ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻃﺍﺮﻘﳝﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻳﺭﻮﻬﻤﳉﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﱄﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ
ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻣ ﻝﺎﻤﻜﺘﺳﻻ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﻣ
ﻞﻴﻧ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﲑﺘﺴﺟﺎﳌﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺷ
ﺺﺼﲣ : ﱄﻭﺩ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ
ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ :
ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻟﺍ :
ﺖﲢ ﻑﺍﺮﺷﺇ ﻷﺍ
ﺫﺎﺘﺳ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ :
ﻲﻏﺭﻮﻠﺑ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﻧ
ﱀﺎﺻ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻣ
ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻨﳉ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ :
ﺃ.
ﺩ / ﺐﻴﻄﻟﺍ ﻱﺩﻭﺍﺩ
ﱄﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ
ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺓﺮﻜﺴﺑ ﺎﺴﻴﺋﺭ
ﺃ.
ﺩ / ﱀﺎﺻ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻣ
ﱄﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ ﺓﺮﻜﺴﺑ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﺭﺮﻘﻣ
ﺍ
ﺃ.
ﺩ / ﲔﺴﺣ ﺮﻫﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﻦﺑ
ﱄﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ ﺎﻨﺤﺘﳑ ﺔﻠﺸﻨﺧ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﺩ / ﻦﺑ ﻟﺍ ﻕﺍﺯﺮﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﻱﻭﺍﺰ
ﺮﺿﺎﳏ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ –
ﺃ - ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺓﺮﻜﺴﺑ
ﳑ ﺎﻨﺤﺘ
ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﻴﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﺔ : 2013 / 2014
ةيطسوتمورولأا ةكارشلا ىلع ورويلا ةقطنم ةمزأ تايعادت رئازجلا ةلاح ةسارد
ﺮﻀﻴﺧ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ –
ﺓﺮﻜﺴﺑ -
ﺔﻳﺭﺎﺠﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﻡﻮﻠﻋﻭ
ﲑﻴﺴﺘﻟﺍ
ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﺴﻗ
ﻴﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﷲﺍ ﻡﺴﺒ ــ
ﻡ
قلخ يذلا كبر مساب أرقا ) )
1 قلخ (
قلع نم ناسنلإا )
2 كبرو أرقا (
مركلأا )
3 ملقلاب ملع يذلا (
) 4 ملع (
ملعي مل ام ناسنلإا )
5 ( (
ةيلآا )
5 قلعلا ةروس ( ميظعلا ﷲ قدص )
(
I
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II
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III
ﺹﺨﻠﻤﻝﺍ )
ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺎﺒ (
ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﺔﻜﺭﺤ ﺏﺎﻴﺴﻨﺇ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﺯﺠﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺔﻝﺍﺯﺇ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺍﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘﻤ ﺎﻬﺠﻭﺘ ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺩﻬﺸﻴ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻠﻝ ﺎﻋﺭﺎﺴﺘﻭ ،ﺩﻭﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻠﻝ ﺍﺭﻴﺭﺤﺘﻭ .
ﻪﺘﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﺭﺸﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍ ﻰﻌﺴﻴ
،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻴﺒﻷﺍ ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻨﺠ لﻭﺩ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ
ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺩﻌﺘ لﺒ ،ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ .
ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﻥﻜﻝ
ﻥﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﺕﺎﻴﻋﺍﺩﺘ لﺎﻘﺘﻨﺍﻭ ،ﻪﻤﺎﻴﻗ ﺯﺌﺎﻜﺭ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺔﻋﺯﻋﺯ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺩﺃ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍ لﻭﺩﺒ ﺕﻔﺼﻋ ﺩﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻌﻤ ﺕﻠﺨﺩ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴ .
ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻷﺎﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻌﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺈﺒ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻌﺴﺃ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﺘ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﻭﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﺘ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﺍﻭﺴ )
ﺔﻴﻤﻜ ﻭﺃ ( ،ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﺭﻭﺘﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ
، ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ ﺭﺜﻷﺍ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻓﺩﺘ ﻡﺠﺤ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺭﻴﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ .
ﺔﻴﺤﺎﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ
،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﻝﺍ
ﺍ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ ،ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭﺭﻭﻷ
.
IV
ﺹﺨﻠﻤﻝﺍ )
ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺎﺒ (
Résumé
L'économie mondiale tend, de plus en plus, vers l'élimination des divers obstacles à la circulation des facteurs de production, la
libéralisation du commerce et l'accélération des relations entre les pays.
L’union européenne vise à déployer ses relations économiques, dans le cadre d'un partenariat avec les pays du sud méditerranéen, grâce à un projet de partenariat euro-méditerranéen, qui est transformé en politique de voisinage européen. Cependant, la crise des dettes souveraines qui a dévasté l'Union européenne a conduit à la déstabilisation des piliers les plus importants de son existence, et la répercussion de cette crise dans les pays voisins ayant conclu une coopération économique et financière.
En considérant que l'Algérie est signataire de l'accord de partenariat européen, l’impact de la crise financière européenne sera perçu à moyen terme en raison de la baisse de la demande des produits énergétiques à cause de la baisse de leur prix sur les marchés mondiaux et
l’augmentation des importations algériennes, et la baisse des flux
d'investissements étrangers émanant des pays de l'Union européenne. Cet impact influe de manière directe sur les revenus de l'Algérie.
