectal Cancer • Skin Cancer

• Breast Cancer • Cervical Cancer

• Prostate Cancer

References

American Cancer Society. (2015). Cancer facts & figures 2015. Retrieved from

http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@editorial/documents/document/acspc-044552.pdf

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ACC’s Role: Convening the Cancer Plan

ACC’s mission is to facilitate and provide partnerships to reduce the human suffering and economic burden from cancer for the citizens of Arkansas.

The Coalition works to:

• Provide an overview of the current status of cancer control in Arkansas

• Strengthen and sustain the cancer-control partnership and support network

• Provide and maintain a plan of goals and strategies through the ACP

ACC GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

Goal 1: Develop and maintain active partnerships.

Objective 1:1 From July 1, 2015 to June 30, 2020, maintain organizational infrastructure that complies with ACC policies and procedures and supports implementation of the ACP.

Objective 1:2 From July 1, 2015 to June 30, 2020, maintain, promote, and expand ACC’s partnership with a focus on decreasing the membership gap in unrepresented or underrepresented counties from 14 to 5.

Goal 2: Enhance health-care professionals’ knowledge, skills, and practices regarding cancer prevention and early detection.

Objective 2:1 From July 1, 2015 to June 30, 2020, increase health-care professionals’

knowledge and skills needed to prevent and detect cancer as evidenced by pre- and post-test assessment evaluations.

Goal 3: fully implement cancer surveillance in Arkansas.

Objective 3:1 From July 1, 2015 to June 30, 2020, develop and maintain a database to track and house cancer-control data from ACC grantees, work groups, and partners.

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through Prevention

GOAL

Reduce the number of new cancer cases, as well as the illness, disability, and death caused by cancer in Arkansas.

OBJECTIVES

The following objectives for cancer prevention through life-style change are taken from the Arkansas Healthy People 2020.

1. By 2020, reduce the overall cancer death rate from 200.2 to 180.2 per 100,000 2. By 2020, increase the proportion of adults who are at a healthy weight from

27.7% to 30.5%

3. By 2020, reduce the proportion of adults who are obese from 30.0% to 20.0%

4. By 2020, reduce the proportion of children and adolescents who are obese from 21% to 18.9%

5. By 2020, increase the contribution of fruits to the diets of the population aged 2 years and older from 1.7 to 1.9 servings per day

6. By 2020, increase the contribution of total vegetables to the diets of the population aged two years and older from 2.2 servings to 2.4 servings per day

7. By 2020, increase the proportion of adults that meet current federal physical activity guidelines for aerobic physical activity and for muscle strength training from 41.2% to 51.2%

8. By 2020, increase the proportion of adolescents that meet current federal physical activity guidelines for aerobic physical activity and for muscle strength training from 24.3% to 26.7%

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STRATEGIES

• Develop collaborative relationships with city planners and private developers,

government officials, and grassroots citizens to increase the public’s understanding of the level of importance of the built environment and tobacco-free policies.

• Utilize schools and work sites as health promotion venues, reaching Arkansas students and adults for the purpose of creating a culture of health and changing unhealthy behaviors around tobacco use, obesity, and physical inactivity.

• Implement a statewide campaign to increase public awareness of effects of obesity, physical inactivity, and tobacco use on health.

• Provide recommendations to Arkansans on how to include physical activity in their daily schedules.

• Encourage parent or family support through provision of information on environmental strategies to reduce access to television, video games, and computers.

• Encourage technology-supported, multicomponent weight coaching or counseling interventions intended to maintain weight loss.

• Improve access to affordable and nutritious foods in all communities (farmers’ markets, community gardens, co-ops, farm-to-school/farm-to-table, local growers). Disclose where foods are grown.

• Encourage and assist organizations and state and local government entities to adopt healthy guidelines or policies for food and beverages for catered meals, events, and vending machines.

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MEASuRES

Goal/Objectives Baseline Target Data

Source

AL Reduce the overall 200.2 per 180.2 per ADH Mortality

GO cancer death rate 100,000 in 2007 100,000 in 2020 Query System

OBJECTIVES

OBJECTIVES

Increase the proportion of adults who are at a healthy weight.

27.7% of adult Arkansans are normal weight

BRFSS 2013

30.5% Target setting method:

10% improvement BRFSS

Reduce the proportion of adults who are obese.

30.0% of adult Arkansans are obese

BRFSS 2013

10% improvement BRFSS

Reduce the proportion of children and adolescents who are obese.

AR Public School Students were obese in the

2009- 2010 school year.

All 21% obese

All 18.9% ACHI

For adults 18 and over:

*Increase the contribution For adults 18 and over: 1.9 servings or 1.0 of fruits to the diets of the

population aged 2 years and older.

1.7 servings or 0.9 servings per 1000 kcal†

ARCHES 2007

servings per 1000 kcal Target setting method:

10% improvement

N/A

OBJECTIVES

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MEASuRES

Source

VES

*Increase the contribution of total vegetables to the diets of the population aged 2 years and older.

2.2 servings or 1.2 servings per 1000 kcal

ARCHES 2007

2.4 servings or 1.3 servings per 1000 kcal

Target setting method: 10%

Increase the proportion of

adults that meet current Percent of adults that meet

OBJECTI

Federal physical activity

guidelines for aerobic current guidelines for physical activity

51.2% Target setting

method: trend BRFSS

physical activity and for (BRFSS): 2013 - 41.2%

muscle strength training.

