NHBA Experimental Project Mark III - RCAF Station Rockcliffe: first progress report

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NHBA Experimental Project Mark III - RCAF Station Rockcliffe: first progress report

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA

DIVISION OF

BUILDING

RESEARCH

NHBA EXPERIMENTAL PROJECT MARK I11

-

RCAF STATION ROCKCLIF3TI ( F i r s t Progress Report)

by

A. T. Hansen

I n t e r n a l Report No. 262 of t h e

Division of Building Research

Ottawa January 1963

The D i v i s i o n of B u i l d i n g Research v a l u e s i t s c l o s e l i a i s o n w i t h t h e N a t i o n a l ISouse B u i l d e r s A s s o c i a t i o n , one l i n k b e i n g t h e f a c t t h a t two members of t h e s t a f f of DBR/NRC

s e r v e on t h e NHBA Research Committee. The D i v i s i o n h a s a g r e e d t o u n d e r t a k e r e g u l a r o b s e r v a t i o n s of t h e performance of t h e d e m o n s t r a t i o n houses b u i l t by t h e A s s o c i a t i o n , i n c o r p o r a t i n g new o r e x p e r i m e n t a l f e a t u r e s .

T h i s r e p o r t , prepared by M r . A. T. Hansen, a r e s e a r c h o f f i c e r i n t h e D i v i s i o n ' s Housing S e c t i o n , d e s c r i b e s t h e p e r - formance of t h e t h i r d e x p e r i m e n t a l house p r o j e c t , t h e Mark 111,

l o c a t e d on t h e RCAQ S t a t i o n , R o c k c l i f f e . A b r i e f d e s c r i p t i o n of t h e Mark I11 house i s a l s o provided o u t l i n i n g i t s more s i g n i f i c a n t f e a t u r e s .

A more complete d e s c r i p t i o n of t h e house may be found

i n a r e p o r t prepared by M r . S. A . Gitt-erman, T e c h n i c a l D i r e c t o r of t h e NHBA, e n t i t l e d ItReport on l!Iark I11 P r o j e c t

-

June 1962." The performances of t h e f i r s t two houses o f t h i s s e r i e s , t h e Idarlc I and t h e Mark 11, were p r e v i o u s l y d e s c r i b e d i n r e p o r t s

i s s u e d by t h i s D i v i s i o n .

The D i v i s i o n r e c o r d s i t s a p p r e c i a t i o n t o

D r . J . H. J e n k i n s , D i r e c t o r , and t h e s t a f f of t h e F o r e s t 'Products Research Branch of t h e Department of F o r e s t r y f o r t h e i r kind a s s i s t a n c e i n t h i s o b s e r v a t i o n program a s n o t e d i n t h e t e x t .

Ottawa

RCAF STATION ROCKCLIFFB ( F i r s t P r o g r e s s R e p o r t )

A , T. Hansen

The NHl3A !dark I11 h o u s e , l o c a t e d on t h e RCAF S t a t i o n a t R o c k c l i f f e , i s t h e t h i r d e x p e r i m e n t a l house p r o j e c t u n d e r - t a k e n b y t h e R e s e a r c h C o m a i t t e e of t h e N a t i o n a l House B u i l d e r s A s s o c i a t i o n . I t was completed and o c c u p i e d i n J u l y 1961. Two e a r l i e r e x p e r i m e n t a l h o u s e s known a s t h e Jlarlc I and Nark I1

were c o n s t r u c t e d r e s p e c t i v e l y a t P r e s t o n , O n t a r i o , i n 1 9 5 7 , and F o r e s t Lawn, A l b e r t a , i n 1959. A EJark I h o u s e was a l s o b u i l t i n Dartmouth, N . S . , i n 1958 and t h i s same h o u s e d e s i g n w i t h v a r i o u s m o d i f i c a t i o n s mas l a t e r u s e d e x t e n s i v e l y

i n

two new s u b d i v i s i o n s i n t h a t a r e a .

