Tigduda Tazzayrit Tamagdayt Ta erfant lif n Ulmud Unnig d Unadi Usnan Tasdawit Akli Mu end Ul Tubiret
Tazzeddayt n Tsekliwin d Tutlayin Agezdu N Tutlayt d Yidles n Tmazi t
Akatay N Lmaster Ta ult : tasekla
Asentel
S ur tinelmadin S lmendad n Massa
KHIAL Fahima MEDJADI Djedjiga
NACERI Amel
Imeskayeden :
Anemhal n usqamu :Mass LAOUFI Amar-Tasdawit akli Mu end Ul -Tubiret.
Anemhal n ukatay: Massa MEDJADI Djedjiga-Tasdawit Akli Mu end Ul -Tubiret. Ameskayad :Mass KACIMI Zidine- Tasdawit Akli Mu end Ul -Tubiret.
Azmez n tsalalt21/06/2016
Tasle t tasentalant d t essant n tmedyazt n
Sma il AZIKIW
Tazwart tamatut
Tasekla taqbaylit d agerruj i -d- an lejdud, tasuta tettak-itt i taye a ma s ubrid n tira ama s ubrid n timawit, d a ad naf tuget-ines tusa-d s timawit seg talliyin timenza abe da tallit n umsehres arumi ayen ye an ur ttarran ara yimnadiyen d yimussnawen ur-s lwelha ama s ur yiberraniyen ama s ur wid n tmurt .
Tamu li tamezwarut i d-yellan ef tmedyazt taqbaylit tella-d deg lqern wis 19 s ur yiserdasen irumyen (imegga n tedbelt tamsehrest) ef u ris aseklan yettune saben d tikkest tasnilsant i ef d-llant tezrawin-nsen timenza. Tamedyazt taqbaylit t edda-d ef snat n talliyin timensayin d tatrart. Tamedyazt tamensayt yettwassnen deg talliyin timensayin tedda-d s timawit, a ric seg-s ur yes i ara bab tedda-d ayla n tmetti akk, teqqen er wansayen tedda-d tegnatin n usnulfu, tallit-a a as n yimedyazen i d-yufraren deg-s am Si Mu end Um end, Ccix Mu end Ul usin.
Tamedyazt tamensayt ur teqqim ara kan deg tmawit, acku llant-d tezrawin i tt-ye an ad tekcem annar n tira s ufus n kra n yimussnawen ama d iberraniyen ama d wid n tmurt. Tamedyazt taqbaylit tamensayt tes a azal meqqren, te ef amkan s tehri deg wurti n usnulfu imawi si zik, as ula ma timetti taqbaylit si tmettiyin i d-yel an s timawit deg usiwe n ugerruj n tmussniwin si tsuta er taye , maca cfawat n yimdanen te rez a as n yi risen udyizen, i d-yemmalen azal ameqqran tefka tmetti i tmedyazt.
Azal-agi yettban-d di tudert n umdan n yal ass, am wakken i d-yenna umedyaz AT MENSOUR Ramdane : « Isefra n lejdud-nne , skud nu yid-sen tanumi, ur newzin ara
azal-sen, ur asen- n ulfa ara ac al layit ama d wid iwumi nesla, mi nella di ddu , ne d wid n tme riwin, ne wid iwiziwen, ne wid ixewniyen, mi neb ed fell-asen ttasen-d wa d-sen ad ten-id-nesmektay s tujjmiwin tikwal s le ben d ime awen » .1
Tamukrist
as n yimedyazen i yellan di tallit tansayt; seg-sen wid muca en am Ccix Mu end Ul usin, Si Mu and Um and , akken da en llan wiya d uffiren ur nettwassen ara am Sma il AZIKIW. Ihi, d acu-tt tmedyazt n Sma il AZIKIW, d acu-ten yisental i ef d-tewwi, d wamek i d-tella t essa n tmedyazt-agi?
Tazwart tamatut
D a iwakken ad d-nerr ef yisteqsiyen-agi, ad nawe ad d-nessegzi isental-agi ne fer tarrayt n SAL I Mu and Akli i d-yiwi ef tesle t tasentalant deg udlis-is “Kra n tsura i t uri
n tsekla - ef tsekla d t uri”, am wakken da en nesseqdec kra n yidlisen n umezruy, imi yella
wazemz, imukan d kra n wudmawen icudden s amezruy.
Iswi n unadi
Iswi-nne seg tezrawt-agi yebna ef wa as n t awsiwin : Ad d-nbeggen azal i yes a umedyaz-agi di tmetti.
*Asiwe n tmedyazt-is i tsuta n tura.
*Ad n er ma nezmer ad nessekcem tamedyazt-is deg wannar n tsekla taqbaylit. *Ad d-nbeggen isental, tallit, enf n tmedyazt n Sma il AZIKIW.
Turdiwin
*Ahat isental i ef i d-yiwi umedyaz Sma il AZIKIW qqnen kan er wayen tes dda tmetti di tallit n 1871.
*Yezmer isental i ef i d-yiwi, iwin-d akk ef temsal n tmetti n lawan n temhersa.
* Ahat tamedyazt n Sma il AZIKIW ur temxallaf ara ef tmedyazt tamensayt deg wayen ye nan lebni n t essa d yisental i ef i d-tettawi.
Tuddsa n umahil
Akken ad nawe er yiswi-nne nebna axeddim ef yiwen n u was yeb an ef sin n yi ricen, .
Deg u ric amenzu ye nan tizri, nemmesla-d ef tmedyazt taqbaylit tamensayt , niwi-d ta awact n yisallen ef umedyaz i d-yesnulfan ammud n yisefra i ef d-tella tesle t-nne . Ma d
ricI
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Awal ef tmedyazt tamensayt
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Tazwart
Tamedyazt d annar wessi en s wa as, tella-d si zik, yal tallit tettnerni armi i -d tiwe i nekni di tizi n wass-a. Ma neddem tamedyazt taqbaylit abe da tansayt ad tt-naf d tamerkantit si yal tama, xas ula ma drus ma i i -d-yiw en seg-s ; tamezwarut imi tusa-d s timawit,tis snat ur rrin ara ur-s lwelha, tis tlata axeddim i d-yellan fell-as yella-d ef ufus n yiberraniyen (isardasen irumyen). Deg u ric amenzu niwi-d yiwet n t awact n yisallen ef wayen ye nan tamedyazt tansayt, niwi-d awal di tazwara ef tmi rant-agi n tmedyazt, tami rant n tansayit, akken ara i d-nemmesla da en sumata ef tmedyazt taqbaylit tansayt ama si tama n tulmisin-is, isental i ef d-tettawi , akken da en i d-nemmesla ef kra n wid inudan di tmedyazt tansayt, er tagara niwi-d awal ef tmedyazt n 1871.
1-Tibadutin n tmedyazt
A as n tbadutin i d-yellan ef tewsit-agi n tmedyazt, tibadutin-agi mgaradent seg umnadi er waye , yal yiwen deg-sen yefka-d tmu li. Ad d-nebder gar-asen:
1-1-BOUCHIKHI Ahmad
Amnadi-agi deg usegzawal-is Petit dictionnaire de l’Analyse Littéraire, yexdem ef tesle t tasentalant yessawe ad d-yefk tabadut-agi i d-yeqqaren belli tamedyazt d awal unti, d tawsit i ye nan aseqdec n yifyar, yeqqen wazal-is er tal a.1
1-2-JOUBERT Jean Louis
Deg usegzawal La Poésie i yexdem, ula d netta yefka-d tabadut. ur-s tameyazt d tafukkist n wa raz n wayen i rewlen n ccfawat…Tella-d i wakken ad tesbed ayen i d-yeqqar umdan d wayen akk yettxemmim, akken d a en tettune sab d tal a n use biber, n u raz d usiwe ...2
1-3-SALHI Mouhand Akli
Dagi amnadi deg tbadut i d-yefka i d-yusan deg deg udlis-is aneggaru Kra n tsura i t uri n tsekla,
ta uri n tneqqist d usefru, yexdem amgired yellan gar tesrit d tmedyazt, abe da deg wayen ye nan
ta essa:«Tamedyazt d tawsit n tsekla ; tes a lew ayef i tt-issemgerden ef tesrit. Tuddsiwin d t essa
n tesrit d tid n tmedyazt mxallafent. Di tmedyazt, llan yiferdisen (am tme rut, am unya, am wakat, atg.) i issuddusen tal a n u ris. Ifyar, ttemse faren wa deffir wa ; yal mi ara yekfu yiwen ad
1 BOUCHIKHI (A.), Petit dictionnaire de l’analyse littéraire, éd Alger-Orient, 2009, p.132. 2 JOUBERT (J.L.), La poésie, éd Armand Colin, 2009, p.27.
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yernu waye s lqis ne s unya n umezwaru . Di tuget n ye risen, yettili wassa n umgada gar yifyar ama deg wanya ama deg wakat. Yezmer ad yili umgada-agi d amsade . Inaw n tmedyazt yeb a d amuren ; yal amur d afir».1
2-Tibadutin n tansayit
A as n yimawalen i d-yiwin ef tbadut n tewsit-agi n tansayit, ama s usebgen n la el-is d tbadut-is, assa -is, ama d wayen yezrin ama d wayen yellan d atrar.
2-1-DJEBOUR Abdnour
Amaru-agi yefka-d deg usegzawal-is aseklan tabadut n tansayit. ur-s tansayit d agraw n le wayed d wansayen i yettwassnen ur ugraw n yimdanen ne deg walba n temna in .2
2-2-DEMOUGIN Jean
Am waken i d-yenna umnadi-agi deg usegzawal-ines ef tsentalant d terrayt n tsekliwin di tsekla tafransist d tberranit: «Tansayit d a eddi n yidruyen d tumgisin ilmend n talliyin, am wakken
tettune sab d a eddi n uxemmem seg tsuta er taye » .3
2-3-
SALHI Mouhand Akli
Ula d netta, deg usegzawal-is amezyan n tsekla yefka-d tabadut i d-yeqqaren: « Tansayt ne
ansay ; yettawi-d ef tmussniwin d wazalen i tettak tsuta i taye . Ansay aseklan d ayen akk yellan d iberdan n usnulfu afaren yimdanen di tmetti. Iberdan-agi, zemren ad rzun twwsatin n tsekla akken d a en zemren ad ilin qqnen er lebni n yi risen d twuri-nsen di tmetti. Ma yella firen ara yimesnulfuyen iberdan-agi (i nnumen medden), atan ad d-tban tetrarit di tmetti».4
1 SALHI (M.A.), Kra n tsura i t uri n tsekla, 2.ta uri n tneqqist d usefru, éd Tira, 2015, p.75.
¹-19791
75
3DEMOUGIN (J.), Dictionnaire historique, thématique et technique des littératures, littérature française et étrangère,
ancienne et moderne, librairie Larousse, Paris, 1989, p.1666.