Increase the proportion of adolescents that meet current physical activity guidelines for aerobic physical activity and for muscle-

Percent Physically active at least 60 minutes per day

7 days per week:

2009 - 24.3%

10% improvement

YRBS

strengthening activity.

OBJECTIVES

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Cancer Chapters

Goals, Objectives, and Strategies

1

Lung Cancer

2

Colorectal Cancer

3

Breast Cancer

4

Prostate Cancer

5

Oral Cancer

6

Skin Cancer

7

Cervical Cancer

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GOAL

Reduce deaths from lung cancer in Arkansas.

OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES

Objective 1: Increase barriers to youth and young adult access to tobacco products and Electronic Smoking Devices (ESD), and promote tobacco abstinence.

Strategy 1:1 Activate TPCP leadership to increase partnerships with state agencies, institutions, and nonprofits to create systems change to include the integration of tobacco prevention and secondary intervention among youth and young adults.

Strategy 1:2 Collaborate with media partners to develop communications that are designed to discourage initiation among youth and that include appropriate messages for women who are in the pre-pregnancy stage.

Strategy 1:3 Collaborate with media partners and subgrantees to denormalize tobacco/

ESD use through educational and interactive projects at the local and state level.

Strategy 1:4 Engage and empower young people to recognize and react to tobacco industry marketing and promotion through media literacy and investigation of the truth initiative’s Tobacco Documents Library.

Strategy 1:5 Advocate and encourage significantly increased penalties for violations of tobacco-free laws.

Strategy 1:6 Advocate for significant tobacco tax increases and significant increases in retail permit fees for all tobacco products, including ESDs.

Strategy 1:7 Advocate for increasing the legal age to purchase nicotine products.

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Objective 2: Reduce tobacco/ESD use and associated disease burden by changing systems to incorporate clinical practice guidelines for treating tobacco use and dependence.

Strategy 2:1 Increase the number of practitioners who have received nationally accredited training on tobacco treatment.

Strategy 2:2 Expand reach and capacity for tobacco/ESD cessation treatment through professional development training.

Strategy 2:3 Promote expansion of insurance coverage and utilization of proven

tobacco/ESD cessation treatments to the benefit level defined in the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program.

Strategy 2:4 Integrate standardized evidence-based cessation curricula at all colleges and universities including medical, nursing, dental, mental health, substance abuse, and allied health programs to address tobacco/ESD use.

Strategy 2:5 Integrate Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence

and ensure that Brief Tobacco Interventions are implemented at all existing medical, dental, mental health, and substance abuse facilities.

Strategy 2:6 Integrate Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence through all federal- and state-supported agencies and institutions to include disparate populations.

Objective 3: Promote quitting nicotine and other tobacco-related products, including smokeless products, through multimedia communications and environmental and system changes.

Strategy 3: Engage and empower nicotine addicts to face the challenges of cessation.

Strategy 3:2 Educate health-care professionals as to the necessity for treatment of nicotine addiction as an essential part of any medical issue.

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Strategy 3:3 Engage stakeholders on opportunities for increased knowledge and an expanded awareness of the treatment and prevention of lung cancer.

Strategy 3:4 Recognize and challenge industry efforts to gain weight-based spit tobacco taxes.

Strategy 3:5 Recognize and challenge harm reduction marketing strategies of spit and electronic nicotine delivery.

Strategy 3:6 Increase utilization of the Arkansas Tobacco Quitline and its services including individual (age/ethnicity/special populations) confidential phone/web-based counseling, pharmacotherapy (patches, gum, lozenges, Varenicline, and others), and written resource materials.

Strategy 3:7 Increase partnerships with other state agencies, institutions, and nonprofits to create systems changes to include the integration of tobacco/ESD cessation.

Strategy 3:8 Advocate and encourage policies requiring that 1-800-Quit-Now be prominently displayed at every tobacco and nicotine retail register.

Strategy 3:9 Conduct robust industry-focused counter marketing in all media.

Objective 4: Increase the number of Arkansans who report learning, living, playing, working, and worshipping in smoke-free and vapor-free environments.

Strategy 4:1 Advocate for adoption of and compliance with smoke-free policies and include ESD in those policies.

Strategy 4:2 Advocate for adoption of and compliance with tobacco and ESD-free policies, including the establishment of smoke-free and ESD-free multi-unit housing.

Strategy 4:3 Advocate for and encourage reform of the Clean Air Act of 2006 from being complaint-driven to license-dependent.

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Strategy 4:4 Conduct robust industry-focused counter marketing in all media.

Strategy 4:5 Assess and evaluate enforcement of all tobacco-free laws and policies.

Strategy 4:6 Integrate efforts to eliminate secondhand and third-hand smoke-related disparities among Arkansans.

Strategy 4:7 Advocate and encourage policies establishing smoke-free and tobacco-free multi-unit housing.

Objective 5: Ensure that all lung cancer patients in Arkansas have access to a mutual and excellent quality of care.

Strategy 5:1 Help establish Health Insurance Marketplaces in Arkansas to expand access to coverage for individuals and small businesses, reduce administrative expenses, and increase competition.

Strategy 5:2 Provide coverage with premium and cost-sharing assistance through the Health Insurance Marketplace for people who cannot afford to purchase insurance on their own.

Strategy 5:3 Work with the Arkansas Legislature, Department of Health, and

Department of Human Services to expand Medicaid coverage for more low-income Americans.