Les Mots-clés
Crise de la dette souveraine , le partenariat euro-méditerranéen , la
politique européenne de voisinage
ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﻬﻓ
لﺎﻜﺸﻷﺍﻭ لﻭﺍﺩﺠﻝﺍﻭ
ف سرھ تايوتحملا
V
ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﻭ ﺭﻜﺸ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ...
...
...
I
ءادھلإا ...
II
ثحبلا صخلم ةيبرعلاب
...
. ...
III
ةيسنرفلاب ثحبلا صخلم ...
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IV
تايوتحملا سرھف لاكشلأا و لوادجلاو
...
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..
. ...
V
لﻭﺍﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ ...
....
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IX
ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ لﺎﻜﺸﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ ...
..
...
XI
ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ )
ﺃ - ﻩ (
ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ ...
...
...
ﺃ
ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ ...
...
. ..
...
ﺃ
ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻓ ...
....
...
ﺏ
ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ...
....
...
...
ﺏ
ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ...
...
...
ﺏ
ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ...
. ...
...
...
ﺝ
ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ
...
...
. . ...
....
...
ﺝ
ﻥﻤ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﻤ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ
...
...
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ﺝ
ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ لﻜﻴﻫﻭ ﺔﻁﺨ ...
...
...
...
...
ﺩ
لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ :
ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﻭ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍ
) - 2 ( 88
ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ ...
...
...
2
لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻸﻝ
ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺯ ...
...
...
3
لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻤ ...
...
...
3
ف سرھ تايوتحملا
VI
ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺎﻬﺒ ﺭﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﺌﻭﺸﻨ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ ...
...
...
9
ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺭﻬﺸﻷ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ
...
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21
ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ :
ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻼﻝ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺩﺘ ...
...
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43
لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ :
ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺄﺸﻨﻝ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ...
..
...
44
ﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝ
: ﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻱﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝ ...
...
. ...
...
52
ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺎﻤ ﺓﺩﻫﺎﻌﻤ ﺇ ﺝﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺨﺭﺘﺴ
ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻝ ...
...
. ....
....
55
ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ )
ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤﻝﺍ،ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ،ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ (
...
...
...
58
لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ :
ﻹﺍ ﺭﺎﻁ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﺩﻠﻝ ...
...
. ...
...
58
ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ...
...
...
. ...
61
ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ :
ﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﻥﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻭ
...
...
...
72
لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﻼﺨ لﻭﻷﺍ
..
...
...
...
...
...
88
ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ :
ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﺕﺍﺯﺍﺭﻓﺍ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ
) - 89 ( 181
ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ ...
...
. . ...
89
لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤ ...
...
. ...
...
90
لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻠﻝ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ...
...
. . ...
90
ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﺍ ...
...
...
95
ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻋ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝ ...
...
...
...
117
ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻋﺍﺩﺘ ﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ
ﻭ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻨ ﺔﺤﺭﺘﻘﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﻠﺤﻝﺍ
..
126
لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻘﺘﻨﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﺓﺭﺍﺭﺸ ﺔﻗﻼﻁﻨﺇ ...
....
. ...
...
126
ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻜﻌﻨﺍ ...
...
...
130
ف سرھ تايوتحملا
VII
ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ لﻭﻠﺤﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﺍ ...
...
...
. ...
144
ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ :
ﻭﺭﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ لﺎﻘﺘﻨﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ
ﺔﻜﻴﺭﺸﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ...
...
..
...
...
153
لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ :
ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﺕﺍﺯﺍﺭﻓﺍ ...
...
. . ...
153
ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻋﺍﺩﺘ
ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭﺭﻭﻻﺍ )
ﺓﺭﺎﺘﺨﻤ لﻭﺩ ... (
...
....
. ...
...
158
ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻋﺍﺩﺘ
ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ...
...
...
169
ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﻼﺨ .
...
...
...
...
180
ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ :
ﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﻻ
ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ
) - 182 ( 227
ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ ...
...
...
. ...
182
ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﻷﺍ
: ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﺍ ...
...
. . ...
183
لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ...
...
...
183
ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻭﺭﻭﻻﺍ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﻹ ﺔﻀﻴﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻁﻭﻁﺨﻝﺍ ...
...
...
...
188
ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻡﺯﻴﻨﺎﻜﻴﻤ ...
...
...
194
ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭﺭﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﺕﺎﻴﻋﺍﺩﺘ ...
...
...
201
لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺕﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ
...
...
....
. ...
201
ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ...
...
...
204
ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ :
ﻲﺒﻨﺠﻻﺍ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺭﺜﺃ ...
...
...
210
ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺔﻨﻫﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭ ....
...
...
..
...
214
لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺔﺜﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻝﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻬﺠ ...
...
...
. . 215
ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ :
ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ....
...
...
...
222
ف سرھ تايوتحملا
VIII
ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺼﺭﻓ ﺔ ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻭ
. ...
225
ﺔﺼﻼﺨ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ
ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ..
...
227
ﺔﻤﺘﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ
...
...
...
228
ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ ...
..
...