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12 3-
Inumak n usentel
Seg yinumak n wawal asentel, ayen i yeddan deg umawal n Gardes-Tamine & Hubert ideg d-nnan:«Asentel d tikti yettnernin s wa as n yinumak deg u ris n tsekla, kra seg tikta-agi icudd s
asugen, kra yes a assa er tilawt d tmetti n yal ass.»1
Deg wannar n tmedyazt tamazi t, a as n yinagmayen i d-yefkan tabadut i tmi rant-agi n usentel gar-asen HAMRI Bassou di tezrawt-is ef tmedyazt tamazi t di La las alemmas ama ribi, iwala:«Asentel di yal tasekla yemmal-d ayen akk yett ulfu umban d wayen yettidir di tmetti-ines.»2
Am waken i d-yenna da en SALHI Mu and Akli deg usegzawal-ines:« Di tesle t taseklant, awal
asentel yemmal-d takti (am tayri, am yinig, am ttar, am tmettant, atg.) i ef d-yewwi u ris. Yettban-d usentel n u ris ama deg uze a n wawalen (awalen mqaraben deg unamek) ama deg uze a anamkan ( tifyar d tugniwin n u anib mqarabent deg unamek). Az an aseklan akken i t-iwala Bachelard, d tasle t n uze a n tikta akked tal iwin n ubeddel n uze z-agi gar uze a n tikta d usugen n umaru».3
4- Tamedyazt taqbaylit tansayt
Tasekla taqbaylit teb a ef snat n tewsatin tamedyazt akked tesrit.Tamedyazt taqbaylit abe da tansayt tusa-d s timawit ama deg wayen ye nan timucuha, tumgisin, tamedyazt…D a tamedyazt tban-d s wa as di tsekla tansayt, anda d-tufrar deg uzgen wis sin n lqern wis 19 tallit tamenzut n unekcum afransis; imi imedyazen ssefrayen s wa as ef wayen s eddayen n l if d lmerta.
Seg wasmi yebda umdan yesnulfay-d tasekla, ye re kan akken amek ara tt-id-yessefhem, yeb ad yegzu (ad yefhem) d acu i d-yesnulfay, d wacimi i tt-id-yesnulfay, d wamek i tt-id yesnulfay. Asnulfu n tsekla di tazwara, yella yeqqen kan er ccna d cc . Zik, tamedyazt, tettili kan di tegnatin n ccna ne di tegnatin n cc ( ne di snat). Asmi tefreq t uri d le naf (cc , ccna, tasekla…) bdant tezrawin ef tsekla tta afent ta ult deg usme ren; ta ult-a n yiman-nsent kan ye li (ye zel) ef yinurar ni en.4
1 GARDES-TAMINE (J.) & HUMBERT (M.C.), Dictionnaire de critique littéraire, éd Gérès, Tunis, p.314.
2 HAMRI (B.), La poésie amazighe de l’Atlas central marocain : Approche Culturele et Analytique, Thèse de Doctorat,
université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès, Maroc, 2005, p.93.
3 SALHI (M.A.), Asegzawal ame yan n tsekla, ed L’Odyssee, 2012, p.40.
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5-Tulmisin ntmedyazt taqbaylit tansayt
Tamedyazt sumata teb a ef sin wannawen ama d tansayt ama d tatrart, yal yiwet deg-sent temxallaf ef taye abe da deg tulmisin gar-asent :
5-1-Timawit
Timawit d tulmist tagejdant i ef tebna tmetti taqbaylit tansayt di te zi n yiseggasen yezrin i yellan d lsas tettak tsuta i taye ; ahat ma nebder-d timawit ad d-nebder tame ut i yellan d tigejdit n uxxam mi tesserqas mmi-s ne mi tezzuzun-it…Ma nebder-d timawit ad d-nebder ifella en di tferkiwin-nsen mi i d- ttawin icewwiqen, ad d-nebder imjuhad deg udrar, ad d-nebder urar di tme riwin… Am wakken i d-yenna umnadi SALHI.M.A : « Timawit ur telli ara kan d ayen i d-ttawin medden
s yimi ; ur teqqin ara kan d a en er wansayyett eddin si tsuta er taye mebla ma sxedmen tira. Yessefk ad ne seb timawit d abrid (ttawil) i ssexdamen yimdanen akken ad idiren ta erma-nsen. Timawit d tira d sin n yiberdan s wayes tettili t erma… ».1
Ihi, timawit d allal sways ara d-nessebgen ayen tettidir tmetti si yal tama, am wakken i d-yusa deg wawal n yiwen n umussnaw YELLES.M : « Tasekla timawit tessebgan-d timetti anda tlul, imi
tettune sab d lemri n tudert n yigduden si tallit er taye ».2
5-2-Ase ru
D tulmist i ef i d-wekkden yimnadiyen, tettune sab d tagnit n tmenna yerzan ama d asnulfu, asiwe , ase biber, a awed…Imi yal tamedyazt tes a tagnit anda d-tennulfa d wanda ara d-tili ;amedya ur nezmir ara ad d-niniadekker di tme ra, ne tibu arin di l naza, ne tayemmat la tesserqas mmi-s netta ye es, atg.
Ad naf amnadi SAL I.M.A yefka-d yiwet n tbadut n use ru, yenna-d fell-as : « Tami rant n
use ru, temmal-d tudert n tsekla deg unagraw n timawit. Ase ru, d tignatin akk ideg yettili u ris aseklan (adeg d wakud), rnu er-sent iferdidsen yeqqnen er umennay ( d argaz ne d tame ut ? D amussnaw n t awsa ne d a effa kan ? d yimsefliden d wamek (ta ra) i d-yettwanna u ris (s ccna, s , s wallalen n lmusiqa, atg.). Ase ru ur d-immal ara kan yettilin berra n u ris ; d tami rant yes an azal ula deg yiferdisen i risanen . S use ru, yettili u ris yennekmal, acku anamek di tsekla
² SAL I (M.A), Op. Cit, p.68.
³ 2009
464 -465
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Awal ef tmedyazt tamensayt
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timawit yeqqen er yimeslayen d tefyar n u ris, er ta ect d unya d t ra n tmenna d tenfalit n tfekka n umennay (abe da udem-is d yifassen-is). Tin yernan er-s ittekki use ru di tbadut n tewsatin d
ennef n yi risen n tsekla di timawit». 1
5-3-Tazamulit
D tulmist i yeqqnen er u anib, ad naf amedyaz ansay ye re akken ad yessexdem di lebni n tmedyazt-is i yellan d allal n usnulfu ; Md amedyaz ma yeb a ad d-yini tirrugza ad yessexdem isem n yi ersiwen am yizem, lbaz, is i…Ma yeb a ad d-yini lahna ad yessexdem tafat, aje ig…
MD Berka-k nn uccn tne lin
Awin ur nessin Telha kan d yiman-ik
Lexrif hat er te dayin Mkul i d win Ala ke d ddra -ik2
D agi amedyaz yesseqdec awal n lexrif akken ad d-ibeggen cba a n tme d-
5-4-Tame rut
D tulmist yeqqnen er tal a n usefru.
Tame rut tettbeddil seg usefru er waye , llan kra n yisefra s an yiwet n tme rut seg mi ara yebdu usefru alma yessali a.a.b, ab.ab.ab…Llan yisefra ni en tettbeddil tme rut seg ufyir er waye . MD Bismi llah ad bdu ef lsas
Ad nekteb akerras Ceffe -t deg-s ankali
1 SAL I (M.A.), Op, Cit, p.39.
² 465
15
ef l il-a d amen as edda tilas Lma na ur deg-ne telli
6-Isental n tmedyazt taqbaylit tansayt
Ttuqqten yisental i ef i d-tiwi tmedyazt taqbaylit tansayt gar-asen :
6-1-Tamedyazt n tmetti
D tamedyazt i d-yettawin ef wayen i ce ben imdanen di tudert-nsen yal ass, am wakken i d-yenna umnadi NACIB.Y: « D ayen i d-yesmaggar umdan di tudert n yal ass, ama d ayen i ten-yessefra en
ama d ayen i ten-yesseqra en, ay-a yedda-d s telqayt di tmedyazt n lqern wis18 ».1
Am wakken tettwassen tmetti taqbaylit s tmeddurt ta erfit ; imi tella tbed ama ef usemres n tfella t am tyerza ama ef wayen ye nan aze a, tala t, lfe a…Asentel-agi n tmetti deg usnulfu udyiz ansay yettban-d ef sin n wudmawen ; udem amezwaru d ayen ye nan li ala n tem ict n yimdanen di tudert n yal ass ama d tigellelt ne d s aya, ama d tigujjelt, l erba, zwaj,berru atg.Udem wis sin yettawi-d ef yimenzayen n tmetti taqbaylit ama d l erma d nnif, le nya, tirrugza, akken d a en yella-d wayen s wacu ttamnen am lawliya…
MD id ameqqran yiwwe -d Wi is an ife el-d Degle rir d iqa ifa
Iru er tala issared-d Tameddit yeqqel-d
a-d ul-is yetthenna
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16 Ma i am nekkur s edd Ay i ri nndef-d Ma ttr idammen cenna16-2-Tamedyazt n wafrayen
Asentel-agi n yi ulfan ne nwafrayen ye ef annar meqqren deg usnulfu udyiz ansay, ay-a yettban-d ur wa as n yimeyettban-dyazen i yerran lwelha-nsen ur-s imi tessebgen-it-iyettban-d tmeyettban-dyazt tanesba urt i -yettban -d-yiw en ; xas ula ma t uza-t timawit, ma na cfawat n u ref erzen-t kksen a ric meqqren seg-s seg urebbi n tatut.