Strategy 5:4 Reduce the prescription drug coverage gap (the “donut hole”) for those receiving the Medicare Prescription Drug benefit.

Strategy 5:5 Work with states, communities, private organizations, and grantees to provide outreach and enrollment assistance and to enforce the market reform provisions of the Affordable Care Act.

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Objective 6: Present annual symposia of advocates and physicians with the purpose of encouraging communication between patients and caregivers, helping both groups more fully understand the disease.

Strategy 6:1 Facilitate and organize effective gatherings of stakeholders.

Objective 7: Educate stakeholders on the availability of board-certified physicians and caregivers and treatment options in Arkansas.

Strategy 7:1 Create and publicize a database of board-certified physicians and other caregivers related to tobacco use and lung cancer treatment in Arkansas.

Strategy 7:2 Encourage and facilitate all opportunities for clinical trials in lung cancer.

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MEASuRES

Source

GOAL

Reduce lung cancer

death rates 58.9 per 100,000 53.0 per 100,000

Target setting method:

10% improvement

ADH Query System, ICD-10 Causes of Death Reports for 2012 accessed August 13, 2015, provisional data

OBJECTIVES

Reduce tobacco use by adults.

(1.1) Cigarette smoking (1.2) Smokeless tobacco products

(1.3) Cigars

(1.1) 25.9%

BRFSS 2013 (1.2) 6.9%

BRFSS 2013 (1.3) Not Available

(1.1) 23.3%

10% improvement (1.2) 6.2%

10% improvement (1.3) Not Available

(1.1) BRFSS (1.2) BRFSS (1.3) Not Available

Reduce tobacco use by adolescents.

(2.1) Tobacco Products (past month)

(2.2) Cigarettes (past month) (2.3) Smokeless tobacco products (2.4) Cigars

(2.1) 26.5%

YRBS 2013 (2.2)19.1%

YRBS 2013 (2.3) 14.8%

YRBS 2013 (2.4) 17.1%

YRBS 2013

(2.1) 23.9%

10% improvement (2.2) 17.2%

10% improvement (2.3) 13.3% Target setting method: 10%

improvement (2.4) 15.4% Target setting method: 10%

improvement

YRBSS

OBJECTIVES

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MEASuRES

Source

OBJECTIVES

Increase smoking cessation attempts by adult smokers (3.1) Increase smoking cessation attempts in the past 12 months by adult smokers

(3.2) Increase smoking cessation attempts using evidence-based strategies by adult smokers

(Developmental)

(3.1) 58.4%

BRFSS 2013 (3.2) Data Unavailable

(3.1) 64.4%

10% improvement (3.2) Data Unavailable

BRFSS

Increase recent smoking cessation success by adults

smokers (4.1) 27.3% for

tobacco users who (4.1) Increase smoking

cessation success by adults smokers

used NRT and/or counseling through the Arkansas Tobacco

(4.1) 30%

10% improvement

Arkansas Tobacco Quitline Evaluation

Report FY2013 (4.2) Increase smoking

cessation attempts using

Quitline

UALR IOG 2013 (4.2) Data Unavailable UALR IOG evidence-based strategies (4.2) Data Unavailable

by adult smokers (Developmental)

OBJECTIVES

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MEASuRES

Source

TIVES

Increase smoking cessation attempts by adolescent smokers

48.8%

YRBS 2013

53.7%

Target setting method: 10%

improvement YRBSS

Increase comprehensive

Medicaid insurance AR Medicaid covers All NRT, All FDA-approved

coverage of evidence- patch, gum, Bupropion, medication, and AR Medicaid

OBJEC based treatment for Varenicline, counseling counseling without barriers

nicotine dependency.

Reduce the illegal sales rate to minors through enforcement of laws prohibiting the sale of tobacco products to minors

(7) 3.4%

Synar FY2011

(7) 3.1% Target setting method:

10% improvement Synar FY 2011

OBJECTIVES

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GOAL

Reduce deaths from colorectal cancer in Arkansas.

Objective 1: By 2020, increase the proportion of adults who receive a colorectal cancer screening based on the most recent guidelines from 61.5% to 67.7%.

Strategy 1:1 Facilitate the dissemination of appropriate educational material to include prevalence and risk of colorectal cancer, in communities, work sites, and organizations with significant minority populations, through public health agencies, the internet, and social media.

Strategy 1:2 Collaborate with partner organizations to disseminate educational materials to include signs and symptoms and screening guidelines on colorectal cancer, and

promote them to the public, community, and health professionals.

Strategy 1:3 Partner with other cancer-focused community organizations to promote education and colorectal cancer screening programs for at-risk and underserved populations.

Strategy 1:4 Identify and utilize a symbol (similar to breast cancer pink ribbon) to increase colorectal cancer awareness.

Strategy 1:5 Support patient navigator programs that address cultural, access, and economic barriers to colorectal cancer screening, and direct patients in need to further services with timely and appropriate follow-up care.

Strategy 1:6 Support and promote targeted intervention programs that promote colorectal cancer screening.

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Strategy 1:7 Educate and increase trained work force who can perform quality CRC screenings.

Strategy 1:8 Develop regional colorectal cancer screening referral lists.

Strategy 1:9 Target appropriate disparate populations for screening and education.

Objective 2: By 2020, decrease the incidence of invasive colorectal cancer by increasing early detection from 41.5 per 100,000 to 37.4 per 100,000.