232
لوادجلا ةمئاق
II
لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻗﺭ
لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺘ
ﺔﺤﻔﺼﻝﺍ
) - 1 ( 1 ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍ لﻭﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ 61
) - 1 ( 2 ﻡﺎﻋ لﻼﺨ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ لﻭﺩ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﺯﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﺠﻋ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ 2012
65
) - 1 ( 3 ﺕﻻﺎﻜﻭ ﺏﺴﺤ ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺌﻹ ﻑﻴﻨﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺩ S&P
، Modys
، Fitch 70
) - 1 ( 4 ﻥﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻼﻬﺘﺴﻹﺍ 80
) - 1 ( 5 ﻥﺎﻨﻭﻴﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ 81
) - 1 ( 6 ﻥﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺎﺨﺩﻹﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ 82
) - 1 ( 7 ﻥﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ 84
) - 1 ( 8 ﻥﺎﻨﻭﻴﻠﻝ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﻹﺍ ﻲﻤﻭﻘﻝﺍ لﺨﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ 85
) - 1 ( 9 ﻥﺎﻨﻭﻴﻠﻝ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﻹﺍ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ 87
) - 2 ( 1 ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﺓﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻎﻝﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ )
- 1995 ( 2000 104
) - 2 ( 2 ﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﺞﻤﺎﻨﺭﺒ ) 1
- 1995 ( 2000 108
) - 2 ( 3 ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺎﻨﺭﺒ ﺭﺎﻁﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﻭﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻀﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺔﺼﺤ )
- 2000
( 2006 109
) - 2 ( 4 لﻭﻻﺍ ﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﺞﻤﺎﻨﺭﺒ ﻥﻤ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﻭﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻀﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺏﻴﺼﻨ
ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍﻭ
110
) - 2 ( 5 ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ لﻜﺸ ﺩﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺌﺎﺜﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ
ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻨﺠ لﻭﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻜﻴﺭﺸﻝﺍ
118
) - 2 ( 6 ﺞﻤﺎﻨﺭﺒ ﺭﺎﻁﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻎﻝﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻠﻝ ENPI
) - 2007 ( 2010 121
) - 2 ( 7 ﺍﺩﻨﻝﺭﻹ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ 130
) - 2 ( 8 ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺒﺴﻹ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ
131
) - 2 ( 9 لﺎﻐﺘﺭﺒﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ 132
) - 2 ( 10 ﺕﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺎﻴﻝﺎﻁﻴﻹ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ
133
) - 2 ( 11 ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﻹﺍ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﻤﻨ لﺩﻌﻤ 135
) - 2 ( 12 ﻊﻗﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ لﺩﻌﻤ 138
) - 2 ( 13 ﺀﺎﻀﻋﻷﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ 27
140
) - 2 ( 14 ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺨﻀﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﻤﻨ لﺩﻌﻤ 27
143
) - 2 ( 15 ﺽﻭﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﺎﻨﻭﻴﻠﻝ ﺔﺤﻭﻨﻤﻤﻝﺍ
) - 2010 ( 2011 152
لوادجلا ةمئاق
III
) - 2 ( 16 ﺭﺼﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤﻝﺍ 160
) - 2 ( 17 ﻥﺩﺭﻸﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤﻝﺍ
166
) - 2 ( 18 ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻎﻝﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ 170
) - 2 ( 19 ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤﻝﺍ 171
) - 2 ( 20 ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻠﻝ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺯﻴﻤﻝﺍ
ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻠﻝ ) - 2009 ( 2013 174
) - 2 ( 21 ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻠﻝ ﺱﻨﻭﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ )
- 2009 ( 2013 176
) - 3 ( 1 ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﻭﻜﻭﺘﻭﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﺼﺤ )
- 1978 ( 1996 185
) - 3 ( 2 ﻠﻝ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻠﻝ ﺹﺼﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﺕﺎﻤﺍﺯﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻔ
) - 1995 ( 1999 198
) - 3 ( 3 ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ ﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﺕﺎﻤﺍﺯﺘﻝﻹ ﻱﻭﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍ )
- 1995 ( 1999
199
) - 3 ( 4 ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ ﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﺕﺎﻤﺍﺯﺘﻝﻹ ﻱﻭﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍ )
- 2000 ( 2004 200
) - 3 ( 5 ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻠﻝ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﻭﻤﻨ لﺩﻌﻤ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ )
- 2007 ( 2012
202
) - 3 ( 6 ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺼﻝﺍ لﻜﻴﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﺭﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺭﻴﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ 203
) - 3 ( 7 ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻠﻝ ﻡﺨﻀﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤ )
- 2009 ( 2012 204
) - 3 ( 8 ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻥﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﺭﺒﺃ 205
) - 3 ( 9 ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ
) - 2003 ( 2012 207
) - 3 ( 10 ﺕﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ
209
) - 3 ( 11 ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻻﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍ لﻭﺩ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻓﺩﺘ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ
ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ 212
) - 3 ( 12 ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺵﺎﻌﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﻋﺩ ﻁﻁﺨﻤ ﻥﻭﻤﻀﻤ )