Asentel n tayri, xas ulama yu amkan s tehri deg tmetti taqbaylit tansayt, maca imenzayen i ef tbed tmetti xedmen-as tilisa. Am wakken i d-yusa deg wawal umussnaw NACIB (Y.) : « Yew er s
wa as usenfali ef yi ulfan-agi di tmetti taqbaylit tansayt s wudem usrid, imi nif d l erma medlen imawen n wid yem emmalen ».2Am wakken d a en i d-tenna tmussnawt YACIN (T.): « Timetti n
yi ulfan-agi ur zmiren ara ad d-ilin di tmetti yettwarzen s le wayed d wansayen… »3
6-3-Tamedyazt n ra
Drus ma i n te bula n umezruy i d-yiwin ef tsertit deg tmettiyin timensayin di talliyin-nni yezrin abe da timetti taqbaylit ; ad naf belli timetti-agi yebna le kem-is d le rac d teqbilin. Ma nu al er tanga tudyizt i d-yeff en di talliyin-agi lad a di tallit n lqern wis 18 armi d azgen n lqern wis 20, ad tt-naf teb a ef sin n yisental d igejdanen :
6-3-1-Amennu gar teqbilin
Sumata tamedyazt-agi tettawi-d ef umennu i d-yettilin daxxel n teqbilt ne daxxel n teqbilin akk ama ef nnif d l erma, ama ef ttar d s aya, lxilaf-agi er tagara igellu-d s u lluy n wa as n lerwa akken da en i d-igellu s lexsara d le qed daxxel n tnefsit n umdan, ayen ye an amedyaz ad d-yessenfali ef way-a s yisefra i yes a tamlilt ama deg u elluy ama deg usali n ccan n teqbilin. Ccwal-agi d umennu i d-yettilin gar yimdanen ne gar teqbilin yettu al d tagmat mi ara d-yekcem uberrani
1 BOUAMARA, (K.), Si Lbachir Amellah (1861-1930), un poète-chanteur célèbre de Kabylie, éd Talantikit, Béjaia,
Algérie, 2004, p.300.
2 NACIB (Y.), Op.Cit, p.77.
17
ne ucengu am wakken i d-yenna umussnaw GELLNER.E: « Nekk mgal gma, nekk d gma mgal
le mum, nekk, le mum, gma mgal ama al ».
6-3-2-Tamedyazt n tnekra ne n uzbu ( Tamedyazt n 1871)
Tanekra ta erfant t edda-d akk ef temna in n Lezzayer, seg wasmi i d-yessers ucngu arumi a ar-is ef tmurt-a di temna t n Sidi Ferre , seg wass-nni i yec el usafu n tegrawla mgal a daw i yeb an ad yerr tamurt-a d ayla-s, xas akken yessawe leb i-s deg wamur ameqqran n tmurt-a mac atamna t n Leqbayel teqqim-as d a wiq ameqqran ; ayen i d-ibeggnan ay-a d azgen n lqern i len akken ad tt-kecmen armi isen tu al d targit i d wass ; zran belli win ara yessaw en ad tt-yekcem ad yekcem deg umezriy si tebburt-is wessi en, ay-a akk yettu al er teb est d leb i d tezmert n yimezda -is armi tiwe ad tu al d azamul n tegrawla deg umezruy n tmurt s tirniyin-is yemxallafen ayen ye an iniral RADON ad d-yini ay-a : « Limer ad te li er er ad te li Lezzayer s lekmal-is, s wanect- ad
tekfu tegrawla ».1
ef wanect-a yesseqdec myal d allal n tekri akken ad yezre tigdin deg ulawen n yimezda . Ayen akk tedder temna t-a deg tagara n lqern 19 yessawe ad t-id-ibeggen umedyaz aqbayli s tekdit d tirrugza lad a imi ala netta i d amsuqqel n wayen tettidir tmetti-s. Amedyaz di tmetti-s yettune sab d azuren yett erriken i ulfan i d-yessakayen leb i n tegrawla deg wulawen, amedyaz ibeggen-d ttra ur d-yettili ara kan s ufus.
Ayen tedder tmurt n Lezzayer abe da tamna t n Leqbayel ma i d ayen ara d-nebder di tegnit-agi, acu kan ma neddem tagrawla n 1871 ad tt-naf d tin yes an tazrirt ef tmetti si yal tama, ama si tama n tsertit, idles, tadamsa, atg, ay-a ye a-tt ad tes u am iq-is di tezrawin i d-yellan ef umezruy n Lezzayer. Yal tikelt mi ara nsel s wawal-agi n tegrawla n 1871, alla -nne a -yawi er tallit-nni n Ccx Lmeqrani d Ccix Lheddad d nitni i d iqerra n tegrawla-agi, ce len i a n ra mgal acengu arumi.Tallit-a n 1871 iban-d deg-s wudem amaynut n tegrawla, ay-a yessebgen-it-id wayen i d-yeddan deg ugbur n tmedyazt-is ; send a elluy n temna t n leqbayel di tegrawla-agi, amedyaz yufa iles-is d amwanes akken ad d-yessefru ef wayen i t-yu en, imi ayen i s-d-te a tegrawla ma i d ayen ara ye deg wul-is.2
¹ 272
2
BENBRAHIM (M.), Poésie populaire kabyle et la résistanceà la colonialisation de 1830-1962,Thèse de Doctorat, 3ème cycle , sous la direction de CAMILLE LACOSTE DUJARDIN, Ecole DES HAUTES Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris, 1982, p.110.
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Awal ef tmedyazt tamensayt
18
Akken kan yessawe ucengu ad yekcem tamna t n leqbayel yebda are i n leqwanen-is, ay-a ur d-yelli ara s leb i n yimezda , imi tugin-nsen tessegza-t-id tmedyazt-nsen. Gar wid i d-yufraren deg wanect-a ad naf Si Muhend Umhend, Muhend Said Amlikec, Sma i Azikiw …
MD : Am wakken i d-yenna umedyaz Sma il Azikiw ef tneka n 1871
Wa d useb in d leflas Yerza medden deg wammas
Ay ixef-iw bed asefru
Acu ay d ssebba n ddwas ekkun-a medden fell-as
Asmi ye leq lbiru1
7-Tizrawin d yinadiyen ef tmedyazt tamensayt
Ine ruyen i tedder tmurt n Leqbayel ttune saben d iferdisen igejdanen i ye an tagerjumt n yimedyazen ad d-tetter eq s usnulfu udyiz anesba ur si yal tama. Asnulfu-agi yefka-d tugna ef yi ulfan n tigdin d le cic i teddem tmetti taqbaylit ef unekcum arumi. Maca ayen ur nelhi ara, imi azgen ameqqran seg tanga-agi eddan-d fell-as le yub n timawit terra-t deg urebbi n tatut, ma d azgen nni en i d-yegran yennejma s ufus n kra n yimussnawen tuget-nsen d irumyen acu kan iswi-nsen d amsehres, akken da en d-llant kra n tezrawin, ama s ur yiberraniyen ama ur wid n tmurt gar-asen ad d-nebder:
7-1- HANOTEAU ADOLPHE
D aserdas arumi di tallit-nni tamenzut n unekcum arumi, yura adlis isemma-as Poésie populaire
de la Kabylie de Djurdjura aseggas n 1867, yiwi-d deg-s amud ameqqran n tmedyazt n tallit
tamezwarut n temhersa, d a a ric amenzu ye na temedyazt n tegrawla i d-tessuffe tgerjumt n yimedyazen gar tallit n 1830 armi d aseggas n 1867 n d azemz n tuff a n udlis-a. A ric-a amenzu yiwi-d deg-s 16 n yisefra mgaraden ama di te zi ne di lebni seg umedyaz er waye .
1
19 7-2- BOULIFA AMAR SAID
D amussnaw azzayri, sse ren-t yirumyen yexdem deg tedbelt tamhersant yexedem inadiyen ef
tmedyazt tamensayt taqbaylit i d-yettawin ef una mgal arumi, yura adlis Recueil de poésies
kabyles 1904.
7-3- RINN LOUIS
Ula d netta d arumi, igmer-d snat n tezlatin Deux chansons kabyles surl’insurrection de 1871 n Said BEN DJELOUAH seg At Sidi Yahia taddart Tamokra n At Aidel de Guergour, imi amedyaz-a di snat n tezlatin-agi yewwet-d deg tegrawla d wid i tt-ixedmen lemtel n Bou-Merzaq d Cheikh Aheddad d warraw-is, akken d a en yerra tajmilt i yiserdasen irumyen am wakken i d-yusa deg tezrawt n M.BENBRAHIM.1
7-4- LUCIANI JEAN-DOMINIQUE
D asedas arumi, d anemhal ye nan lec aln yimezda , yettune sab seg wid yettnadin ad issinen
axemmem n yimezda , d a ijme -d amud n tmedyazt n tegrawla n 1871 n umedyaz Sma il AZIKIW, ifren-itt imi d i risen i we ren, awnen a as deg le u n tektiwin-nni n u areb mgal arumi.
7-5- BASSET RENET
Yura adlis L’insurrection de1871 dans les chansons populaires kabyles 1882, ula d netta d arumi iswi-ines ad i er axemmem n ugdud aqbayli ef udabu arumi, ye re ad yesse el myal ajerreb la d-yasen mgal anagraw amhersan, yexdem az an i u ris yura RINN (L.) Histoire de l’insurrection
algerienne1871 1891, abe da ef tegrawla n El-MOKRANI, yenna-d fell-as : « …Win yeb an ad er tikti i an ef tegrawla n 1871 ur yettu al ara er yidlisen maca ilaq ad i er tizlatin d tmedyazt n yimezda … ».2
7-6- MAMMERI MOULOUD
D amussnaw azzayri, gar wayen yura adlis Poémes Kabyles Anciens , deg u ric aneggaru n udlis-a yiwi-d udlis-amud n tmedyudlis-azt tudlis-a erfudlis-ant di temnudlis-a t n Leqbudlis-ayel ef 03 n yimedyudlis-azen iqbudlis-ayliyen udlis-akked krudlis-a n yi ricen i d-yiwin ef twa it n Wat Qassi d yiwen n usefru meqqren i d-yiwin ef tnekra n 1871 anda i tt-id-yeglem s telqayt, akken yura adlis Culture Savant, Culture Vecue.
1
BENBRAHIM, (M.), Op.Cit, p. 68.