The o b j e c t i v e of t h i s program i s t h e e v a l u a t i o n o f new b u i l d i n g m a t e r i a l s and components i n h o u s i n g . The h o u s e s t h e m s e l v e s a r e n o t i n t e n d e d t o r e p r e s e n t advancements i n o v e r - a l l l a y o u t o r d e s i g n , b u t a r e u s e d s o l e l y a s a means of

a s s e s s i n g i n a c t u a l p r a c t i c e t h e t e c h n i c a l performance and

c o s t p o t e n t i a l of t h e new m a t e r i a l s and methods o f c o n s t r u c t i o n which a r e i n c l u d e d i n them. The D i v i s i o n of B u i l d i n g R e s e a r c h h a s a g r e e d t o a s s i s t t h e R e s e a r c h Committee of t h e N a t i o n a l House B u i l d e r s - . ~ - - ~ A s s o c i a t i o n w i t h t h i s program b y u n d e r t a k i n g r e g u l a r o b s e r v a - t i o n s of t h e performance of e a c h e x p e r i m e n t a l h o u s e p r o j e c t , O b s e r v a t i o n s on t h e h o ~ ~ . s e s a t P r e s t o n and F o r e s t Lawn h a v e of n e c e s s i t y , due t o t h e i r l o c a t i o n , b e e n l i m i t e d t o p e r i o d i c v i s i t s b y members o f DBR s t a f f . With t h e c l o s e p r o x i m i t y o f t h e Elark I11 h o u s e t o DBR f a c i l i t i e s i n Ottawa, it h a s b e e n p o s s i b l e t o i n s t i t u t e more d e t a i l e d o b s e r v a t i o n s of t h i s p r o j e c t .

DESCRIPTIOB OF HOUSE CONSTRUCTIOIT

The completed h o u s e ( F i g u r e 1) i s l o c a t e d a t 4 0 A

Barlter B o u l e v a r d on t h e R o c k c l i f f e A i r S t a t i o n . The f l o o r p l a n and d e t a i l s of c o n s t r u c t i o n a r e shown i n F i g u r e s 2 t o 6 .

The f o l l o w i n g i s a b r i e f d e s c r i p t i o n of some of t h e more i m p o r t a n t f e a t u r e s of t h e h o u s e .

The house i s s u p p o r t e d on wood-frame f o i ~ n d a t i o n w a l l s e n c l o s i n g a c r a w l s p a c e and r e s t i n g on a f o o t i n g of c o n c r e t e r o u g h l y

6

i n . t h i c k and 1 2 i n . wide t o p r o v i d e e v e n b e a r i n g . The w a l l s c o n s i s t of 2- by 4 - i n . No. 1 r e d p i n e s t u d s s p a c e d 1 6 i n . o . c . , c l a d w i t h 1 / 2 - i n . s e l e c t s h e a t h i n g Douglas f i r plywood on t h e e x t e r i o r , w i t h s i n g l e 2- by 4 - i n . bottom p l a t e and doubled 2 - by 4 - i n . t o p p l a t e s . Both plywood and f r a m i n g were p r e s s u r e t r e a t e d w i t h c r e o s o t e t o a n e t r e t e n t i o n of 8 I b of c r e o s o t e p e r c u b i c f o o t . The w a l l s a r e i n s u l a t e d on t h e i n t e r i o r w i t h 1 - i n . t h i c k p o l - y s t y r e n e foam s l a b s n a i l e d t o t h e s t u d s and c o v e r e d w i t h a 4 - m i l p o l y e t h y l e n e v a p o u r b a r r i e r . The c r a w l s p a c e f l o o r i s p r o t e c t e d w i t h 4-mil p o l y e - t h y l e n e

.

The c e n t r e b e a r i n g w a l l i n t h e c r a w l s p a c e was

framed i n t h e same manner a s t h e e x t e r i o r f o u n d a t i o n w a l l b u t

was n o t t r e a t e d w i t h p r e s e r v a t i v e and was n o t s h e a t h e d . F l o o r c o n s t r u c t i o n

F l o o r p a n e l s c o n s i s t of s t r e s s e d s k i n c o n s t r u c t i o n a s shown i n F i g u r e 3. The Douglas f i r ~ 1 . 7 - ~ o o d s k i n s were f a s t e n e d w i t h c a s e i n g l u e and 2 1/2 i n . common n a i l s s p a c e d

8 i n . O . C . t o p r o v i d e t h e g l u i n g p r e s s u r e .

Roof c o n s t r u c t i o n

The r o o f c o n s t r u c t i o n c o n s i s t s o f pane1.s made u p of p1,pvood web members s p a c e d 2 f t O . C . c o v e r e d w i t h plpvood t o p and bot-tom 1:hich s e r v e a s t h e r o o f d e c k and c e i l i n g f i n i s h a s shown i n F i g u r e 4. A l l members were g l u e d t o g e t h e r w i t h

c a s e i n g l u e w i t h c l a m p i n g p r e s s u r e p r o v i d e d b y n a i l s . The r o o f p a n e l s a r e s u p p o r t e d a t one end on t h e

e x t e r i o r w a l l s and on t h e o t h e r end on a n a i l e d g l u e d ~ 1 p ~ o o d box beam l o c a t e d a t t h e r i d g e of t h e house. T h i s box beam i s

s u p p o r t e d b y a p o s t n e a r i t s c e n t r e , and on t h e end w a l l s of t h e house.