- 2001 ( 2004
217
) - 3 ( 13 ﻪﻝ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺼﺨﻤﻭ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻋﺩﻝ ﻲﻠﻴﻤﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺎﻨﺭﺒﻝﺍ )
- 2005
( 2009 219
) - 3 ( 14 ﻲﻝﻻﺩﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺞﻤﺎﻨﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺼﺨﻤ )
- 2007 ( 2010 224
) - 3 ( 15 ﻲﻝﻻﺩﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺞﻤﺎﻨﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺼﺨﻤ )
- 2011 .( 2013
225
مئاق ــ ةينايبلا لاكشلأا ة
XI
لﻜﺸﻝﺍ ﻡﻗﺭ
ﻡﺴﺇ لﻜﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻔﺼﻝﺍ
) - 1 ( 1 ﺸﻨ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ﻭ
ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺀ
16
) - 1 ( 2 ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﻹﺍ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﺌﻤ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻜ ﻭﺭﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝ ﻲﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ
ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻠﻝ ) - 1999 ( 2011 64
) - 1 ( 3 ﺔﻨﺴﻝ ﻭﺭﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ لﻭﺩ ﺽﻌﺒﻝ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺴﺤﻝﺍ 2010
65
) - 1 ( 4 ﺕﺍﺩﻨﺴﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﺌﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ لﺠﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁ
) ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴ 10 ( لﻭﺩﻠﻝ
ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻻﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﺒﺎﻴﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﻴﺩﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﻻﺍ
66
) - 1 ( 5 ﺩﺭﻔﻠﻝ ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ
79
) - 1 ( 6 ﻥﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻹﺍ لﻤﺠﻤ
83
) - 1 ( 7 ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻪﺘﺎﻨﻭﻜﻤﻭ ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﻹﺍ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﻤﻨ
86
) - 2 ( 1 ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤﺒ لﻴﻭﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ
113
) - 2 ( 2 ﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤﺒ لﻴﻭﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ
113
) - 2 ( 3 ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤﺒ لﻴﻭﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ
114
) - 2 ( 4 ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻺﻝ
137
) - 2 ( 5 ﻭﺭﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ لﺩﻌﻤ
139
) - 2 ( 6 لﺩﻌﻤ لﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﻊﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝ ﻱﻭﻨﺴ ﻊﺒﺭ ﻭﻤﻨ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍ
27 142
) - 2 ( 7 ﻲﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻺﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻵﺍ
149
) - 2 ( 8 ﻁﺘ ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﻹﺍ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﻤﻨ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤﻝ ﺭﻭ
154
) - 2 ( 9 ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻌﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺭﺍﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ )
- 2007
( 2011 155
) - 2 ( 10 ﺭﺼﻤ ﻊﻤ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻺﻝ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺯﻴﻤﻝﺍ
163
) - 2 ( 11 ﺭﺼﻤﻭ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﺒ ﺔﻝﺩﺎﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ
164
) - 2 ( 12 ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺯﻴﻤﻝﺍ
169
) - 2 ( 13 ﻹﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺯﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘ
174
) - 2 ( 14 ﺱﻨﻭﺘ ﻊﻤ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻺﻝ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺯﻴﻤﻝﺍ 180
) - 3 ( 1 ﺕﺎﻁﺎﻴﺘﺤﻻﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ
) - 2007 ( 2013 203
) - 3 ( 2 ﺔﻨﺴﻝ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻝﺩﺎﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ 2012
206
مئاق ــ ةينايبلا لاكشلأا ة
XII
) - 3 ( 3 ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻼﻝ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺯﻴﻤﻝﺍ 208
) - 3 ( 4 ﻭ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺏﻴﺼﻨ
ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻡﺠﺤ ﻥﻤ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﻭ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ
ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ
211
) - 3 ( 5 ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻠﻝ ﺙﻼﺜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻎﻝﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ )
- 2007 ( 2012 214
) - 3 ( 6 ﻲﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ
220
ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺩـﻘﻤﻝﺍ
ةماعلا ةمدقملا
أ
- 1 ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ
ﺔﻤﺠﺎﻨ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺓﺩﻋﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺩﻬﺸﻴ ﻥﻋ
لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﺓﺭﻴﺜﻜ
ﺭﻴﺭﺤﺘ ﻥﻤ
،لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻉﺭﺎﺴﺘﻭ ،ﺩﻭﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺭﺤﺘﻭ لﺍﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﺱﻭﺅﺭ ﺔﻜﺭﺤ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻅ ﻲﻓ
ﺀﺍﻭﻝ ﺕﺤﺘ ﻡﺎﻤﻀﻨﻻﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﻻﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﺘﻜﺘﻠﻝ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﻌﺴ ﺔﻴﺭﺫﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺩﺤﻭﻝ ﺀﺎﻘﺒﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﻔﺘﻝ ﺕﻼﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﻴﻨﺒ
ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ لﻤﻋ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﺭﻁﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﻠﺨﺘﻴ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ
ﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﺌﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺯﺭﺒﺃ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﺸﻨﻭ ﻊﻴﺴﻭﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻤ
ﻹﺍ ﻪﺘﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗ
ﻲﺘﻔﻀ لﻭﺩ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸ لﻜﺸ ﻲﻓ ﻭ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻴﺒﻷﺍ ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﻭﻨﺠ
ﻙﻝﺫ ﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝ ﻪﻴﻨﺒﺘﺒ
ﺔﻨﺴ ﺔﻨﻭﻠﺸﺭﺒ ﺭﻤﺘﺅﻤ ﺩﻘﻋ ﻪﺒﺠﻭﻤﺒ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ 1995
ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻭ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ لﻭﺩ
ﺎﻤﻤ ﺇ ﺩﻘﻋ ﻪﻨﻋ ﻕﺜﺒﻨ ﺇ
ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺜ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘ ﻥﻴﺒ
ﺍ لﻜﻜ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻ ﺒ
ﻪﻝﻭﺩ ﻊﻤ 27
ﺔﻝﻭﺩ لﻜ ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ
ﺒ ﻯﺩﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺴﻭﺘﻭ ﺓﺭﺤ لﺩﺎﺒﺘ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﺀﺎﺸﻨﺍ ﻑﺩﻬ
ﻰﻝﺇ ﺍ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝ ﺢﻨﻤ ﻥﻭﺩ
ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻭﻀﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺸﺭﻻﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ
ﺏﺴﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ لﻜﺒ
ﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗ
ﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻅ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺃ ﺎﺒﺭﻭﺄﺒ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﻬﻨﺍ ﺕﺭﻬﻅ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗ
ﻡﻫﺃ ﺔﻋﺯﻋﺯ ﻰﻝﺍ ﺕﺩ
ﻪﺘﺍﺫ ﺩﺤ ﻲﻓ لﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺯﺍﺯﺘﻫﺍﻭ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺯﺌﺎﻜﺭﻝﺍ
، ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ
ﺍ ﺁ لﺎﻘﺘﻨﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻴ لﺍﺯ ﺎﻤ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷ ﺭﺎﺜ
ﻥﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ
، ﺈﻓ ﺭﺍ ﻥ ﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺎﺼﺎﻫ ﻥ
ﻺﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺜﺅﺘ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘ
ﺈﻓ ، لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﺤﻴ ﻑﻭﺨﻝﺍ لﺍﺯﺎﻤ ﻪﻨ
ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻌﻤ ﺕﻠﺨﺩ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻭﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺈﺒ
ﻥﺃ ﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺍﺯ ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ
ﻴﺭﻓﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻌﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ ل
ﻲﻓ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﺤ ﺕﻠﺨﺩ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ 2002
، 2005 ﻭ
ﺭﺘ ﺘ ﻪﺒ ﻁﺒ ﺒ ﺃ ﺓﺩﻴﻁﻭ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌ ﻤﻫ
لﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻬ ﻷ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠﻝﺍ
ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻥ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﺘﻤ
،ﻪﻌﻤ ﺔﻤﻴﺩﻗ ﺇ
ﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻝ ﺫﺇ
ﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻭﻷﺍ ﻙﻴﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﺕﻻ
،ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍﺭﺜﺄﺘ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺍﺫﻬﻝﻭ ،
لﺎﻘﺘﻨﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ لﺘﻜﺘﻭ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﺈﻜ ﻪﺒ ﻑﺼﻌﺘ ﺕﺩﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺎﺒ ﻲﺒﻭ
ﻼﻬﺴﻭ ﺎﻌﻴﺭﺴ ﻥﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﻪﻌﻤ ﺔﻜﻴﺭﺸﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﻋﺍﺩﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﺜﻵﺍ .
- 2 ﺇ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ
ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺠﻭﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺕﻘﻠﺨ ﻹﺍﻭ ﻭﺭﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ لﻭﺩ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺩﺎﺤﺘ
لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺭﺎﻴﻬﻨﺎﺒ لﻜﻜ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺇ ﺭﺨﻻﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﻠﻝ ﺭﺜﻌﺘﻭ
ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨ ﺇ
ﺘﻨ ﺔﻜﻴﺭﺸ لﻭﺩﻭ ﻪﻝﻭﺩﻝ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ لﺎﻘ
ﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺍ ﺡﺭﻁ ﺎﻨﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻙﺭﺘﺸﻤ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﺭﺎﻁ :
ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻜﻌﻨﺇ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ
ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭﺭﻭﻴﻝﺍ
ﺔﺼﺎﺨ
؟
ةماعلا ةمدقملا
ب
ﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻻﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﻷﺍ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔ
:
. 1 ﺎﻤ ﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﻷ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻴ
ﺔﻴﺩﺎ ﺎﻬﺒﺎﺒﺴﺃﻭ
؟ﺎﺒﺭﻭﺃ ﻲﻓ
. 2 ﺁ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﺜ
ﻺﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘ
ﻹﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗ
؟ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ . 3 ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﻔﺘﺴﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻠﺨﺩ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻠﻝ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ لﻫ
؟ﺔﻘﺒﺴﻤ ﻁﻭﺭﺸ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ
. 4 ﻥﻜﻤﻴ لﻫ ﺩﺘﻤﺘ ﻥﺃ
ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ
؟
. 5 ﻭﺭﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﺀﺍﺭﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﺘ ﻑﻭﺴ لﻫ ﺈﺒ
ﺎﻬﻝ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻙﻴﺭﺸ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋ لﻫﻭ
ﺎﻬﻗﺎﻔﺘﺍ لﻴﺩﻌﺘ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ
؟
- 3 ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻓ
. 1 ﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﺩﻝ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻯﺩﺤﺇ ﺽﺭﻌﺘ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺔﻨﻤﺁ ﻥﻭﻴﺩ
ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﻕﺍﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺎﻫﺭﻁﺎﺨﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺔﻝﻭﻴﺴ .
. 2 ﺩﻴﻔﺘﺴﺘ ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻠﺨﺩ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸ ﻲﻓ
ﺔﻘﺒﺴﻤ ﻁﻭﺭﺸ ﻥﻭﺩﺒﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍﻭ .
. 3 ﻲﻓ ﻪﻌﻤ ﺕﻠﺨﺩ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﻠﻘﺘﻨﺍ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺎﺒ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻺﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺭﺜﺄﺘ
ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸ
. 4 ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﺀﺍﺭﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺭﺜﺄﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻝ
ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺽﻭﺎﻔﺘﺘ
- 4 ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺇ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ
- ﻀﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻠﺴﺘ ﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺇﻭ ﻭﺭﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﻭ
ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁ
ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ .
- ﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻗﻭ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺜﺍﺩﺤ ﻪﺘﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜ
.
- 5 ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ
ﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺩﻤﺘﺴﻴ ﺃ ﺙﺤﺒ
ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻫ :
- ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﻭﻀﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻠﺴﺘ ﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻷﺍ
ﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﺕﺜﺩﺤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝ ﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﺨ
ﺎﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴ ﺭﺎﺜﺁ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺞﺘﻨ
ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﻌﻓﺩ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻉﻭﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﻔﺘﻝ لﻭﻠﺤﻭ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤﻝﺍﻭ
.
ةماعلا ةمدقملا
ج
- ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﻯﺩﻤﻭ ﻭﺭﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ
ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍﻭ .
- 6 ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ
ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺹﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ
ﻭﻫ :
- ﺎﻬﺠﺭﺎﺨ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺤ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﻊﺴﻭﺘ ﺓﺭﺌﺍﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻭﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ .
- ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺕﺩﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﻭﺭﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ
ﻋﺍﺩﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻭﻗﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴ
ﺔﻜﻴﺭﺸﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﺎﻗ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺕﻌﺴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﻠﺤﻝﺍﻭ
لﻭﺩﻝﺍ .
- 7 ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍﻭ
ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ
ﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻹﺍ ﻡ
لﺜﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻓ
:
ﻲﻔﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ
ﻑﺼﻭﺒ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ : لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺼﺭﻝﺍﻭ
ﻷﺍ ﻡﻴﻭﻘﺘﻭ ﻡﻬﻔﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻀﻭ
ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻭ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ
ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻤﻌﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺹﻼﺨﺘﺴﻹ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝ ﺕﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﻊﺌﺎﻗﻭﻝﺍ لﺴﻠﺴﺘﻝ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻤﻭ ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺅﺭ ﺀﺎﻁﻋﺇﻭ
ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ لﻭﺼﻓ ﻡﻅﻌﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ .
ﺎﻤﺃ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ،ﺕﺍﺭﻜﺫﻤ ،ﺕﻼﺠﻤ ،ﺏﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤ ﺓﺩﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺩﻘﻓ :
ﻭ ﺕﻨﺭﺘﻨﻷﺍ ﺔﻜﺒﺸ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ،ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻘﺘﻠﻤ ،ﺭﻴﺭﺎﻘﺘ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ لﻭﺍﺩﺠﻠﻝ ﻱﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﺴﺭﻠﻝ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ .
- 8 ﻥﻤ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﻤ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ
ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺭﻜﺫﻨ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﺕﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ :
. 1 ﺩﺒﺎﻋ ﻁﻴﺭﺸ :
لﻭﺩ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻓﺁﻭ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ
ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﺃ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ
ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﻩﺭﺍﻭﺘﻜﺩ لﻴﻨﻝ / 2003
ﺙﻴﺤ ، 2004
ﺕﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﺍ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹ
ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻴﻘﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺘ ﺽﺭﻋﻭ ﻲﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ .
. 2 ﺔﻤﻴﺤﺭ ﺢﻝﺎﺼ ﻊﻴﺒﺼﻭﺒ :
ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﻥﺍﺯﻴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺕﻼﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ
لﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀ ﻥﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ لﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺒﺒﺴﻝﺍ
ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ
ةماعلا ةمدقملا
د
ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤ ﺓﺭﻜﺫﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺸﻨﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ
ﺭﻀﻴﺨ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ -
ﺓﺭﻜﺴﺒ - / 2010 ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ، 2011
ﺍ ﺭﺒﺎﻌﻤﻭ ﺔﻨﻫﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺕﻼﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ
،ﺎﺠﺫﻭﻤﻨ ﻥﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﺫﺨﺃﻭ لﻴﻭﺩﺘﻝ ﺩﻗﻭ
ﺕﻔﺸﻜ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻠﺼﻭﺘ ﻭﺭﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﺎﻘﻨﻝﺍ
ﻲﺘﻝﺍ
ﻪﺘﺭﻴﺴﻤ لﻼﺨ ﻪﻓﺭﻋ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ ﺩﺸﺃﻭ ﺭﺒﻜﺃ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﻩﺎﻴﺇ ﺔﻌﻀﺍﻭ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻱﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻬﻨﺈﺒ ﺕﺩﺩﻫ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﻗ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻊﻔﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻅﻌﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻺﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﺭﺜﺃﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺍﻭﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼ
ﺀﺎﻀﻋﻷﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺎﺴﻝ .
. 3 ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺕﻼﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻋ ﺕﺤﺘ ﺔﻨﻴﻜﺴ ﻱﻭﻼﻤﺤ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﺠﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ
ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺔﻨﻫﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ لﻅ ﻲﻓ –
ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ -
ﺭﻀﻴﺨ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺓﺭﻭﺸﻨﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤ ﺓﺭﻜﺫﻤ -
ﺓﺭﻜﺴﺒ – / 2011
، 2012 ﺕﻠﺼﻭﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ
ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺈﺒ ،ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺈﺒ ﺕﻤﻫﺎﺴ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺕﻼﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻋ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻋﺍﺩﺘﻝ ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺓﺎﻨﻗ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ .
ﺩﻗﻭ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭﺭﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﻋﺍﺩﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﺒ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻡﻤﺘﻴﻝ ﺎﻨﺜﺤﺒ ﺀﺎﺠ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ ﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ
ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺭﺜﺃ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﺘ ﻙﻝﺫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ لﻭﺎﺤﻨﺴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻤﻭﻤﻋ ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ .
- 9 ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ لﻜﻴﻫﻭ ﺔﻁﺨ
ﻕﻓﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺨ ﻡﻴﺴﻘﺘ ﺎﻨﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺏﺒﺍﻭﺠﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﻝﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻜﻤﺘﻨ ﻰﺘﺤ ﻲﻠﻴﺎﻤ : لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ :
ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﻭ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍ
لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ لﻭﺎﻨﺘﻨﺴ ﻹﺍ
ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃﻭ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻸﻝ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁ
ﻡﺜ ،ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺭﻬﺸﻷ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻡﺜ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺭﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤﻭ ﺀﻭﺸﻨ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻨﺴ
ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺩﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ
ﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺕﺭﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴ
ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻨ
ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ
ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺫﺠﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺎﻬﻤﻗﺎﻔﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺩﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ .
ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ :
ﺇ ﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﺕﺍﺯﺍﺭﻓ ﻴ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺩﺎ ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍ لﻭﺩ
ﺩﻗﻭ لﻭﺎﻨﺘﻨﺴ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃﻭ ﻊﻓﺍﻭﺩﻭ ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻠﻝ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ
ﻡﺜ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻭ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻠﻝ لﻭﺨﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺁ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻨ
ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻋﺍﺩﺘﻝ
ةماعلا ةمدقملا
ه
ﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﻋﺍﺩﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻘﺘﻨﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﻗﻭ ﺔﺤﺭﺘﻘﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﻠﺤﻭ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺎ
ﻠﻋﻭ ﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻰ ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁ
.
ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ :
ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ
ﺙﻴﺤ ﻨﺘﻨﺴ ﺎ لﻭ ﺇ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻭﺭﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﺭﺜﺃﻭ ﺎﻬﺒﻨﺍﻭﺠ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘ
ﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻜﺍ
ﻡﺜ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻨ
ﻗﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍ لﻅ ﻊﻴﺴﻭﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻫﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘ
ﻕﺎﻓﺁ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ
ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓﻭ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻭ
.
لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ
ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍ
ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﻭ
لﺼﻔﻝﺍ لﻭﻷﺍ
: ﻭﺭﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤ
2
ﻬﻤﺘ ــ ﺩﻴ
ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﻓﺭﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺩﺸﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﺔﻔﻴﻨﻋ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﺃ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﺸ ﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﺇ ﻻ ﺩﻬﺸﻤ ﺢﺒﺼﺃﻭ ﺇ ﺓﺭﻭﺩﺒ ﺃﺩﺒﻠﻝ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻥﻭ
ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗ
لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹ ﻙﺒﺎﺸﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻫﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻠﻝ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ﻕﻓﺩﺘ لﻴﻬﺴﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ
ﻡﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﺤﺎﺘﻔﻨﺍﻭ ﻕﺍﻭﺴﻷﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻭ ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻹﺍﻭ لﺍﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﺱﻭﺅﺭﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﺎﻫﺭﺨﺁ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻥﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺩﻋﺎﺴ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻜ لﺎﺼﺘﻹﺍﻭ ﻭ ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻺﻝ ﺍﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘ لﻜﺸﺘﻝ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍ ﻥﺯﻭﻝ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ
ﻩﺫﻫ ﻪﻝ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻝﻭ ،ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻘﺒ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﻭﺭﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻘﺒﻝﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻭﺭﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ لﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﻘﺒ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻘﺘﻨﺈﺒ ﺭﺎﺜﺁﻭ ﺓﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘﻤ ﺕﺎﻁﻭﻐﻀ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ .
لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ لﻭﺎﺤﻨ ﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺝﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺜ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻸﻝ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻴ
ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻤ ﺙﻼﺜ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﻭﺭﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﺜ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ :
لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻹﺍ :
ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻸﻝ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁ
ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻺﻝ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ لﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺩﺘ :
ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ : )
ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ،ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ (
لﺼﻔﻝﺍ لﻭﻷﺍ
: ﻭﺭﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤ
3
ﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ لﻭ
: ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻸﻝ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻻﺍ
ﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻪﺠﺍﻭﻴ ﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﺎﺒﺘﻤﻭ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﺎﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﺭﺼ
ﺎﻬﺜﻭﺩﺤ ﺏﺎﺒﺴ
ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺩﺸﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺩﺤ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤﻭ ﺕﺍ
ﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺎﻬﺒﺎﺒﺴﻷ ﺔﻌﻴﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﻪﺒﺎﺸﺘﺘ ﺕﺎﻤﺯ
ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﻁﺎﻘﻨ ﻲﻓ
ﻸﻝ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻠﻝ ﺎﻨﻌﻓﺩﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻴ ﻴ ﺎﻤ لﻌﻝﻭ ،ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺯ
ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺝﺭﺩﻨ
ﺃﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻷﺎﺒ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻠﻝ ﻠﺤﺍﺭﻤﻭ ﺎﻬﺜﻭﺩﺤ ﺏﺎﺒﺴ
ﻷﺍ ﻡﻬﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺜ ﺎﻬﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃﻭ ﺎﻬ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺯ
ﻝﺍ ﺭﻬﻅﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺨﺃﻭ ﺓﺭﺘﻓ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺡﺎﺘﺠﻴ ﻱﺫ
.
ﻷﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ لﻭ
: ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻤ
ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ،ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺝﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻊﻴﻀﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻻﺍ ﺩﻌﺘ
ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﻕﻴﺜﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝ .
ﻻﻭﺃ : ﺔﻤﺯﻸﻝ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ
ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻕﺘﺸﻤ
*krisis ﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻅﺤﻝ ﻲﻨﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ
moment of decision
ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻭﺃ ﺽﺭﻤ ﻲﻓ لﻭﺤﺘ ﺔﻁﻘﻨ ﺔﻴﺯﻴﻠﺠﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺎﻌﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻤﻫﺃ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﻥﺎﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺎﻌﻤ :
ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻗﺎﻔﻝﺍ ،ﺭﻘﻔﻝﺍ ،ﺔﺒﻭﻨﻝﺍ ،ﺭﺘﻭﺘﻝﺍ ،ﻉﺍﺯﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺎﻌﻤ ﻲﻓ
ﻕﻴﻀﻭ ﺓﺩﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﻁﺤﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﺘ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ
) (1
.
ﺱﻭﻤﺎﻗ ﺩﺩﺤ ﺩﻘﻝ webster
ﻡﻜ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ
)
ﻲﻠﻴﺍ
(2
:
" • ﻭﺩﺤ ﺭﻅﺘﻨﺘ ﺓﺭﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺠﺭﺤ ﺓﺭﺘﻓ ﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺠﻤﺭﺒﻤ ﺔﻤﺠﻫ ،ﻡﺴﺎﺤ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﺙ
ﻭﺃ ﺏﺭﻜ ،ﻡﻝ
ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭ لﻠﺨ "
ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻲﻫﻭ :
" • ﻥﺴﺤﻻﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺤﺘ ﺔﻁﻘﻨ ﺨ ﻭﺃ ،ﺭﻴﻁﺨ ﺽﺭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺀﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻭﺃ
ﻱﺭﺫﺠ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﻭﺃ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻠ
ﺓﺭﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻉﺎﻀﻭﺃ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ ."
ﺱﻭﻤﺎﻗ ﺎﻬﻓﺭﻋﻭ oxford
"
ﻭﺃ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﻭﺃ لﻭﺤﺘ ﺔﻁﻘﻨﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻘﺘﻨﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻓ
ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ
) (3
.
ﺔﻤﻬﻤ لﻭﺤﺘ ﺔﻁﻘﻨ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻠﻝ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﺘ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻘﻴﺭﻏﻻﺍ ﺏﻁﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﻡﺍﺩﺤﺘﺴﻹ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ لﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﺩﻭﻌﺘ *
،
ﻪﺘﻭﻤ ﺎﻤﺇﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﺼﻗ ﺓﺩﻤ لﻼﺨ ﺽﻴﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻔﺸ ﺎﻤﺇ ﺔﻁﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﺘﺭﺘﻴﻭ ،ﺎﻤ ﺽﺭﻤ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﺼﻤ ﺔﻅﺤﻝ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻭ .
) (1
،ﺓﺭﺎﻗ ﻭﺒﺃ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﻑﺴﻭﻴ :
ﺇ ﺓﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻷﺍ – ﺨﺩﻤ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻤ ل ،ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ،ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺀﺍﺭﺜﺇ ، -
ﺹ ،2009 : .21
) (2
: ،ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺍ ﻡﻴﻌﻨ ﺇ
ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ،
ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺴﻨﻠﻝ ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﺠ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ،
ﺹ ،2009 : .4
) (3
: ،ﻡﻼﺴ ﺢﻝﺎﺼ ﺩﺎﻤﻋ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺍﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺭﻭﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺍ
ﺔﻠﺼﺍﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ،ﻲﺒﻅ ﻭﺒﺃ ،
ﺹ ،2002 : .21