2
ric
Awal ef tmedyazt tamensayt
20 7-7-BENBRAHIM MALHA
Deg tezrawt-is n Doctorat La Poésie Populaire Kabyle et la Résistance à la Colonialisation de
1830-1962 aseggas n 1982, tiwi-d ef tmedyazt taqbaylit tansayt n tegrawla si tama n umezruy,
tasnilest, tiwi-d ef wannawen n tmedyazt tansayt akken da en i d-tiwi ef tulmisin n tmedyazt tansayt …
Tamawt
Yal amnadi ne amussnaw aberrani ur nelli ara d azzayri i ixedmen tizrawin-is ef tmedyazt tazzayrit (tasekla sumata), iswi-ines ur yelli ara d ussnan maca iswi d anadi deg tmetti d uxemmen n
ref akken ad yishil ef umsehres ad yessiwse , ad ire i iman-is akken ilaq di tmurt n Leqbayel
8-Asisen n umedyaz
Ad d-nawi awal ef umedyaz Sma il AZIKIW, talalit-is tamna t anda yedder, tamedyazt-is.
8-1-Tamna t n umedyaz
Tezga-d ladayra n Bouzeguèna deg yimixfiw n Tizi Ouezou i ef teb ed s wazal n 70 Km, i
ud-itt-id seg usamar I er Ameqqran (Bgayet), seg ugafa Ti gi Akfalu, seg umalu Ldjeur, seg un ul Illoula, ma seg un ul usamar ad naf At Ziki. D ta iwant yebnan ef tansayit; ef tem ict n tfella t d tkessawt deg udrar, s umata te ef amkan arakal igerzen.
Ma nu al er l erc n At Ziki, ad t-naf yeb a d a as n tuddar gar-asent ad d-nebder Tal avt, Agouni Filken, Taourirt B’war, Iger Amrane, At Ayat yu alen d Mansoura, Amokrez Verqis, Iger Mahdi Voukhiar. Zik l erc-agi, yella yetbe er t iwant n Bouzeguène, ma d tura yu al d ta iwant imanis, d taddart yellan d ta awalit, ur txeddem ara tadamsa, ayen ye nan tasertit x anttyimezda -is, ur-sen d aman d udrar. L erc-agi yettwassen s wa as deg tegrawla d tnekra-nni n 1871, yettune sab d amedya muca en n ujahed imi tettwassen s teb est n yimjuhad-is armi ur tessawe ara Fransa ula ad tre i tirkizin-is ne ad texdem ula d yiwet n anazzant taserdasant deg-s.
D l erc-agi i d-yefkan amedyaz Sma il AZIKIW, ahat, i wumi nezmer ad nsemmi tura amedyaz n tnekra n 1871.1
1
21 8-
2-Talalit n umedyaz
Ilul umedyaz Sma il AZIKIW di taddart iwumi qqaren Tawrirt Bbarl erc n At Ziki lwilaya n Tizi Wezzu aseggas n 1839. Ilul di twacult yellan d tigellilt, yes a sin n watmaten-is Fa ima d Sa id? ac tem i-s d agujil mba d mi yemmut baba-s aseggas 1844, d a irebba-t jeddi-s Tahar, send yu al er xwalis du l arc n At Abbas lwilaya n Bjaya 1850 ( ayen akk i yellan d isallen fell-as ur d-beggnen ara ma yella d amdan ye ran ne ala, acu kan nnan-d fell-as belli yelmed leqran).
ur xwali-s yella yiwen n umedyaz iwumi qqaren Si Hmed, d netta i s-ifeqqen i tezmert-agi yes a deg usnulfu udyiz, yefka-as afus n lem awna yesselmed-as akk ilugan ilaqen akken ad yessefru.Tamedyazt-is tiwi-d isallen ideyyanen d yigra lalen i yerzan amezruy d tsertit, ibeggen-a -d belli d amdan yeff en i berra n tmurt-is, d win i d-igemren tamussni ; ikseb-d tirmit si tmura n berra. Llan wid i d-yeqqaren iru er Lmaruk aseggas n 1860 yezra-d tamdint n Fas anda yemlal din Charle Bivi d arumi i yerran azal i tgemmi ta erfant n tefriqt n ugafa d a te jeb-as tmedyazt n Sma il AZIKIW anda i tt-id-yessedda deg udlis-is Timawit tazzayrit i d-yeff en di tmurt n Fransa aseggas n 1873.
Aseggas n 1869 yu al-d er xwali-s, asmi tekker tegrawla n 1871 i emmed ad tili d allal s wayes ara yezre rru n umennu deg ulawen n yimdanen d walla -nsen akken ad kkren ad arben ef tmurt-nsen, yettextir amkan anda ttnejma en medden abe da leswaq ayen ye an tamedyazt-is ab tawe usamar n tmurt.
Ma nru er tmettant-is, ad naf llan wid i d-yeqaren tella-d aseggas n 1906, maca D.LUCIANI asmi i d-yessedda tamedyazt-is deg tes unt n tefriqt 1899 yenna-d belli yemmut uqbel.1
8-3-Tamedyazt n Sma il AZIKIW
Tettune sab tmedyazt n Sma il AZIKIW tudyizt ye nan tagrawla n 1871 d wayen akk i d-tegla n ccwal ef yimdanen n Zwawa i wes eddan myal d l if d lba el n ra , imi asmi i ten-te leb Fransa tesse el fell-asen myal d lmerta ; ttxelli en tabzart, ttekksen-asen tiferkiwin-nsen am wakken ttekksen i zzawiyat cci-nsent rran ebsen-tent si le kem imi d nitenti i yessa ayen i a n tegrawla. Am wakken u alen ef yiwerra n tuddar d yim ebren n tegrawla nfan seg-sen a as er tmurt n Kalidunya taj it . Amedyaz-a iglem-d akk ine ruyen n tegrawla abe da ayen yerzan ttar n Fransa seg yizzayriyen ; imi tawa it-agi te a-d lejru di tnefsit-nsen, t iz a as deg wulawen-nsen,
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Awal ef tmedyazt tamensayt
22
acu kan drus ma i i -d-yiw en n tmedyazt-is imi imdanen ef en kan tamedyazt ur rrin ara lwelha-nsen er tira, ma dayen yerzan agbur n tmedyazt-agi ad naf d tin yes an udem adyani (yettawi-d a as seg wawalen n ta rabt i d-yusan sileqran).1
8-4 -Amek i a -d-tiwe tmedyazt-is
Tamedyazt taqbaylit tansayt t edda-d ef wa as n yi ewwiqen i tt-ye an ur -d-tiwi ara akken ilaq (si tama yettili-d deg-s ubeddel abe da tin i d-yusan s tira taqdimt, si tama ni en tuget-ines tru di tatut, abe da tallit-nni tamenzut n unekcum arumi, amedya d tmedyazt n Sma il AZIKIW i nefren di tezrawt-agi-nne , imi drus ma i i nes a seg-s ma nmuqqel er yimedyazen insayen s an a as n wamud imi ssefrayen ef yal ta awsa di tmetti , di yal tagnit ara sen-yettunefken, ahat imi lawan-nni n umsehres ur s in ara lweqt ad arun ayen d-qqaren yerna yella-d fell-asen l ers s ur ucengu, ayen i d-yiw en n tmedyazt n Sma il AZIKIW d amud i d-yejme S.BEN ZEKRI i yuran s usekkil a rab yefka-t i userdas D.LUCIANI(imi BEN ZEKRI lawan-nni yella ixeddem di tedbelt tafransist), akken ad t-yezrew acu kan iswi-ines ma i d ussnan ; iswi-ines ad yissin amek yettxemmim ugdud aqbayli, ay-a akk yessedda-t-id D.LUCIANI deg umagrad yura di tes unt n tefriqt La Revue Africaine 1899.2 Ad naf M.BENBRAHIM temmesla-d fell-as deg tezrawt texdem ef tmedyazt n tegrawla lawan n umsehres 1830-1962, tenna-d : « D.LUCIANI d anes amu n l ukuma d anemhal n lumur n cce b, yettune sab seg wid yettnadin ad issinen amek yella uxemmem n yimezda n tmurt n Leqbayel s usnulfu adelsan, yura amud n yisefra ne n ccnawi n leqbayel f tegrawla n 1871 di tes unt n tefriqt…LUCIANI yeffren i risen d igensisen n tmedyazt ta erfant yeqqnen er tegrawla n 1871…Seg-s i d-nekkes tikta ef umedyaz Sma il AZIKIW mi yexdem asez en i tejma t n 12 i texdem tedbelt tafransist akken ad tesse li si ccan n tjemma it bi taddart, ay-a la sab ayen i d-yenna LUCIANI».3
1
FERRAD (M.A), Op.Cit, sp.
2LUCIANI (D.J.), Chansons Kabyles de Smail AZIKKIOU, Revue africaine, V.43, 1899, p. 3
LUCIANI (J.D.) : « …Je dois celles-ci à l’obligeance de M.Mohammed Said Zekri, imam à la mosquée de Sidi
Ramdhan médersa d’Alger, qui me les remises transcrites en caractères arabes, qui m’en a affirmé l’authen ticité et m’en a facilité la traduction » in La Revue Africaine. Nº43,1899, p.197.
23
9-Asisen n wammud n tmedyazt
Ammud n tmedyazt n Sma il AZIKIW, newwi-t-id seg tes unt n La Revue Africaine, seg umagrad i yura LUCIANI.J.D Chansons Kabyles de Sma il AZIKIOU, d ammud yeb an ef 09 n yisefra yal asefru s uzwel-is, yal asefru yes a u un n tseddarin yemgarad ef yisefra nni en, u un n tseddarin yiwe armi d 22 ar 24 n tseddarin .
Tagrayt
Di tagara ad d-nini belli ur nes i ara a as n yisallen yerzan amedyaz-agi imi axeddim-is mazal ur yettwazrew ara, as ula ma llan-d fell-as sin n yixeddmen d imec , yiwen anda amazray FARRAD Mu and Arezqi yexdem yiwen n umagrad anda d-yemmesla ef tmedyazt n Sma il AZIKIW si tama n umezruy, d axeddim i d-yellan s tutlayt n ta rabt.
ricII
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Tazwart
Amedyaz ma i d amdan menwala, ur d-neqqar ara di tfekka-s, maca ahat deg wayen yettxemmil ne deg wamek yettwali timsal, amgired gar-as d wiya , ili netta tamu li-ines yettak-as udem iceb en s wacu ara yessawe ad d-yejbed lwelha, amedya ef wanect-a d amedyaz Sma il AZIKIW deg yisefra-ines yexdem ef tedyanin n 1871, anda ne re nekkenti ad s-nexdem tasle t.