The o r i g i n a l roof c o v e r i n g c o n s i s t e d o f a c u t - b a c k n e o p r e n e p r i m e r c o a t f o l l o w e d by two c o a t s of w h i t e bu.tzfiiene- s t y r e n e copolymer. The j o i n t s of t h e plywood r o o f deck were c o v e r e d w i t h a d h e s i v e t a p e p r i o r t o t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f t h e f i n i s h c o a t s .

The s p a c e between t h e r o o f s h e a t h i n g and c e i l i n g i s n o t v e n t e d .

E x t e r i o r w a l l s

E x t e r i o r w a l l s c o n s i s t of 2- by

4 - i n .

s t u d s spaced 24 i n . O . C . w i t h s i n g l e bottom p l a t e and double t o p p l a t e s .

The w a l l was covered on t h e e x t e r i o r w i t h 4- by 8 - f t p a n e l s i d i n ~ c o n s i s t i n g of 1/8 i n . a s b e s t o s cement board latniiiated t o f i b r e b o a r d t o p r o v i d e 7/16 i n . t o t a l t h i c k n e s s . J o i n t s were covered w i t h 1- by 3 - i n . b a t t e n s t r i p s a t

4

f t O . C . One p a n e l

o p p o s i t e t h e u t i l i t y room and one o p p o s i t e t h e bathroom were screwed i n p l a c e t o p r o v i d e f o r t h e i r removal -Lo i n s p e c t t h e s t u d s p a c e s . M i n e r a l wool i n s u l a t i o n was p r o v i d e d , b u t no vapour b a r r i e r .

The i n t e r i o r was covered w i t h 1/2 i n . gypsum w a l l - b o a r d . K r a f t p a p e r w a l l f i n i s h was used i n l i e u of t a p i n g and f i n i s h i n g of t h e j o i n t s and n a i l h e a d s . (See ' N a t i o n a l 13uilder, 1 J a n u a r y 1962, f o r a p p l i c a t i o n method (1). ) A vapour b a r r i e r p a i n t was used t o p r o v i d e vapour p r o t e c t i o n . A l l

windovvs were f a c t o r . v - s e a l e d d o u b l e - g l a z e d f i x e d u n i t s . No l i n t e l s were provided o v e r e x t e r i o r w a l l openings.

I n - b e r i o r p a r t i t i o n s

I n t e r i o r par-lsitions c o n s i s t of c e i l i n g h e i g h t p a n e l s 2 f t w i d e , made w i t h 3/8-in. v i n y l - f a c e d gypsum board o u t e r l a y e r s cemented t o 5/8-in. t h i c l c s t r i p s of gypsutn board i n s e t from e i t h e r edge t o p e r m i t a d j a c e n t p a n e l s t o be connected w i t h a s p l i n e . Wood r u n n e r s and t r i m h o l d t h e p a n e l s a t t o p and bottom. Corners and d o o r openings were framed w i t h 1 3/8- by 1 3/8-in. members r u n n i n g f u l l c e i l i n g h e i g h t . Doors 6 f t

6 i n . h i c h were used w i t h t h e p o r t i o n above t h e d o o r s f i l l e d w i t h s h o r t s e c t i o n s c u t from s t a n d a r d - s i z e d o o r s .

H e a t i n z and v e n t i l a t i o n

The c r a w l s p a c e , a s i n t h e blark I and Idark I1 h o u s e s , a c t s a s a warm a i r plenum t o d i s t r i b u t e warm a i r from a down f l o w f u r n a c e s i t u a t e d o v e r t h e c r a w l s p a c e t o t h e l i v i n g a r e a of t h e house w i t h o u t t h e use of d u c t s . To p e n n i t t h e f l o w of warm a i r from t h e p r e s s u r i z e d c r a w l s p a c e t o t h e l i v i n g a r e a , 5/8-in. d i a m e t e r h o l e s a t 1 i n . O . C . were d r i l l e d around t h e

p e r i m e t e r of t h e f l o o r and were h i d d e n b y s e t t i n g t h e b a s e b o a r d

t r i m 3/4 i n . o u t from t h e w a l l on b l o c k i n g .

(1) Hansen A .