Strategy 2:1 Increase public awareness about colorectal cancer.

Strategy 2:2 Educate legislators and policymakers on the importance of colorectal cancer prevention and early detection.

Strategy 2:3 Collect data from existing programs and services that provide colorectal screening to show needs in rural areas of state.

Strategy 2:4 Utilize state Standard Mortality Ratios (SMR) data (Arkansas Cancer Facts & Figures 2011) to target counties with rates of CRC mortality higher than statewide rates.

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MEASuRES

Goal/Objective Baseline Target Data Source

GOAL

Reduce deaths from

colorectal cancer 14.5 per 100,000 in 2013

(provisional mortality data) 13.1 per 100,000

in 2020 ADH Query

System

OBJECTIVE

Increase the proportion of adults who receive a colorectal cancer screening based on the most recent guidelines.

61.5% in 2012 67.7 % in 2020 BRFSS

Decrease incidence of invasive

colorectal cancer 41.5 per 100,000 in 2011 37.4 per 100,000 in 2020

Arkansas Cancer Registry

Query System

OBJECTIVES

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Breast Cancer

GOAL

Reduce deaths from female breast cancer in Arkansas.

Objective 1: By 2020, increase the proportion of women aged 40 years and older who have received a breast cancer screening from 67% to 78%.

Strategy 1:1 Reduce structural barriers such as hours of operations and lack of transportation that make it harder for women to receive screenings.

Strategy 1:2 Encourage system changes that promote provider-based reminders, follow-up, and case-management systems.

Strategy 1:3 Promote work-site wellness policies that facilitate breast cancer

prevention and screening efforts, such as work-time release to obtain cancer-related screening services.

Strategy 1:4 Collaborate with local organizations to promote public awareness and outreach that are plain language and culturally appropriate, especially targeting women who are never or rarely screened.

Strategy 1:5 Increase professional development aimed at health-care professionals promoting dissemination of clinical guidelines for breast cancer screening and follow- up. Work with health-care professionals utilizing Electronic Health Records (EHRs) to make sure all recommended cancer screenings are up to date with all patients they see on a regular basis.

Strategy 1:6 Develop messaging and/or targeted outreach for use by the media and providers to increase prevention and breast cancer screening rates, incorporating steps to target identified disparate populations (age, income, disability, rural–urban location, and race or ethnic status) and groups that experience high mortality rates from breast cancer, including African-American and Hispanic women.

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Strategy 1:7 Evaluate the impact of stage-shift with correlation of the Affordable Care Act and receipt of insurance including the Arkansas private-option enrollees and any future Medicaid-expansion enrollees.

Strategy 1:8 Work with all health insurance companies covering Arkansans to secure screening data and work with them to increase utilization.

Strategy 1:9 Assist work sites with cancer screening awareness of their employees and work with them to increase screening utilization by their employees.

Strategy 1:10 Increase awareness of assistance and support available to women through the Arkansas Department of Health BreastCare™ program or the American Cancer Society.

Objective 2: By 2020, decrease the incidence of late-stage disease of female breast cancer from 6.7 per 100,000 to 5.5 per 100,000 for women of all ages who have been diagnosed with breast cancer.

Strategy 2:1 Advocate for adequate funding for patient navigation (screening and diagnostic services and treatment) through BreastCare for uninsured and underinsured women.

Strategy 2:2 Promote coverage and access to counseling for risk reduction strategies (such as weight management and exercise, genetic counseling and testing when appropriate, chemoprevention, avoiding or reducing combination hormone therapy after menopause, risk-reducing surgery, minimizing radiation exposure, and other strategies as they develop).

Strategy 2:3 Increase research to identify modifiable risk factors for breast cancer.

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Strategy 2:4 Provide appropriate follow-up care to women with inherited cancer syndromes associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.

Strategy 2:5 Promote patient navigation through professional education and formalization of a task force on patient navigation.

Strategy 2:6 Develop and implement a data collection plan that shows the value of patient navigation.

Strategy 2:7 Raise awareness of the efficacy and efficiency of navigation to advocate for reimbursement of patient navigation.

Strategy 2:8 Work with the ACS on their Community Health Advisor program to increase awareness and expansion in Arkansas.

Objective 3: By 2020, increase the number of women living in rural communities who have received breast cancer screening and diagnostic services and appropriate treatment.

Strategy 3:1 Develop a comprehensive breast cancer screening program and statewide mammography coordination plan to address the 27 counties that are without facilities or that aren’t covered by the five mobile units in the state. (Measure change in screening and outcomes in these counties.)

Strategy 3:2 Improve access to services through transportation grants.

Strategy 3:3 Provide funding to maintain, repair, or purchase mammography equipment for hospitals or clinics in rural communities.

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Objective 4: By 2020, increase the proportion of breast cancer survivors who are living five years or longer after diagnosis. Baselines vary by stage-at-diagnosis.

Strategy 4:1 Increase the number of women utilizing community resources (by making sure they are listed in the ACS Cancer Resource Network), support groups, and

programs like the ACS Reach to Recovery and Look Good Feel Better programs.

Strategy 4:2 Provide access to and funding for lymphedema education, management, and treatment, and increase availability of prosthetic devices to mastectomy patients.

Objective 5: By 2020, increase the number of appropriate referrals of women with breast cancer diagnosis meeting current guidelines for genetic counseling and genetic testing.