1-Tasle t tasentalant
Deg tesle t-a tasentalant , niwi-d awal di tazwara ef tbadut n usentel, si tama ni en ne re ad nessefruri akk isefra i d-yeddan deg wamud ; yal asefru ef wacu i d-yettawi, acu-tt tikti-s tagejdant, acu-t usentel-is s umata : yal tikelt mi ara d-nemmesli ef usentel nettu al er yidlissen n umezruy akken ad d-nessegzi tidyanin i d-yeddan deg-s.
1-1-Isental i ef yessefra umedyaz
Sma il AZIKIW yessefra ef wa as n temsal i d-tmugger tmetti taqbaylit; anda yessefra s wa as ef tnekra n 1871 d wayen akk i cudden er-s.
1-1-1-Tanekra n 1871:
Tanekra n 1871, yiwi-d fell-as BATACHE.A deg udlis-is Aperçu Historique sur la Kabylie, ur-s tettune sab d tnekra ta erfant ta elnawt. D udem n tugin i d-yefka ugdud azzayri ef unekcum arumi. Tettune sab am waken d akemmel i tnekriwin i eddan n Bouzaamoum di Mitija, l’Imir Abdelkader di l erb, Ahmad Bay deg usamer, Boubaghla d Lalla Fadhma N’Soumer di temna t n Leqbayel, te ra-d lawan anda amsehres yumen belli yiwe er yiswi-s.
Amsehres arumi ye re akken ad yesse bes ne ad yesse el tanekra-agi s wudem-is a elnaw, a isemma-as ra n ddin* i xedmen yimdanen menwala ne s ur yi ella ne iqerra n tuddar i yufan afus s ur wid n berra, maca tilawat dayen ni en : l er asertan ye a tanekra n 1871 ad tes u anamek asertan. Agdud yeb a ra ; b an ad kksen ddel ef yiman-nsen, ya ad ddren akken ilaq ne ad mmten ef tmurt-nsen.
Tanekra-agi te ef azal n useggas; si yennayer 1871 armi d 20 yennayer 1872 anda d- ran wazal n 340 n yimennu en taredsa i ten-yifen si yal tama ( azal n 80000 n yiserdasen).
Ayen yes edda ugdud azzayri ef ufus arumi d a as; ama s tebzar ttxelli en, ama s tukksa n tferkiwin-nsen, lla , ffad, lehlakat, ikemmel-as ujra i d-iwwten ef tmurt deg yiseggasen n 1865
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armi d 1868, ayen ye an ad tio lay tem ict melba ma nettu znezla i d-iwwten tamurt tegla s wa as n lmeytin.1
Deg usefru-agi, amedyaz iglem-d acu ye ran di tagrawla n 1871, tessenger merra imdanen ter a-ten deg wammas, ayen ye an amedyaz ad yessefru, ad d-yini ayen i t-yeqqer en d wayen yett ulfu daxxel-is.
Wa d useb in d leflas Yer an medden deg wammas
Ay ixf-iw bed asefru
Deg usefru-agi kan, amedyaz yesteqsay ef ssebba n umennu ne n tnekra n 1871, iglem-d tagnit ideg ttidiren yimdanen lad a wid yettwalasen tabzert. Amedya i d-iteddun ay-agi.
Acu n ssebba n ddwas ekkun-a madden fell-as
Asmi ye leq lbiru
Alba di ddin yettwalas Alba d yir aterras Tekkat tem art-is yettru
Im ebber n lawan-nni i wumi semman yurumyen Lxalifa A med ELMUQRANI, asmi iwala yir li ala anda w en, yessuter lem awna ur udayen fkan-as adrim yefka-t i yifella en akken ad refden iman-nsen ; asmi ur ssaw en ara yifell en ad rren tabzert-nsen ssar en akk ayla d tferka n wudayen-nni, d agi i yebda usurif amenzu i tnekra anda nnejma en la rac msefhamen ad kkren er l ihad, am waken i d-yusa di tseddarin i d-iteddun.2
Ass-nni mi eddan tilas Jem en di le rac kul-ass
Iyyaw er l ihad
1-BATACHE (A.), Aperçu historique sur la kabylie, LA VIE DR CHIKH EL HADDAD et l’insurréction de 1871, éd EL AMEL,
2010, p.p.135-136. ² -1995 300 -301
27
Llan syadi lkeyyas Nnumen gezmen aqer as
Deg zzman amezwaru
Nnan i rray d amessas Am irgazen am tullas Bu ttarix xas ad yaru
Mi ru di ddewla bu rkas Yettawi a win deg u erwas Win i essen wellah! ad ten-iru!
Tagara n usefru yekfa-t s dde wa er Rebbi akken ad yissifses fell-asen ta kemt. Awin ifezen i ef wass
Ned a-k s aba lkiyyas S lfe l-ik ay tferru
Barka-a addewla I met as Tarba t i men as
Lxu as d bururu
1-1-2-Tajma t n 12
Deg usefru-agi, amedyaz yemmesla-d ef tejma t n nac (12) i terra Fransa d aqerru ef yimdanen, tekkes amkan i tejma t n taddart; aqerru n tejma t n12 d amesba li, d amla bi akken i id-yeglem umedyaz, akken d a en id-id-yeglem akk udmawen n lba el d tmu eqranit i tessemres tejma t-agi ef yimdanen : ur in tilawin (tu al), im aren, tim arin, tullas,atg.
Tajma t-agi n 12 mi te ef le kem n tedbelt tessaxdam rrcawi akken ad s len cra n Rebbi d Nnbi, imi timetti n lawan-nni turez s wa as er tesre t .
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28
Ad d-ne ku, ay arrac ef tejma t n nac Brizidan-is d amla b
I lba el inuda le rac I tudrin akked le wac Ur ye i ula d a zaybi ama en i tu al tifrac aq din ulac Ssuq-nsen d imerbi I l aq yettnuz am leqmac I lba el d aberqac Amek ara ne me wabi
Deg wamur wis sin n usefru-agi, yiwi-d awal ef yimdanen yellan d iqerra n tuddar, teddun s aq, s an azal, ccan, tirrugza d lhiba, d imdanen n tidet s an azal, ur-sen lba el ulac, asmi I sen-yettwakkes rray d le kem u alen ddarayen iman-nsen seg wid ur niswi imi tella deffir-nsen Fransa tessel ay-iten.
Izem yellan d aberqac Yekcem deg leclac Yedduri deg le wabi
Yeggad awtul s tferrac Ne izirdiw s uxbac Yeff en fell-as s u erbi
Tteqqsen alba am le nac Ur yezmir ed ad d-yini lac
29
Lxuf i yeggezmen rrqabi
1-1-3-Les juges de paix
Asmi te li tejma t n nac, Fransa tesbed le kem amaynut yebnan ef lqa i d rejman-is; lqa i-agi d win yellan d a eqqi, lxedma-is zeddiget, acu kan rejman-is d yir netta, acku ur s- yessawa ara izen akken ilaq, yeqqar-as kan ayen yeb a.
rejman-agi (a erki) iglem-it-id umedyaz, yenna-d fell-as d win ur neswi ara, yeffe i ccra n Rebbi d Nnbi (d asekran ), adabu texdem-as ccan d wazal.
Mi teb el tejma t tru Gran-a -d lfuru Yiwe -d lweqt laman
Juj d bbi qa i cle Lxedma-as wellah ma tfu
Lukan ur yes i trejman
Ad d-yas er le kem cbu Ad yeqqim alama iru
Ur ye ri d acu ye ran
D asekran ur yesfull Itess ccrab deg uqeddu Ddewla tewqem-as ccan
1-1-4-Inazbayen: Mouhand Ameqqran Uqasi d li Uqasi :
Yiwi-d deg-s taqsi n tmurt n Leqbayel anda llan sin-agi n yinazbayen .
Mu and Ameqqran Uqasi d amezwaru, n an-t yi etmaniyen; xedmen-as taxazabit aseggas n 1820 uqbel akk ad d-le qen yirumyen di Sibou, ye a-d arraw-is gar-asen Belqasem Uqasi irewlen er xwal-is asmi n an baba-s yekkat mgal i etmaniyen. Asmi i d-kecmen yirumyen yessawel Dday Husin i l ihad, iger ti ri netta d Husin Za mum i tmurt n Leqbayel, yexdem l ihad-ines 18 n
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yiseggasen di Metti a, Blida seg 1830 armi d 1848 yes a a as n yi dawen : netta yettenna mgal arumi, le rac usan-d mgal-is, ayen i t-ye an ad ibeddel tikli ad yu al d arumi ye a akk ljihad-is, asmi iwala Limir Abdelqader isellem iman-is, Ahmed Bay fen-t s waya yu al d ax im n win ara d-yekkren mgal irumyen armi d asmi yemmut deg 1854 aseggas-agi i yemmut Buba la d a d netta i t-yewwten. Belqasem yes a yiwen n gma-s di Tunes (ay-a i ye an amedyaz ad d-yebder Tunes deg usefru-agi), gma-s qqaren-as li Uqasi, ula d netta yerwel asmi yemmut baba-s, asmi yesla s ra yexdem adek Ben A rab, iru -d er Lezzayer yiwi-d yid-s lem awna ama d lesla ama dirgazen, yekka daxxel n ra -nni n 1856 d rad s wacu i d-kecmen er yirumyen er l erc n At Ziki. D a deg sin n yisefra i d-yiwi ef yinazbayen-agi, yemmesla-d fell-asen s telqayt: ama ef tirrugza-nsen d lhiba d tissas s an, yenna-d belli d irgazen n wawal nnu en ef tmurt-nsen.
Mu and Ameqqran n At Qasi I ddheb n trusi
Lfe a bu ubzim ul iq
Mi yerra znad yeffussi Lbaru u r i Netta i teddu d ttel iq
Yebda ra deg Wat Qasi A yezwer tissi Kul l erc yebda ye ewwiq
1-1-5-Lmut n Baca a
Amedyaz d agi yemmeslay-d ef lmut n Mu amed Lmeqqrani i yellan d Baca a n lawan-nni, asmi yessekker ra mgal irumyen, ra i ye fen 50 n wussan, ass n 05 Maggu 1871, isardasen irumyen xed en-t-id asmi iru ad ye al hur netta d yimdukkal-is, d a wwtent-id s r n an-t yem el di Wat abbas.1 At Meqqran am lbzan
S tesmag d uzlan Men ir win irefden a udef
¹ 2010
65
31
Mi d-ye li usalas n zzan Lafrik d ime za Din ass-nni iyerrefref
1-1-6-Li ala n tmetti d umedde n Nnbi
Sma il AZIKIW, yebda asefru s la ef Nnbi d ucekker-ines d umedde n yisem-is s lew ayef igerzen: bu nnur, meb id ireq, eb lbureq, udem acureq. Akken da en yed a er Rebbi ad yessifses fell-asen tagnit, si tama ni en yekcem di li ala n tmetti i ibeddlen anda abent terkizin n tmetti; te li erma d nnif yu al deg umkan-is nnfaq d lba el d rrba, ula d imdanen beddlen ( i um ccrab gar-asen).
