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Triploid citrus breeding at Cirad

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(1)Triploid citrus breeding at Cirad Froelicher Y. 1, Bouffin J 1, Dambier D. 2, and Ollitrault P. 2 1CIRAD,. TGU ‘Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes’, San Giuliano, 20230 San Nicolao, France TGU ‘Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes’, TA A-108 / 02, Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Contact : [email protected] or [email protected]. 2CIRAD,. Small citrus production is an increasing component of the world citrus industry. New high quality, parthenocarpic, sterile mandarin varieties will play a pivotal role for its sustainable development. To produce seedless varieties incapable of pollinating selfincompatible varieties such as clementine, CIRAD breeding project is focused on triploid hybrid selection. Indeed this ploidy level guarantees high male and female sterility. CIRAD uses biotechnologies, to develop triploid progenies. The first method exploits the 2n gametes that are naturally produced by diploid cultivars to obtain triploids in 2x X 2x crosses. The second consists in diversifying the pool of tetraploid parents to be subsequently used in interploid crossing (2x X 4x and 4x X 2x). These tetraploid are synthesized by somatic hybridization, identified in seedlings of apomictic cultivars or obtained by colchicine treatments. Several thousand triploid hybrids have been created using these strategies.. The Breeding scheme developed in Corsica Tetraploid parents development by. The different steps. Selection of interesting diploid parents. Somatic hybridization. Search of spontaneous tetraploid. Colchicine. Selection of parents B2 mandarin. Hansen mandarin. With high quality in combination and/or which produce many 2n gametes. 2x x 2x. or. 2x x 4x. or. 4x x 2x. Parents hybridization. Seeds extraction and embryos rescue. Triploid evaluation and molecular characterization Agronomic field evaluation. Example of triploid hybrid fruit in Morocco 41% juice, brix 13, titrable acidity 1.5. Field evaluation of triploid citrus in Corsica. Example of triploid hybrid fruit in Corsica with its two parents (left and right) 42% juice, brix 11, titrable acidity 1.1. CIRAD develop citrus triploid breeding with different partners in the private and public sector over the world. This partnership can take different form of co-ownership or property purchase (debt-free property purchase)..

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