T.

lCraft p a p e r

-

a method t o f i n i s h w a l l b o a r d . N a t i o n a l B u i l d e r , Vol.

XI,

J a n . 1962, p. 52-53.

The furnace i s a n o i l - f i r e d i n d u c e d d r a f t t y p e w i t h

705,000

~ t u j h r r a t i n g w i t h f a n c a p a c i t y o f

850

cfm and a

0.75

g a l / h r n o z z l e . A s p l i t d u c t s y s t e m was i n s t a l l e d t o permi-t t h e f u r n a c e f a n t o be o p e r a t e d i n a n y one of t h e f o l l o w i n g ways: ( i ) t o r e - c i r c u l a t e o n l y t h e a i r w i t h i n t h e h o u s e , ( i i ) t o c i r c u l a t e o n l y f r e s h a i r from a n i n t a k e b e n e a t h t h e e a v e s o f f i t , ( i i i ) t o p r o v i d e a c o m b i n a t i o n of f r e s h a i r and room a i r f o r c i r c u l a t i o n . Each of t h e v a r i o u s c o m b i n a t i o n s were a r r a n g e d t o o p e r a t e b y

means o f manually c o n t r o l l e d dampers ( F i g u r e

5

)

.

A combustion a i r intalce was p r o v i d e d t o t h e f u r n a c e room from t h e e x t e r i o r t h r o u g h a m e t a l d u c t c o n n e c t e d t o t h e f r e s h a i r d u c t i n t h e c e i l i n g .

Plutnb i n g

Drainage and v e n t p i p i n g a r e of p o l y e t h y l e n e and h o t and c o l d w a t e r l i n e s a r e o f p o l y p r o p y l e n e . The w a t e r

c l o s e t was c o n n e c t e d t o a n i n d i v i d u a l c l o s e d c i r c u i t sewage t r e a t m e n t system l o c a t e d i n t h e c r a w l s p a c e . A v a l v e a r r a n g e - ment was p r o v i d e d t o connec-t t o t h e c o n v e n t i o n a l s e w e r l i n e t o b y p a s s t h e t r e a t m e n t u n i t i n c a s e o f m a l f u n c t i o n i n g of t h e system.

RECORD

OF'

OBSI3RVATIONS

Wood f o u n d a t i o n w a l l

_-

To e v a l u a t e t h e d e c a y h a z a r d of t h e wood f o u n d a t i o n

wall a number of 1- b y 1- b y 6 - i n . u n t r e a t e d r e d p i n e wood samples were i n s t a l l e d a t v a r i o u s l o c a t i o n s w i t h i n t h e c r a w l s p a c e . The u n t r e a t e d wood s a m p l e s a r e i n t e n d e d t o s e r v e a s a c c e l e r a t e d a g i n g i n d i c a t o r s f o r t h e t r e a t e d f o u n d a t i o n . l3y o b s e r v i n g t h e r a t e of d e c a y of t h e s e samples it i s hoped t h a t i t n i l 1 be p o s s i b l e t o p r e d i c t t h e d u r a b i l i t y of t h e t r e a t e d f o u n d a t i o n exposed t o t h e same e n v i r o n m e n t .

?"en samples were hung from p i a n o w i r e w i t h i n t h e s t u d s p c e i n t h e e x t e r i o r f ounda.l-ion viral1

,

b e h i n d t h e i n s u l a - t i o n . 'r\-~ent-y were d r i v e n int-o tllc: ~rounc-l n e a r t h e e x t e r i o r w a l l foo-i-ini; b e n e a t h <he p-ound c o v e r s o t h a t 1 i n . o f t h e s t a k e ~ 3 s above ?;round 1.evi.l.. An a d c l i t i o n n l 10 s t a k e s !yere d r i v e n i n t o - t h e ground n e a r %hc i i ~ t e r i o r 'Dear-i-nc; mil, b e n e a t h

t-kic ground c o v e r , l e a v i n g 1 i n . o f the s'talces above gro~nnci l e v e l .

The s t a k e s

were

i n s t a l l r d on 26 S e p t e m b e r 1 9 6 1 and s a m p l e s were rernoved p e r i o d i c a l l - y f o r dcca y a n a l y s i s by t h e F o r e s t P r o d u c t s l i e s e a r c h Branch. The r e s u l t s a r e slammarized i n Tabl-e I .