Ur nufi ed d a essaq Nuda deg leswaq
erma yifi-tt rruz
Win yeswan ccrab yetqelleq Ye a d amnafeq Yezger nnuba-s dlgazuz
Win ye an ar d ifelleq Iles-is i erreq Yeb a ad i ac s udebbuz
Tettuqqet lex ara di tmetti: i ab l eq, kfant le wayed, iglem-d l il-agi amaynut, icebbeh-it er lbeq imi d yir dderya, s len leqder n yimawlan .
Dderya n tura d lbeq Mi imeqqer ak-ixenneq Yenna-as ad t-yewwet s udzuz
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Ne ad yeffe d aserreq Ma iru d amsewweq I nnefqa-ines er wuruz
Zzman ef madden akk ye yeq Nezga-d n ewweq D usbi en akk am ube uz er tagara yed a er Rebbi ad yemmet, uqbel ad i er ktar n way-a.
1-1-6-Tasertit tamhersant:
D agi amedyaz yu al armi d tallit-nni asmi d-tekcem Fransa er tmurt n Lezzayer, yemmesla-d akk ef wayen tes edda tmurt ef ufus n umsehres, yuder-d akk le naf n tmu eqranit d tekrit i tessemres ef yimdanen; ur in ula d wid yemmuten imi keflen ula d lemqaber, ti gi tu al d le ram, iwin taferka armi imdanen zzenzen ula d lmal, tmurt, atg.
Tewwim lemqaber d cmul Ula anda yeqqen u yul Wagi d le jeb ay tennam
Bu t en deg-sent imul Yezzenz-itent d amedlul Mi t ar l aba d le ram
Ul-im a Fransa med ul Imi txezre s amehbul
33
Tamawt
Timetti tansayt teqqen a as er tdiyyanit, ay-a ssbegnen-t-id yimedyazen deg yisefra-nsen, imi tuget deg-sen ad ten-af ama di tazwara ama di tagara ssemrasen awalen ne tifyar i d-yettawin lat d umedda n Nnbi. Ay-a nemlal-it-id deg wamud n tmedyazt i d-negmer n umedyaz Sma il AZIKIW, imi yugem-d a as si leqran ibder-d aba d lanbiya, ad naf amedyaz-a yal tikelt ikeffu asefru s unaji d dd awi er Rebbi.
1-2-Iferdisen n ugbur
Dagi ad d-nemmeslay ef kra n yiferdisen yerzan agbur.
1-2-1-Amawal
Tamedyazt taqbaylit tansayt, am wakken ne ra, tiwi-d a as si tutlayin ni en ama si ta rabt ama si tefransist, abe da ta rabt imi tettune sab d tutlayt n leqran akken da en amur ameqqran n yimedyazen lemden leqran di tem emrin d a ad naf amedyaz Sma il AZIKIW am yal amedyaz ansay yesseqdec awalen si tutlayin-agi.
Awalen n ta rabt: amejhul, cc ur, lqelb, leqmac, lem ac, lebruj, le nac, wab, le wabi, rrqabi, zzman, lac, atg.
Awalen yeqqnen er ddin: amalat l abi, ta allit rem an, le req s ufan, rsul, nnbi, sidna Nu , sidna Yusef, ddin bismi llah, atg.
Awalen n tefransist: juges de paix, brizidan (président).
Akken da en ara naf yesseqdec a as n wawalen iqburen ur nettwaseqdac ara tura: leclac, ulciq, ssusi, ttel iq, a riq, amrecci, a far, ime as ankali, rmali, atg.
Amedya: ad naf awal ssusi yemmal-d ayen i wumi qqaren s ta rabt zzawiya ne “ ariqa”. D agi ad d-nemmesli ef kra n yiferdisen yerzan agbur.
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1-2-2-Tumnayt
Am waken i tt-id-yesbadu SAL I: « D tugna yeqqnen er ubeddel n yinumak n wawalen, yerna
ur yelli wassa gar-asen (ma i am wid n tay isemt d tengisemt). Llan wid iwalan tumnayt amzun d takanit wezzilen (mi ara yettwakkes wallal n tkanit»1.
Amedya seg usefru amezwaru
*Ilba el d aqerdac* Yesserwes lba el er uqerdac, melba ma yessexdem allal n userwes.
Tumnayt temgarad ef tkanit, imi di tkanit yettil-d wallal n userwes. Amedya ef tkanit:
*Il eq yettnuz am leqmac* Icebbe l eq er leqmac yettnuzun di ssuq, l eq yu al ur yeswi ara.
Allal n userwes
*Tteqqsen alba am le nac* Icebbe yir imdanen dilexdayem-nsen er yizerman yetteqqsen
Allal n userwes
1-2-3-Allus
D a awed n wawalen ama di tazwara n yifyar ama di tlemmast, ama di tagara, ad d-nefk amedya : Di tazwara win yettmeyyizen, essi
Win ye ran ssusi Win ifehmen ad yett eqqiq
35
Di tlemmast Zzenzen medden le rus Rnan ula d lbus
Tagnit ef medden tezwar Di tagara, ulac amedya deg wamud I d-niwi.
1-2-4-Amside
Amside ye na taseddast n yifyar; yessefk ad mse faren sin n yifyar ne ugar, wa ad yili lebni n essa-nsen d yiwen.
Amedya: Yekcem deg leclac bnan ef yiwet n t essa Yedduri di le wabi (amyag, tanze t, isem)
1-2-5-Taseddast
Taseddast d lebni n yifyar, amud i d-niwi yebna ef yiwen n wudem; drus anda myezwaren wawalen.
Amedya: *Di amrawa i yu am iq* l el-is ilaq ad tili akka*Yu am iq di amrawa* * *Alba di ddin yettwalas* *yettwalas walba di
Tamawt 01
Abeggen n yisental i ef ttwabnan yi risen-agi n tmedyazt i d-niwi ma i dayen isehlen, yew er fell-a ad ten-id-nbeggen s ttbut, . acku yal tikelt ilaq ad nu al er yi risen n umezruy, akken da en risen-agi mqaraben, tikta ttemcubbakent deg ugbur n yal a ris, timu liwin ttemyekcament ayen yettawin er timsullest deg yinumak. MOUKHLIS Mohamed deg wawal-is ef tesle t tasentalant n tmedyazt yenna-d:«Yes eb ma i ef unagmay ad yawe ad d-ibeggen isental n yi risen n tmedyazt s
wudem ubriz, imi anect-n icud er tikta d usugenn umedyaz, tikta-agi d usugen i yettemgiriden seg ris er waye ».1
1 -MOUKHLIS (M.), Introduction à la poésie tamazight : analyse thèmatique de tamedyazt, in actes de la quatrième
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Tamawt 02
Ayen ye nan taseddart, ad naf txulef ci tamedyazt tansayt imi yal asefru i edda i wu un n tseddarin i nennum di tmedyazt tansayt d a ad naf kra n yisefra s an armi 22 ar 24 n tseddarin ay-a yessawe -a er yiwet n tikti ne er yiwen n usteqsi i d-yeqqaren :Ayadra nezmer ad nessismel tamedyazt-agi deg tewsit n teqsi t? Imi ad naf BENBRAHIM Malha, deg tezrawt-is La Poésie
Populaire Kabyle et la Resistance à la Colonisation de 1830-1962, temmesla-d ef wannawen
udyizen anda d-tegla taqsi t tenna-d fell-as :Tiqsi in d ullis ezzifen s wudem n tmedyazt…am tmedyazt i d-negmer yes an 40 ar 50 n yifyar yebnan ef yiwet n tme rut(a-b) ne (a-a-b). Annaw-agi n tmedyazt yes tun iqin (7-7) ne (7-5-7), anda ara d-naf HANOTEAU (A.) 1867 igmer-d ammud meqqren n tmedyazt-a yes an assa er uzbu ne er tnekra.
Syin tkemmel-d awal tenna-d : 03 ar 05 n yifyar imenza n yal ullis rzan kan taqsi t, as ula ma ur in ara akk assa er usentel n usefru, seg wullis er waye ad d-naf ifyar-agi tettili-d deg-sen dde wa er Rebbi d Nnbi; ay-a ama di tazwara ama di tagara n yisefra.
Ihi, la sab tazrawt-agi n BENBRAHIM.M : Kra n tulmisin tes a-tent tmedyazt nufa-tent ula di teqsi in, sway-a nezmer ad nessismel tamedyazt-agi deg tewsit n teq iqt,
Sma il AZIKIW, s tesle t-agi tasentalant i nexdem, yessawe a -d-yefk isallen i an ef tnekra-nni n 1871, s wudem iceb en s wa as, iglem-d akk ayen ye ran s telqayt di kra kan n yisefra.
37
2- Tasle t ta essant
Deg tesle t-agi niwi-d awal ef t essa n usefru d unamek-is; nemmeslay-d ef usefru d tseddart, ifyar, tame rut d wakat, yal tikelt nettu al er wamud nettak-d imedyaten ef yal asefru
2-1-Tabadut n t essa
A as n yimnadiyen i ixedmen ef tmi rant-agi n t essa, llant-d wa as n tbadutin fell-as, ttemxillifent seg umnadi er waye , acu kan anamek i ttawint d yiwen, gar tbadutin-agi ad d-nebder tin i d-yefka AQUIEN Michèle, yenna-d belli tami rant-agi n t essa d tagejdant deg tezrawin d-yettilin ef tmedyazt, abe da ameslay udyiz.1
Michéle yessedda-d yiwet n tukkist i d-yiwi seg udlis n GENETTE.G. yemmesla-d fell-as yenna-d : Yal tazrawt n yisnulfuyen uyenna-dyizen yessefk ayenna-d byenna-dun s wayes iwumi qqaren ta essa n umeslay udyiz. 2
2-2-Anamek n usefru
A as n yinumak i s-yettunefken, gar-asen ad naf :
2-2-1- ur SAL I Mu end AKli
Asefru a ar-is FR.