Strategy 5:1 Educate health-care providers, policymakers, and community support groups about guidelines for genetic counseling and genetic testing.

Strategy 5:2 Advocate for all commercial health insurance plans to cover mammograms for women starting at age 40 and cover BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing and counseling for women who have a family history of breast and ovarian cancer.

Strategy 5:3 Advocate for funding to cover genetic counseling and testing.

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MEASuRES

Goal/Objectives Baseline Target Data Source

GOAL

Reduce the female breast

cancer death rate 17.8 per 100,000 in 2013 (provisional mortality data)

16 per 100,000 in 2020.

10% decrease.

ADH Mortality Query System

OBJECTIVES

Increase the proportion of women aged 40 years and older who have received a breast cancer screening in the past two years.

67% in 2012 78% in 2020 BRFSS

Decrease the incidence of late-stage disease of female breast cancer.

6.7 per 100,000 in 2011 (distant stage)

5.5 per 100,000 in 2020 (distant stage)

Arkansas Cancer Registry

Increase the number of women living in rural communities who have received breast cancer screening and diagnostic services and appropriate treatment.

To be developed Not available Not available

Increase the proportion of breast cancer survivors who are living five years or longer after diagnosis.

5-year overall survival of female breast cancer in Arkansas: 90% between

2001–2008

5-year overall survival of female breast cancer in Arkansas:

99%. Target setting method:

10% increase

Arkansas Cancer Facts and Figures 2011.

Increase the number of appropriate referrals of women with breast cancer diagnosis meeting current guidelines for genetic counseling and genetic testing.

To be developed Not available Not available

OBJECTIVES

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GOAL

Reduce the deaths from prostate cancer in Arkansas.

Objective 1: Increase awareness and public education about prostate cancer.

Strategy 1:1 Develop initiatives to raise awareness of prostate cancer risk factors and symptoms of prostate health issues.

Strategy 1:2 Collaborate with key stakeholders (APCF volunteers, advocacy

groups, health-care organizations, faith-based groups, workplaces) to provide public education about prostate cancer within communities across the state, especially in underserved populations.

Strategy 1:3 Educate in a culturally sensitive way and distribute targeted information to men at higher risk of prostate cancer, specifically African-American males and men with a family history of one or more first-degree relatives diagnosed with prostate cancer.

Strategy 1:4 Distribute prostate cancer educational information to health-care providers and to the general public addressing differences in culture, age, and health-literacy level.

Strategy 1:5 Enlist statewide media support to provide consumer-centered awareness messages.

Strategy 1:6 Monitor the dissemination of emerging information on prostate cancer detection, diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship, including new biomarkers that may improve detection of aggressive disease.

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Objective 2: Increase the proportion of men who have discussed with their health-care provider whether or not to have a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test to be screened for prostate cancer (Healthy People 2020, 2013).

Strategy 2:1 Outline the benefits and risks of screening for dissemination to health-care professionals, community leaders, the general public, and men who are considering screening, referencing the USPSTF’s guidelines.

Strategy 2:2 Evaluate, promote, and distribute decision tools that promote informed consent.

Objective 3: Increase the utilization of prostate-cancer-specific support services to enhance survivorship from risk assessment through diagnosis, treatment, and recovery.

Strategy 3:1 Provide a prostate-cancer-specific patient navigator to:

i. Educate men with abnormal prostate-specific antigen or digital rectal exam results about diagnostic procedures and encourage timely and appropriate follow-up, including use of emerging biomarkers that may improve detection of aggressive disease

ii. Educate men diagnosed with prostate cancer about treatment options,

including active surveillance and treatment after-effects, and encourage timely follow-up for appropriate intervention if needed

iii. Identify and mitigate patient and systems barriers while facilitating and supporting patients’ actions in dealing with the disease, including effective interface with health-care providers

iv. Monitor emerging technologies on prostate cancer diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship for documentation and dissemination to prostate cancer survivors or prostate cancer advocates

Strategy 3:2 Collaborate with hospitals and other health-care organizations or providers to provide prostate-cancer-specific navigation services and/or tools.

Strategy 3:3 Refer men and their families for assistance in enrolling in health insurance under the ACA.

Strategy 3:4 Raise awareness about clinical trials and community-based

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Strategy 3:5 Identify and collaborate with community points of contact to increase awareness among the general public, survivors, providers, and others about

survivorship issues and resources.

Strategy 3:6 Disseminate information about quality-of-life resources and services, support groups, and other resources for men diagnosed with prostate cancer and their loved ones.

Strategy 3:7 Provide and facilitate peer support through support groups and

survivor–mentor services for men diagnosed with prostate cancer and their loved ones.

MEASuRES

Source

GOAL

Reduce deaths from prostate

cancer in Arkansas 21.9 deaths per 100,000 in 2011 in Arkansas

19.7 deaths per 100,000 in 2020 in Arkansas: 10%

reduction from baseline

OBJECTIVES

Increase awareness and public education about

prostate cancer. To be developed Not available APCF Progress

Reports

Increase the proportion of men who have discussed with a health-care provider whether or not to have a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test to be screened for prostate cancer.

Question 16.1: Advantages of PSA discussed 55.6% yes

Question 16.2:

Disadvantages of PSA discussed 20.5% yes

Question 16.1 – 61.1%:

10% increase from baseline Question 16.2 – 22.5%:

10% increase from baseline

BRFSS

OBJECTIVES

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Oral Cancer

GOAL

Reduce deaths from oral cancer in Arkansas.