A t t h e end o f one y e a r of o b s e r v a t i o n , t h e u n t r e a t e d

s a m p l e s were b a s i c a l l y sound a l t h o u g h some s u r f a c e s o f t e n i n g was n o t e d i n t h e b u r i e d s t a k e s , p r o b a b l y due t o s o f t r o t caused. by Chaetomiurn and s i m i l a r f u n g i . " h e n t h e i n s u l a t i o n vras

removed from t h e s t u d s p a c e s i n which t h e s u s p e n d e d wood satnples were i n s t a l l e d f o r a p e r i o d of 1 2 months, sorne l i g h t g r e y mould grorrLh was o b s e r v e d b o t h on t h e s u s p e n d e d s a m p l e s and on t h e c r e o s o t c d bot-tom w a l l p l a t e . S u r f a c e w a t e r was

n o t e d on t h i s s i l l a s w e l l . On a n a l y s i s t h e mould growth on t h e u n t r e a t e d wood was shown t o be Horlnodendron r e s i n a e which

_--

i s r e s i s t a n t t o c r e o s o t e b u t , s o f a r a s i s knovim, it d o e s no damage t o t h e wood.

I t was a l s o n o t e d t h a t , when t h e p o l y s t y r e n e foam i n s u l a t i o n was removed, t h e r e was e v i d e n c e of g e n e r a l s u r f a c e d e t e r i o r a t i o n on the s i d e of the i n s u l a t i o n a d j a c e n t t o t h e c r e o s o t e d wood s t u d s . The e n t i r e b a c k s u r f a c e o f t h e i n s u l a - t i o n was brown stai-necl a n d t h e a r e a i n d i r e c t - c o n t a c t w i t h t h e c r e o s o t e d f r a m i n g had d i s i n t e g r a t e d t o a d e p t h o f a b o u t 1 / 4 i n . i n p l a c e s . S o i l s a r n p l i n 5 S o i l s a m y l e s were o b t a i n e d f r o m b o r i n g s made

5

f t from t h e s o u t h e a s t c o r n e r o f t h e h o u s e a n d

5

f t f r o m t h e n o r t h w e s t c o m e r i n J u n e 1962. f l surnEary o f t h e a n a l y s i s o f t h e s a m p l e s and 3 t y p i c a l s o i l p r o f i l e a r e shown i n T a b l e 11. F o u n d a t i o n movement I n o r d e r t o d e t e r m i n e r e l a t i v e and a b s o l u t e movement o f t h e h o u s e a n d c a r p o r t F o u n d a t i o n s , l e v e l r e a d i n g s were t a k e n p e r i o d i c a l l y a t a number of l o c a t i o n s on t h e s t r u c t u r e . These l o c a t i o n s a r c shomn i n F i g u r e

7

( p o i n t s 1 t o 11). On 1 6 J u n e 1 9 6 1 , a benchmark was e s t a b l i s h e d a s a s p i k e i n a t r e e , a n d r e l a t i v e e l e v a t i o n s e s t a b l i s h e d f o r r e f e r e n c e p o i n t s a l o n g t h e f o u n d a t i o n c o n s i s t i n g of n a i l s d r i v e n i n t o t h e f o u n d a t i o n w a l l . The e l e v a t i - o n s of t h e s e r e f e r e n c e g o i n t s were e s t a b l i s h e d a g a i n on 2 1 Xovember 1 3 6 1 . A f t e r c o r r e c t i o n s were made f o r

t h e s e a s o n a l m o v e ~ i e n t of t h e t r e e benchmark measurements i n d i c a t e d t h a t t'ne a v e r a g e t o t a l movernent of t h e s e r e f e r e n c e p o i n t s was a b o u t 3/16 i n . donnv~ard a n d t h e maxitnum r e l a t i v e movement vias abou-t 3/32 i n . which i s p r a c t i c a l l y i n s i c n i f i c a n t .

Recau.se of t h e s e a s o n a l movernent of t h e t r e e b e n c h - mark, and b e c a u s e s e v e r a l of t h e e l e v a t i o n 1 - e f e r e n c e p o i n t s were l a t e r r i n m a p e d o r d e s t r o y e c l , i t 1 . v ~ ) ~ d e c i d e d t o e s t a b l i s h

a deep beilchiqarl: tvhich 1:vould be r e l a tivc1.y u n a f f e c t e d by s e a s o n a l movemen-l;

,

and t o i n s t a l l n o r e perl11anen.i; el-cva t i o n r e f e r e n c e ]join-l-s a l o n g -the foun.clation. T h i s ::'as clone on 11