Awal-agi asefru, ur nezmir ara ad t-nessemres ef yiwen kan n enf udyiz i yiman-is, yemmal-d yal annaw uyemmal-dyiz yellan ama ezzif ama wezzil, yemmal-yemmal-d tal a tasekkat, ma na-s yes a tlata n tseddarin, yal taseddart tes a tlata n yifyar, amezwaru d wis sin s an yiwet n tme , wis tlata yemxallaf.
ur SAL I asefru yezmer ad yilid izli, d a a, d taq it, d acewwiq atg, ttemcaraken akk ama deg ugbur ama deg u ru udyiz.3
1-AQUIEN (M.), Dictionnaire de poétique, Ed Le livre de poche, 2010, p.p286-287.
2 -*Toute etude des grandes créations poétiques devait commoncer par concéderer ce que l’on appelé récemment la
structure du langage poétique.* in
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2-2-2- ur AMRI Djamal
U la d amnadi-agi yefka-as azal I usefru di tezrawt-is, yemmesla-d fell-as yenna-d:
«Asefru d lebni n unamek-is lqayen yesdewwix, yezzuzun, yesduqqus, yessakay amseflid yettak
ljehd I wawal ur u eddad-is deg yisefra nettaf tilufa i d-yessuffu si daxxel-is, fi el ad yili ucuddu deg-sent deg way-a nettaf deg usefru amgired i ized en gar usefru d waye , yettili gar umedyaz d waye deg umgired n tudert d tmu li tasugnant gar yimedyazen»1.
Ma nu al er wamud i d-negmer n umedyaz Sma il AZIKIW, ad t-na yeb a ef 09 n yisefra , yal yes a azwel-is mgaraden deg wac al n tseddarin yes a yal yiwen .
Amedya:
Asefru amezwar Tadyant n 1871 Asefru wis Lejma
Asefru wis kra Les juges de paix
Asefru wis ukuz Mu amed Ameqqran Uqasi
2-3- Taseddart
Deg usegzawal n SAL I, taseddart d taggayt n ufyir yeddukkulen ama s tme rut ama s tuddsa n yifyar ; akken da en yezmer d asentel ara ten-yesdukklen.2
Deg wamud n tmedyazt i d-negmer ad naf u un n tseddarin yettemgirid seg usefru er waye , yal taseddart tettkemmil taye deg yiwen n usefru:
Asefru 01 09 n tseddarin Asefru 02 11 n tseddarin Asefru 03 07 n tseddarin Asefru 04 20 n tseddarin Asefru 05 18 n tseddarin Asefru 06 09 n tseddarin
1 AMRI (D.), Anadi di tmedyazt( tasle t n udyiz di tmedyazt n teqbaylit) idlisen-nne , Ed HCA, 2007, sb. 11. 2 SAL I (M.A.), Op, Cit.p.
39
Asefru 07 18 n tseddarin Asefru 08 24 n tseddarin
Asefru 09 14 n tseddarin
MD Aqla di zzman amerbu
Am lqum n Sidna Nu Nggad l req n ufan
2-4-Afyir
2-4-1- ur SAL I
«Afyir d tayunt gar tayunin i yessuddsen asefru.
Di tira, tayunt-agi tettwaru iman-is s yiwen n ujerrid. Taggayt n yifyar( i yesdukkel wakat ne tesdukkel tme rut ne asentel tettak-d taseddart, taggayt n tseddarin tettak-d asefru.
S umata, llant snat n tmu liwin i d-isfehmen d acu i d afir.
Tamezwarut, teqqar-d : akken ad yili wafir issefk ad t-id-iqabel wafir ni en. Ma sub, ur yrzmir ara ad yili yiwen n wafir iman-is(xer um ad ilin sin n yifyar ). D assa -nni n umgada gar-asen i as-ittaken i yal yiwen deg-sen azal n wafir. Ittusemma mi ara ilint snat n tefyar msawant deg wakat ne deg wanya(ne deg wakat akked unya) ttu alent di snat yid-sent d ifyar : d a dal-nni edlent i tent-yerran akken.
Ma d tamu li tis snat, afir, r-s d ini i afaren yiwen n uzenzi n wakat.
Di teqbaylit, llan sin n lesnaf n yifyar. Afir a erfi d wafir uddis. Ittune sab wafir d a erfi mi ara yili yemmed mebla ma yefreq d i icen.
Ma d afir uddis, yeb a d i ricen ; ittusemma yebna ef sin ne tlata n yi ricen ».1 Deg wamud n tmedyazt n Sma il AZIKIW ad naf yiwen kan n enf n yifyar, d afir ilelli.
b- ur MAMMERI (M.), Afir yebna ef sin n yiferdisen tun iqin akked tme rut2.
1SAL I (M.A.), Asegzawal ame yan n tsekla(petit dicionnaire de littérature), Ed L’ODYSSEE, 2012, p.p.16-17. 2 -Mammeri (M.), Culture savante, culture vecue, Ed Tala, Alger, 1991, p.84.
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Afir ilelli
« Qqaren ef yifyf d ilelliyenmi ara yes u yal yiwen deg-sen akat iman-is ne mi ara 75mgaraden yifyar n yiwen n usefru deg lebni n tkatit-nsen. Me sub, ur teq id ara tkatit n ya n ywen n uefru s yilugan n wansay n medyazt. Tuddsa n enf-agi n yisefra, tettili-d kan s unamek ne sunya n yifyar ( ne di sin) .1
Amedya i d-nefka, nekkes-it-id seg usefru wis ukuz(4) : Mu amed Ameqqran Uqasi MD Mu ed Ameqqran n Ayt Qasi. afir ilelli
I ddheb n ttrussi, afir ilelli Lfe a bu ubzim ul iq afir ilelli
Ma lah, a bab lkursi. afir ilelli Lbay atunsi, afir ilelli
Di amrawa i yu am iq afir ilelli
2-5-Tame ut
Tame rut am wakken i tt-id-yesbadu SAL I : « Dallus n imesli ne n trugma n yimesla (am tun iqt) di tagara n yifyar. Iwakken ad tili tme rut, issefk xer um ad ilin sin n yifyar i deg i yella wallus-agidi tagara-nsen.
S umata di tmedyazt n teqbaylit llan sin n le naf n tme rut ( la sab n wac al n yimesla i d-yettwalsen)i d-yettu alen s wa as ».2
S tira yettwassnen zik, llant snat n tal iwin i d-yettu alen a as. Yiwet, tebna ef umse fer n n snat n tme rutin A-B, taye , tebna amwakka :A-A-B3.
(A-A-B), d tame rut i wumi qqaren *tame ut tamexlu t*, d tal a n tme rut i ef yebna akk wamud n tmedyazt i d-niwi, yal asefru tame rut-is ur tettbeddil ara seg mi ara yebdu armi yessali
1 -SAL I (M.A.), Op.Cit, p.18. 2Ibid, p.18.
41 Asefru 01 MD
Wa d useb in d leflas
Yer a medden deg wammas tame rut(s-s-u) Ayixf-iw bed asefru
Llan syadi lkiyyas
Nnumen ggezmen tame rut(s-s-u) Deg zman amezwaru
Barka-a a ddewla imet as
Tarba t imen as tame rut(s-s-u) Lxu as d bururu
Deg umedya-agi i d-nefka, nekkes-d seg usefru amezwaru kra n tseddarin, yiwet si tazwara, yiwet si tlemmast, taye si tagara, ma nger tamawt tame rut n usefru-agi akk ur tbeddel ara (s-s-u) , snat n tergalin d te ra.
Asefru 02
Amedya-agi ur yemxallaf ara ef umedya amezwaru, tame ut-is(A-A-B), acu kan dagi tbeddel tergelt d te ra yellan deg umedya-nni amezwaru.
MD Ad d-ne ku, ay arrac
ef tejma t n nac tame rut(c-c-i) Brizidan d amla bi
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A wi ur ne lem ac
Kkes fell-a a amac tame rut(c-c-i) Ula ma d jjuj d bbi
Asefru 03, asefru 06, asefru 08, asefru 09 bnan akk ef yiwet n tme rut, tin iwumi qqaren-as *tame rut n tergelt*, xas ula ma tusa-d s tal a n tme rut tamexlu t.
Asefru03 MD Aqla di zzman amerbu
Am lqum n Sidna Nu tame rut ( -n) Neggad le req s ufan
Asefru 06 MD Nekk asmi he leqran
Ta allit Ram an tame rut (n-n-f) emde Rebbi d l aref
Asefru 08 MD la ef-k a Nnbi bu tisas
Ay i lmen eq tame rut (q-q-z) D abninan axir n l uz
Asefru 09 MD Dderya n tura d lbeq
Mi meqqer ak-ixneq tame rut (l-l-m) Yenna-as ad t-yewwet s uzduz
43
Deg usefru-agi, yella-d ci n umgired deg tme rut, imi di tazwara tella-d tme ut I xel en (i-i-q), tbeddel er tseddarin tineggura tu al d tame rut s tergelt (r-r-q).
MD Tissas n yizem awe ci
Mi iqeddem l aci tame rut(i-i-q) Win ye yan yezwir s am iq
Yetti aqelmun ru far
B an amecrar tame rut(r-r-q) Yendelbu llebsa n rqiq
Asefru 07 MD Reb a waguren texsi
Tiyersi i cudden tefsi tama rut(i-i-r) A lil u ezfan la mar
Zzenzen medden le rus
Rnan ula d lbus tame rut(s-s-r) Tagnit ef medden tezwar
Tameqqrant deg nkasi
D lhemwin yellan d asbaysi tama rut(i-i-r) D netta ay d ssebba n lefqar
Deg umedya-agi n usefru wis 07, ad naf akk tiseddarin yebna-tent ef yiwet n tme rut (i-i-r), acu kan yessemxillef taseddart tis 06, tame rut-is tettfakka s tergelt (s-s-r).
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2-6-Akat
Akken i t-id-yesbadu SAL I : « D tuddsa tagensayt n wafir. Di teqbaylit, akat, yebna ef um an d usuddes n tun iqin deg wafir ».
Amedya seg usefru wis 04 :
Yebda ra deg WAT QASI Ay yezwer tissi Kul l erc yebda ye ewwiq
Am an n tun iqin
Yeb da ra deg wat qa si//a yez war ti ssi//kul l erc yeb da ye e wwiq 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Akat n wafir
Yeb da ra deg wat qa si//a yez war ti ssi//kul l erc yeb da ye e wwiq 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Afir-agi n Sma il AZIKIW, yes a 19 n tun iqin, akat-ines 7-5-7. Akat-is, d tuddsa n tun iqin di tlata n yi ricen-agi.