Objective 1: By 2020, increase the proportion of oral and pharyngeal cancers detected at the earliest stage (localized), in line with the Arkansas healthy People 2020, Oral health Objective (Oh)-6.

Strategy 1:1 Increase detection of oral cancer through increased utilization of primary care health-care professions. Work with professional organizations to teach and encourage physicians, dentists, dental hygienists, nurse practitioners, nurses, and physicians’ assistants to conduct oral cancer screening as part of routine physical and oral exams.

Strategy 1:2 Develop an oral cancer education/early detection program to target health-care providers at Federally Qualified Health Centers, local health departments, other community health centers, and Veterans Administration hospitals to ensure oral cancer screening is conducted during routine visits and to reduce the number of late-stage oral cancer diagnoses.

Strategy 1:3 Provide health-care providers with referral mechanisms for oral cancer by identifying local and state referral resources.

Strategy 1:4 Develop a method to measure the number of Arkansas adults who have been screened in the past year for oral cancer.

Strategy 1:5 Develop, test, and implement an oral cancer education program to target African- American adults about prevention and early detection of oral cancers.

(32)

Strategy 1:6 Work with the Arkansas Department of Health’s Southeast Targeted Area Resources for Health (STAR) initiative to increase funding for community oral cancer programs, to conduct oral cancer exams in minority and underserved communities, and to develop and distribute community-based and culturally relevant oral cancer programs and messages that target minority and underserved communities.

Strategy 1:7 Encourage health-care providers to engage in oral cancer volunteerism by providing continuing education credits or other potential incentives for participating in community oral cancer screenings.

Objective 2: Increase the proportion of adults who receive preventive interventions in dental offices in line with Arkansas Healthy People 2020, OH-14, by 2020

(developmental).

Strategy 2:1 Establish baseline data to measure the percentage of all health-care providers who report adequate training for conducting oral cancer exams.

Strategy 2:2 Work with University of Arkansas for Medical Services (UAMS) to ensure oral cancer literacy and exam training procedures are included in the curriculum for all UAMS health-care students.

Strategy 2:3 Encourage and support professional organizations to include oral cancer prevention and early detection as a topic at educational seminars and meetings.

Strategy 2:4 Develop a statewide educational campaign designed to increase the demand for oral cancer screening by encouraging individuals to ask health-care providers for an annual oral cancer exam as part of routine health exams.

(33)

Strategy 2:5 Increase the oral cancer knowledge of the public about oral cancer risk factors and high-risk activities (such as tobacco use, alcohol use, and HPV infection) by developing targeted and culturally relevant oral cancer messages in plain language.

Strategy 2:6 Encourage and promote an annual observance of Oral Cancer Awareness Week.

Objective 3: By 2020, decrease the prevalence of the oral cancer risk factors of tobacco use (cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, and cigars) and alcohol use among adults 18 years and older in Arkansas.

Strategy 3:1 Encourage, increase, and review research to determine effects of current and emerging risk factors.

Strategy 3:2 Partner with other chronic disease programs who share risk factors to maximize effectiveness of resources in addressing reduction of oral cancer mortality rates in Arkansas, including the ACC and ADH’s Family Branch and TPCP program, and others. Activities could include:

• Sponsoring oral cancer continuing education for dental providers in

conjunction with the ACC, thus stressing the importance of cancer screening and early detection

• Sponsoring oral cancer continuing education for dental providers in conjunction with tobacco intervention programs such as TPCP

(34)

MEASuRES

Source

GOAL

Reduce Oral Cancer

mortality rates 2.7 per 100,000

in 2013 2.4 per 100,000 ADH Mortality

Query System

OBJECTIVES

By 2020, increase the proportion of oral cancers detected at the earliest stage (localized).

Overall: 34.1%

White Males: 33.4%

Black Males: 18.0%

White Females: 40.7%

Black Females: 33.3%

Combined 2007 - 2011 data

Overall: 37.5%

White Males: 36.7%

Black Males: 19.8%

White Females: 44.7%

Black Females: 36.6%

10% increase.

Arkansas Central Cancer

Registry

By 2020, increase the proportion of adults who received oral and pharyngeal cancer screening from a dentist or dental hygienist in the past year.

Developmental Developmental

By 2020, reduce tobacco use by adults. Reduce alcohol use by adults.

Cigarette use:

25.0% in 2012 Smokeless use:

7.1% in 2012 Alcohol Use: 4.1% in 2012

(Heavy drinkers)

Cigarette Use: 22.5%

Smokeless tobacco use: 6.4%

Alcohol Use: 3.7%

Target setting

BRFSS

OBJECTIVES

(35)

Skin Cancer

GOAL

Reduce deaths from melanoma in Arkansas

Objective 1: Increase awareness among youth regarding the dangers of unprotected exposure to uV rays—including indoor tanning—and the corresponding recommended practices for reducing risk of skin cancer.

Strategy 1:1 Promote awareness through distribution and use of existing sun safety materials, through promotional pieces placed in journals, newsletters, websites, and through other media that target young adults aged 10 to 24 years.

Strategy 1:2 Assess available shade on elementary school playgrounds and community areas.

Strategy 1:3 Evaluate school policies on sun exposure on playgrounds.

Strategy 1:4 Include sun safety programs in school. Use CDC’s Sun Safety Youth Toolkit and Guidelines for School Programs.