June 1962. S u b s e q u e l ~ t measureint?n-Ls of f o11nd.a-tion movement r e c o r d e d 1 October 1952 a r e l i s t e d . i z i Table

III

ancl a r e

r e l a t i v e t o the 21-eva-tions of t h e reference p o i n t s e s t a b l i - s h e d

11 June 1962.

It

can be s e e n t h a t i n t h i s p e r i o d , t h e a v e r a g e n e t movement vras a b o u t 0.02 i n . d o r v n ~ a r d , w h i l e t h e maxir~iurn r e l a t i v e movement mas 0.13 i n . which i s a g a i n a l m o s t i n s i p i f i-

can-t

.

l?oof svstem

The o r i ~ i n a l roof s u r f a c e was i n s t a l l e d i n l a t e A p r i l 1961. The t e n a n t r e p o r t e d r o o f 1eal:age

i n

l a t e November

of t h a t y e a r u s u a l l y o c c u r r i n g a b o u t t h r e e d a y s a f t e r r a i n s t o r m s . I n s p e c t i o n of t h e r o o f s u r f a c e r e v e a l e d c o n s i d e r a b l e c h e c k i n z and c r a z i n g of t h e b u t a d i e n e s t y r e n e c o a t i n g , e x p o s i n g t h e neoprene prime c o a t i n g . The neoprene had a l s o b l e d t h r o u g h , d - i s c o l o u r i n g t h e f i n i s h e d s u r f a c e .

A new r o o f s u r f a c i n g was a p p l i e d o v e r t h e e x i s t i n g one i n e a r l y December 1361. T h i s c o n s i s t e d . of one c o a t of neoprene f o l l o ~ n ~ e d by one c o a t of hypalon ( g r e y ) . I n e a r l y J a n u a r y 1962 t h e t e n a n t a g a i n r e p o r t e d w a t e r l e a k a g e from t h e

c e i l i n g . T h i s had o c c u r r e d f o r a few h o u r s , d u r i n g a p e r i o d of thaw. I t vras s u s p e c t e d a t t h a t t i n e t h a t t h e l e a k a g e was a s a i n due t o a f a i l u r e i n t h e roof c o v e r i n g . I n s p e c t i o n of t h e r o o f s u r f a c e a f t e r c l e a n i n t y t h e snow r e v e a l e d t h e s u r f a c c t o b e i n good c o n d i t i o n . To check f o r c o n d e n s a t i o n t h e a c c e s s h a t c h t o t h e r o o f s p a c e i n t h e k i t c h e n a r e a was removed a f t e r a s u b s e q u e n t p e r i o d of c o l d w e a t h e r . F r o s t was observed on t h e u n d e r s i d e of t h e r o o f deck i n a f a i r l y even l a y e r a b o u t 1/8 i n . t h i c k . F u r t h e r lealrage o c c u r r e d i n e a r l y F e b r u a r y 1362 a g a i n f o l l o w i n g a thaw. The r o o f a c c e s s h a t c h was a g a i n removed i n t h e k i t c h e n a r e a a f t e r

4

days of f r e e z i n g w e a t h e r , and a 1 / 8 - i n . l a g e r of f r o s t was n o t e d on t h e l l n d e r s i d e of t h e d e c k i n g s t a r t i n g from t h e eave and e x t e n d i n g a b o u t t w o - t h i r d s u p t h e r o o f s l o p e . From t h e r e up t h e f r o s t l a y e r a p p c a r c d a s i c e and a s a s u r f a c e w a t e r f i l m n e a r t h e peak. A h;lr;rro-thermogra~h i n s t a l l e d i n t h e r o o f space f o r C;ro rleelrs p r i o r t o t h i s i n s p e c t i o n inclica tc(3 a r e l a t i v e h u m i d i t y of from 60 t o 100 p e r c e n t . F u r t h e r l e a k a g e was r e p o r t e d a f t e r a tl12w towariis t h e l a - t t e r p a r t of' Fehruary.

I t vias conclu(!cd t h a t t h e l e a k a g e was t h e r e s u l t of c o n d e n s a t i o n 1.rrithin t h e r o o f s p a c e s vrhich b u i l t up i n t h e form of f i - o s t . '>'!ith each thaw -the fl-.osJc n c l - t e d r e l e a s i n c t h e w a t e r 3irhich had c o l l e c - t e d . The relat3.vel:r 1 a r ~ ; c c r a c k s i n t h e c e i l i n g bet-r:een a d jaccn-l- roof pniiels :.ns b e l i e v e d t o b e one of t h e

humid a i r f r o m t h e l i v i n g s p a c e t o e n t e r -the r o o f s p a c e where t h e w a t e r v a p o u r c o n d e n s e d on t h e r o o f s h e a t h i n g . To remedy t h i s s i t u a t i o n , t h e c e i l i n g j o i n t s w e r e c o v e r e d w i t h a d h e s i v e t a p e .