Amedya seg usefru 01:
Wa ed useb in d leflas Yer a medden deg wammas
A yixf-iw bed asefru
Am an n tun iqin
Wa e du seb in dlef las//yer a me dden deg wa mmas//a yix fiw be da se fru 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
45 Akat n wafir
Wa e du seb in dlef las//yer a me dden deg wa mmas //a yix fiw be da se fru 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Afir-agi, yes a 21 n tun iqin, akat-is 7-7-7.
Tagrayt
Lebni n usefru d yiwet seg limarat i ef tre a tansayit, neb a ad d-nini s lebni n usefru, ayen akk icudden er t essa n usefru n tulmisin i t-ye an yemxallaf ef lesnaf n tesrit, am tme rut, afir, tiseddarin, d akat. Timsal-agi merra ttbegginent-d lsas amenzu i ef yettwabna usefru aqbayli ansay.
er tagara n tesle t-agi ad d-nini belli akk isefra-agi n wamud id-niwi, bnan ef yiwen n enf n wafir (afir ilelli), s an akk yiwen n unagraw, acu kan tame rut tettbeddil seg usefru d waye .
Tagrayt
tamatut
47 Tagrayt tamatut
Tazrawt-nne Tasle t tasentalant d t essant n tmedyazt n Sma il Azikiw, tiwe -d er tagara-s anda ara d-nbeggen igemma i er nessawe i a -d yellan d iswi segmi d-nefren asentel-agi. Asenteli i -yiwin ad d-negmer ammud n yisefra n umedyaz-agi seg “La Revue africaine” anda i ten-d-yejme LUCIANI.J.D deg umagrad iwumi isemma “Les chansons
kabyles de Sma il AZIKIW” .
Tazrawt-agi nebna-tt ef kra n yisteqqsiyen: D acu-tt tmedyazt-agi n Sma il AZIKIW? D acu-ten yisental i ef d-tettawi, d wamek d-tella t essa-ines ? Tiririt ef yisteqsiyen-agi nebna-tt ef tarrayt n SAL I M.A, i d-yiwi ef tesle t tasentalant, akken da en nsenned tiririt-nne
ef kra n yidlisen n umezruy.
Seg yigemma imenza nessawe ad naru isefra n umedyaz-agi s tira tamaynut, imi nufa-ten ttwarun s tira taqdimt. Ammud-agi n yisefra i tezmer ad te bu tatut am wakken te ba isefra n yimedyaze nni en, ru en ur d-banen ara. S uxeddim nexdem nefka tudert n lebda i yisefra n Sma il AZIKIW, yerna ne ya-d isem-is ara d-yernun ljehd iwurti asefran aqbayli n tallit tansayt.
Deg u ric wis sin n tesle t ; tasle t n usentel d tesle t n t essa. Deg wayen ye nan isental, nuf ammud n yisefra n tmedyazt-agi ibeggen-a -d belli agbur n yi risen-is icud s amezruy yes a assa er d tmetti ideg yedder d wayen akk i ac n yine ruyen i d-i eddan ef temna t n Leqbayel di tallit-nni. Tuget n yisefra-ines yebna ugbur-nsen ef lmerta d l if d tmu eqranit tedder tmetti taqbaylit lawan n umsehres, rnu er-s deg wammud-agi nufa belli llan wa as n yisefra izwal-nsen mmalen-d srid asentel, akken llan wiya yemxallaf uzwel d usentel i ef i d-yettawi usefru. Ma d amawal n yisefra-ines, ad naf am yal tamedyazt tansayt yestuqqet deg-s awalen n ta rabt, awalen n tefransist, awalen yeqqnen er ddin, imi timetti taqbaylit tre a ef tdiyyanit akken da en yesseqdec a as n wawalen iqburen ur d-negri ara tura di timawit.
Deg tesle t ta essant, nf tamedyazt n Sma il AZIKIW ur txulef ara tamedyazt tansayt, anda yessemres yiwen n unagraw n tme rut (a.a.b) yettune saben d tulmist tagejdant i ef tebna tmedyazt tansayt, akken da en u un n yifyar n yal taseddart ur zaden ara ef kra (03) n yifyar (imi am waken nezra di tmedyazt tansayt, ttilin (03) n yifyar i tseddart).
Tagrayt tamatut
48
Tagara n tesle t, nessawe ad nessismel tamedyazt-agi n Sma il AZIKIW la sab tazrawt n
BENBRAHIM M. Deg enf n tqessi t; d taqessi t i d-yusan s wudem n tmedyazt. . Ihi, d tigi s umata i d igemma i er tessawe tezrawt-agi-nne ef tesle t n tmedyazt Sma il
Amawal
50
Awal s tefransist
Awal s teqbaylit
-Chef
-Courant
-Indice
-Cas
-Phénomène
-Matière
-Fidélité
-Agent
-Administration
-Qualité
-Locale
-Impôt
-Retaite
-Financier
-Conseillern.m
-Représentation
-Violence
-Energie
-Poste
-
-
ella
-Adruy
-Amatar
-Tajrut
-Tumant
-Tanga
-Takdit
-Ameggi
-Tadbelt
-Ta ara
-Tadigant
-Tabzert
-Tasta t
-Anazraf
-Anis amu
-Tagensest
-Takrit
-Azuren
-Tanazzant
-
51
-Achèvement
-Résistance
-Allusion
-Géste
-Récitant
-Akufu
-Azbu
-Awehhi
-As al
-Amsawal
Ayen ye nan amawal, nesseqdec yiwen n umawal n HADADOU Mouhand Akli, Dictionnaire
53
-Idlisen n tefransist
1-BATACHE, (A.), Aperçu historique sur la Kabylie, LA VIE DE CHEKH
ELHADDAD ET L’insurrection de 1871, éd EL-AMEL, 2010.
2-BOUAMARA, (K.), Si Lbachir Amellah(1861-1930), un poète-chanteur
célébré de Kabylie, éd Talantikit, Bédjaia, Algerie, 2004.
3-MAMMERI, (M.), Poèmes Kabyles Anciens, éd Mahdi, 2009.
4-NACIB, (Y.), Anthologie de la poésie kabyle, éd Andalouses, Alger, 1993.
5-YACIN, (T.), L’Izli ou l’amour chanté en kabyle, éd Bouchène, Awal, Alger,
1990.
-Idlisen n tmazi t
1-AT MENSOUR, (R.), Isefra n At zik, Poémes kabyles d’Antan,version
bilingue, HCA, 2014
2-HAMRI, (DJ.), Anadi di tmedyazt (Tasle t n udyiz di tmedyazt n teqbaylit),
idlisen-nne , éd HCA, 2007.
3-SALHI, (M.A.), Kra ntsura i t uri n tsekla, 1- ef tsekla d t uri, éd Tira, 2015.
4-SALHI, (M.A.), Kra n tsura i t uri n tsekla, 2-ta uri n tneqqist d usefru, éd
Tira, 2015.
-
Idlisen n ta rabt
1
-1995
.
2
-1
1979
.
3
-2009
4
-1830
-1925
2010
.
6
.
2013
.
bula
54
Imawalen d yisegzawalen
1-AQUIEN, (M.), Dictionnaire de poétique, éd Le livre de poche, 2010.
2-Bouchikhi, (A.), Petit dictionnaire de l’analyse littéraire, éd Afrique-Orient,
2009.
3-DEMOUGIN, (J.), Dictionnaire historique, thématique et technique des
littérature, littérature française et étrangère ancienne et moderne, librairie
Larousse, Paris, 1989.
4-JOUBERT. (J.L.), La poésie, éd ARMAND COLIN, 2009.
5- HADADOU (M.A.), Dictionnaire des racines berbères, suivi d’un index
français-berbère des termes relevés, HCA, Alger, 2006-2007.
6-GARDES-TAMINE (J.), et HUMBERT(M.C.), Dictionnaire de critique
littéraire, éd Gérés, Tunis, 1998.
7-SALHI, (M.A.), Asegzawal ame yan n tsekla (Petit dictionnaire de
littérature), éd L’Odyssee, Tizi Ouzou2012.
Tizrawin
1-BENBRAHIM, (M.), LA Poesie Populaire Kabyle et la Resistance a la
Colonisation de 1830 a 1962, Thèse de Doctorat 3eme cycle, Paris, 1982.
2-HAMRI (B.), La poésie amazighe de l’Atlas central marocain : approche
culturelle et analytique, thèse de Doctorat, Fès, Maroc, 2005.
3-IDRICI (N.), Tamedyazt n tme ut n Tizi Mlil- af i Tasa dit d amedya,
55
Imagraden
1-FARRAD, (M.A.),Tamu li, El- Chourouk, 20-01-2008.
2-LUCIANI, (J.D.), Chansons Kabyles de Smail Azikkiou, Revue africaine,
T.43, 1899, p.p.17-33 et p.p.142-171, T.44, 1900, p.p.44-59, Alger, Adolphe
Jourdan.
3-MOUKHLIS (M.), Introduction à la poésie Tamazight: analyse thématique
de tamedyazt, in actes de quatrième rencontre (du29 juillet au 05 aout 1991),
Agadir, Maroc, 1996.
Internet
1-http://frwikipedea. Org wiki/Jean-Dominique Luciani.
2-www.Ummoto.dz/IMO/pdf/Salhi. Pdf.
3-
http://www.
Depeche de
58
AMUD N TMEDYAZT SMA ILAZIKIW :
A-TADYANT N 1871
Wa d u seb in d leflas.
Yer a medden deg wammas.
A yixef-iw bed asefru.
Acu ay d ssebba n ddwa-s.
ekkun-a medden fell-as.
Asmi ye leq lbiru.
Alba
di ddin yettwalas.
Alba
d yir aterras.
Tekkat tem art-is tettru.
Ass-nni mi eddan tilas.
Jem en di le rac kul-ass.
Iyyaw er l ihad, siru.
Llan syadi lkeyyas.
Nnumen gezmen aqer as.
Ammud
59
Nnan i rray damessas.
Am irgazen am tullas.
Bu ttarix xas ad yaru.
Mi iru di ddewla bu urkas.
Yettawi a win deg u erwas.
Win i essen wellah !ad ten-iru !
Awin iferzen i
ef wass.
Nad a-k s
aba lkiyyas.
Slfe l-ik ay tferru.
Barka-a a ddewla imet as.
Tarba t i menjas.
Ilxu as d bururu.
60