Strategy 1:5 Educate students in schools and community groups on the dangers of unprotected exposure.

Strategy 1:6 Support sunscreen education programs and partnerships with Parent Teacher Associations (PTAs).

Strategy 1:7 Implement “shade project” collaboration between the schools and communities (PTA/PTO). Have sunscreen listed as a recommended school supply.

(36)

Objective 2: Collect data on sun exposure behaviors—including indoor tanning—in youth and adults.

Strategy 2:1 Conduct a needs assessment.

Strategy 2:2 Assess existing sun/UV safety programs in schools and communities.

Strategy 2:3 Disseminate data collected and provide a synopsis of need.

Objective 3: Identify potential funding sources such as CDC, private foundations, and sun product manufacturers and retailers to address sun safety measures in Arkansas.

Strategy 3:1 Identify partnerships with sun safety product manufacturers.

Strategy 3:2 Find matching funds from organizations that address sun safety measures.

Objective 4: Identify existing policies and partnerships to promote sun safety measures.

Strategy 4:1 Explore existing policies and requirements on tanning.

Strategy 4:2 Partner with local civic groups and organizations to include policies on sun safety measures.

Strategy 4:3 Review school policies on sun exposure and access to sun screen on playgrounds to improve them.

Objective 5: Increase the number of educational opportunities on skin cancer screening and sun safety measures.

Strategy 5:1

(37)

MEASuRES

GOAL

Reduce the melanoma

cancer death rate. 2.3 deaths per 100,000 in 2013 in AR

2.1 deaths per 100,000 in 2020:

10% decrease

OBJECTIVES

Reduce the proportion of adolescents in grades 9–12 who report sunburn (Developmental)

Data not available Date not available Potential source: YRBSS

or APNA

Reduce the proportion of adults 18 years and older who report sunburn

34.7% in Arkansas, BRFSS 2013 (U.S. Data: 37.5% reported at least one sunburn in the last 12 months before the

survey, 2010 NHIS)

33% BRFSS state-

added question

Reduce the proportion of adolescents in grades 9-12 who report using artificial sources of ultraviolet light for tanning.

AR Not Available (U.S. Data: 13.3% of students

had used an indoor tanning device one or more times during the last 12 months before the survey, 2011 YRBS)

AR Not Available Potential source: YRBSS

or APNA

Reduce the proportion of adults 18 years and older who report using artificial sources of ultraviolet light for tanning

6.6% in Arkansas, BRFSS 2013 (U.S. Data: 5.6% reported using artificial sources of UV light for tanning, NHIS 2010)

6.3% BRFSS state-

added question

Increase the proportion of adults 18 years and older who follow protective

26.3% in Arkansas, protective

measures include regular 27.6% BRFSS state-

OBJECTIVES

(38)

GOAL

Reduce deaths from cervical cancer in Arkansas.

Objective 1: By 2020, increase the proportion of women who receive cervical cancer screening based on the most current cervical cancer screening guidelines.

Strategy 1:1 Educate health-care professionals and patients about the screening recommendations.

Strategy 1:2 Work with health-benefit providers and wellness educators to educate clients on available services.

Strategy 1:3 Collaborate with community organizations to promote public awareness.

Strategy 1:4 Assist businesses to promote awareness among their employees.

Objective 2: By 2020, increase the proportion of teens who complete the hPV vaccine series.

Strategy 2:1 Educate health-care professionals about the ACIP recommendation for the HPV vaccine.

Strategy 2:2 Educate parents about HPV and the availability of the vaccine for male and female children aged 11–26.

Strategy 2:3 Provide HPV tool kits for schools and community outreach groups.

(39)

Objective 3: By 2020, increase access to treatment services across the state of Arkansas for pre-invasive lesions of the cervix.

Strategy 3:1 Develop information resources for providers regarding available diagnostic and therapeutic services for pre-invasive lesions of the cervix.

Strategy 3:2 Promote patient navigation for patients needing diagnostic and therapeutic services for pre-invasive lesions of the cervix.

Strategy 3:3 Work with payers to help ensure that recommended diagnostic and therapeutic treatments are reimbursed.

Strategy 3:4 Provide educational programs and training to health-care professionals to learn or update their skills in colposcopy and excisional biopsies.

Objective 4: By 2020, increase early access to medical specialists who treat invasive cervical cancer.

Strategy 4:1 Develop information resources for providers related to treatment referrals for invasive cervical cancer.

Strategy 4:2 Promote patient navigation for patients once they enter treatment.

(40)

STRATEGIES (GENERAL)

Cervical cancer has risk factors that are the same as certain other health problems, including other cancers. Therefore working with people, groups, and organizations that are addressing these other problems will help to decrease the incidence and death rate related to cervical cancer.

General strategies to address these common risk factors are listed here:

1. Establish the Cervical Cancer Task Force according to Arkansas Statute 20-9-1103 (Cervical Cancer Task Force, n.d.).

2. Pursue both public and private funding for a cervical cancer education program.

3. Support joint education offered to health professionals on cervical cancer and its risk factors.

4. Support programs that help to decrease risk factors for cervical cancer, such as reducing tobacco use and preventing HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases.

5. Support programs that provide services for patients and their families that address their need for transportation to health-care appointments.