It

was l a t e r s u g g e s t e d t h a t a i r l e a k a g e i n t o t h e r o o f s p a c e m i g h t a l s o o c c u r t h r o u g h t h e f u r n a c e room d u c t w h i c h was i n s t a l l e d t o p r o v i d e c o m b u s t i o n a i r t o t h e f u r n a c e . "hen t h e f u r n a c e was o p e r a t i n g , t h e i l l t a k e o f f r e s h a i r from t h e s p l i t d u c t s y s t e m was s u f f i c i e n t l y h i g h t o p r e s s u r i z e a i r w i t h i n t h e h o u s e c a u s i n g t h e c o m b u s t i o n a i r d u c t t o a c t a s a n e x h a u s t . S i n c e t h i s d u c t t e r m i n a t e d i n t h e r o o f s p a c e , a n d was n o t d i r e c t l y c o n n e c t e d t o t h e s o f f i t l o u v r e , it i s p o s s i b l e t h a t n _{c o n s i . d e r a b l e q u a n t i t y o f r e l a t i v e l y m o i s t room a i r c o u l d} f l o w i n t o t h e r o o f s p a c e b y t h i s means. I t was t h e r e f o r e d e c i d e d * d u r i n g t h e summer of 1 9 6 2 t o remove t l i e c o m b u s t i o n a i r d u c t f r o m r ' i t s o r i g i n a l p o s i t i o n and r e l o c a t e t h e d u c t t o r u n f r o m t h e f u r n a c e room t o t h e o u t s i d e t h r o u g h t h e c r a w l s p a c e .

The r o o f s u r f a c e was r e - i n s p e c t e d i n Nay 1362. C o n s i d e r a b l e b l i s t e r i n g o f t h e p l a s t i c s u r f a c i n g was n o t e d . A 1 1 b l i s t e r s were l o c a t e d o v e r t h e h o u s e p a r t of t h e r o o f a n d none o c c u r r e d o v e r t h e c a r p o r t . B l i s t e r s were g e n e r a l l y l o c a t e d w i t h i n 4 f t of t h e r i d g e on bo$h s i d e s a l t h o u g h o c c a s i o n a l b l i s t e r s were a l s o n o t e d f u r t h e r down t h e s l o p e . B l i s t e r s were i n a ranGe of s i z e s u p t o

4

i n . d i a m e t e r a n d r a i s e d f r o m 1 / 4 i n . t o 3 / 8 i n . a b o v e t h e d e c k i n g . B l i s t e r i n g of p a i n t on t h e f a s c i a a n d s o f f i t was a l s o n o t e d . The m o i s t u r e c o n t e n t o f t h e viood w i t h i n t h e r o o f s p a c e a t t h i s t i m e was f o u n d t o b e a s f o l l o ~ v s : Plpvocjd r o o f d e c k 113-207; plyvgo od webs 14-16?; ~ P l ~ p o o d c e i l i n g 12;'; Top c h o r d s 24-28;.: Bottom c h o r d s 10-207;

An e x a m i n a t i o n o f -the r o o f s p a c e showed t h a t no d e c a y was a p p a r e n t . The e x p o s e d c a s e i n g l u e a p p e a r e d m i l k y i n d i c a t i n g

i t s e x p o s u r e t o w a t e r . T h e c l u e bond b e t w e e n t h e t o p c h o r d a n d t h e r o o f d e c k i n c a p p e a r e d p o o r i n t h e a r e a i n s p e c t e d , w i t h t h e p1,yvood h a v i n ~ b u c k l e d away fro12 t h e f r a m i n g i n p l a c e s . I s a i l s were r u s t e d and. t h e pl:,nq~oocl b l n c l r s t a i n e d a r o u n d t h e n a i l s . The i n s u l . a t i o n , h o w e v e r , was d r y t o t h e t o u c h . An e x a m i n a t i o n o f t h e r o o f d e c k r e v e a l e d e v i d e n c e o f buc?<lin:: a n d d e l a ~ n i n a t i o n i n a t l e a s t f o u r p1jn:rood s h e e t s . S i n c e t h e pl:r,-~ood declr p r o v i d e s a c o n s i d e r a b l n v o r t i o n o f t h e s t r e n c t h of t h e r o o f it v:zs d e c i d e d t o remove t h e f a u l t y