6. Support programs that enhance cancer survivorship for patients and their families.

(41)

MEASuRES

GOAL

Reduce the death rate from

cervical cancer in Arkansas 3.1 deaths per

100,000 population 2.8 deaths per 100,000

population ADH Mortality Query System

OBJECTIVES

Reduce the incidence of cervical

cancer in Arkansas 8.0 diagnoses per

100,000 population 7.5 diagnoses per

100,000 population SEER, 2011

Increase the proportion of teens who complete the HPV vaccine series

HPV Vaccination Rate (AR) ≥3 doses

Girls: 23.4%

Boys: 11.4%

HPV Vaccination Rate (AR) ≥3 dose

Girls: 80%

Boys: 80%

NIS, 2014

Increase the proportion of women who receive cervical cancer screening based on the most current cervical cancer screening guidelines

74.8% of eligible women received screening within

the last 3 years

83% of eligible women will have received screening within the previous 3 years by 2020

AR, BRFSS, 2010

OBJECTIVES

(42)

Focus Areas

1

Palliative Care

2

Survivorship

3

Evaluation

(43)

GOAL

To improve access to quality palliative care for patients with cancer living in Arkansas.

Objective 1: Increase access to palliative care in Arkansas.

Strategy 1:1 Increase the number of Hospice and Palliative Medicine board-certified physicians by supporting training programs and recruitment efforts for ACGME- accredited fellowships. The goal would be to have at least 50 HPM board-certified physicians in Arkansas by 2020.

Strategy 1:2 Create a plan to promote APN and RN palliative care certification throughout the state, particularly in underserved areas.

Strategy 1:3 Increase the number of palliative care programs in hospitals across the state. The goal would be to meet or exceed national percentages.

Strategy 1:4 Advocate for provider reimbursement for complex care provided by palliative care teams.

Objective 2: Improve advance care planning for patients with cancer.

Strategy 2:1 Support efforts to promote advance care planning for cancer patients.

Strategy 2:2 Support legislative efforts to develop a POLST program for the state as part of standard medical practice.

(44)

Objective 3: Provide education that will enhance the understanding and quality of palliative care in the cancer continuum.

Strategy 3:1 Increase public awareness of palliative care through community- based initiatives.

Strategy 3:2 Provide and promote palliative care education for all providers that care for cancer patients, particularly for those in underserved areas. This could include telemedicine/telehealth as outreach initiatives.

Objective 4: Promote timely hospice enrollment for patients with end-stage cancer.

Strategy 4:1 Provide hospice benefit education for the public and health providers and dispel myths concerning hospice that serve as barriers to care.

Strategy 4:2 Design outreach programs and partner with Arkansas oncologists to increase access and enrollment for eligible patients who may benefit from hospice.

(45)

MEASuRES

Objective Strategy Current Target Data

Source

IncreaseAccesstoPaatiillveCareinArkansas Increase number of

HPM board-certified

physicians in Arkansas 25 50

Create a plan to

IncreaseAccesstoPaatiiveCarell inArkansas promote APN and

RN palliative care 2 APNs 5 APNs

Increase Access

certification throughout the state

92 RNs 150 RNs

CAPC report card

to Palliative Care in Arkansas

Increase the number of palliative care programs in hospitals across the state

38% (15/39) of hospitals in AR with 50 or more beds have a palliative

care program

63% (24/39) of hospitals in AR with 50

or more beds have a palliative care program

(would meet national averages)

Increase Accessto Palliative Carein Arkansas

Advocate for provider reimbursement for complex care provided by palliative care teams

Establish a baseline Data needs to be

collected (11)

CAPC

report card

CAPC report card

(46)

MEASuRES

Source

Support efforts to promote advance care

planning for cancer Establish a baseline Data needs to be collected Improve Advance patients

Care Planning for Patients with Cancer

Improve Advance Care Planningfor Patients with Cancer

Support legislative efforts to develop a POLST program in Arkansas

1 of 6 states without POLST

Provide Educationthat will Enhance theUnderstanding and Quality of Palliative Care in the CancerContinuum

Increase public awareness of palliative care through community based initiatives

Establish a baseline Data needs to be collected

Provide Education that will Enhance the

Understanding and Quality of Palliative Care in the Cancer

Continuum Provide and promote palliative care education

for all providers that care Establish a baseline Data needs to be collected for cancer patients

(47)

MEASuRES

Source

Promote Timely Hospice Enrollment for Patients with End-Stage Cancer

Promote Timely Hospice EnrollmentforPatients withEnd-Stage Cancer

Provide hospice benefit education for the public and health-care providers and dispel myths concerning hospice that serve as barriers to care

Design outreach programs and partner with Arkansas oncologists to increase access and enrollment for eligible patients who may benefit from hospice

(48)

Survivorship

GOALS

Reduce the number of cancer deaths in Arkansas.

Increase the number of cancer survivors who are living five years longer after diagnosis.

Objective 1: Promote and increase the use of nationally recognized survivorship care plans.

Strategy 1:1 Increase the number of Arkansas facilities accredited by the CoC by promoting the importance of accreditation in improving quality of care for cancer patients that utilize and follow standardized survivorship care plans.

Strategy 1:2 Advocate for access to reported cancer data for health-care providers who need to create first-course treatment summaries and survivorship care plans.

Strategy 1:3 Support hospitals, oncologists, and other cancer treatment providers working to develop survivorship care plans by providing access to training, technical assistance, resources, and funding.

Strategy 1:4 Support the development of additional survivorship clinics that are designed to follow survivors after treatment and to provide them with comprehensive survivorship care plans to address their unique needs.