s h e e t s were removed. I n a d d i t i o n h o l e s viere d r i l l e d u n d e r t h e e a v e on b o t h s i d e s of t h e house i n t o t h e r o o f s p a c e t o v e n t i l a t e t h e s p c e and d r y t h e lilinber b e f o r e r e p l a c i n s t h e pljvrood r o o f p a n e l s . l:/itliin one month t h e m o i s t u r e c o n t e n t of a l l f r a m i n g i n t h e r o o f s p a c e o v e r t h e h o u s e p r o p e r had dropped t o 1 0 t o 1 2 p e r c e n t . The n o i s t u r e con-tent of t h e

f r a m i n g o v e r t h e c a r ~ o r t where t h e r o o f s p a c e was s t i l l m v e n t e d v a r i e d from 15 t o 1 0 p e r c e n t . A t t h i s t i n e t h e b l i s t e r i n g i n t h e p l a s - l - i c r o o f i n g had a l l bu-t d i s a p p e a r e d . I t i s i n t e n d e d t h a t t h e v e n t h o l e s t h a t were d r i l l e d i n t o t h e r o o f s p a c e be s e a l e d and t h e house opera-ted f o r a n o t h e r w i n t e r w i t h 0 1 1 l- v e n t i l a t i o n of t h e r o o 1 t o s e e if c o n d e n s a t i o n w i l l a g a i n o c c u r .

The g l u e bond between t h e p l i e s of t h e f o u r plywood s h e e - t s removed from t h e r o o f deck was g e n e r a l l y p o o r e v e n t h o u g h e x t e r i o r g r a d e plywood had b e e n u s e d . I n a d d i t i o n t h e c a s e i n g l u e bond between t h e deck and f r a n l i n g members was s o p o o r i n one p a n e l t h a t t h e plyvood c o u l d be l i f t e d o f f w i t h l i t t l e e f f o r t when t h e n a i l s were removed. The bond was a l s o p o o r i n a second p a n e l b u t n o t t o t h e same d e g r e e . I n t h e t h i r d and f o u r t h p a n e l s t h e c a s e i n g l u e bond was f a i r l y

s a t i s f a c t o r y . The g l u e j o i n t between t h e p l y r ~ o o d webs and

u p p e r c h o r d f r a m i n g was o b s e r v e d t o 3 e p o o r i n tmo o f t h e l ~ e b

members.

Leads mere i n s t a l l e d i n t h e r o o f s m c e by t h e F o r e s t P r o d u c t s R e s e a r c h Brancli t o Inensure t e m p e r a t u r e and m o i s t u r e c o n t e n t of t h e wood d u r i n g n e x t w i n t e r o p e r a t i o n s . New

p1,mvood p a n e l s were t h e n n a i l e d and g l u e d i n p o s i t i o n and t h e p a n e l s c o v e r e d w i t h n e o p r e n e - h y p a l o n r o o f c o a t i n g s .

Snow l o a d s

Twelve gauges t o measure sno'pr l o a d s were i n s t a l l e d on t h e roof i n J a n u a r y 1932. 7'he snow l o a d measurements f o r t h i s house form p a r t of a comprehensive program o f o b s e r v a t i o n s o r snow l o a d s on r o o f s b e i n g c a r r i e d o u t b y t h e D i v i s i o n of Buildin'; IIiesearch on many ~ ' L r u c t u r e s 1-ocateC i n d i f i ' e r c n - t p a r t s

OF

Canada. The l o c a t i o n s of t h e gauges on t h e l,.!arli 111: r o o f a r e shown i n llligure 8.

A l l t h e maximum 1 - o ~ d s o c c u r r e d o v e r t'ne c a r p o r t a t Gauge Uo. 1 2 and t h e mini-mum l o a d s a t gauge llo. 1. :;nov;! l o a d s on n e i ~ l l b o u r i n g hoilses ( 4 0 13arlrel- and '72 3 i s h o p ) v?hich a r e a l s o uiJnder observa.Lion had v e q similcir snoJiJ l o a d s e v e n -though t h e y had s - t e e n e r 1-oof s l o p e s and l e s s c c i l i n , ~ i n s u l a - L i o n . The

pat-Lcrn of slzow a c c u z i u l a t i o n ~~!a:: :I f a i r l y u ~ ~ i f ' o r m d i s - t r i b u t i o n

with -Lhc d e e p e r snovr o v e r t h e c a r , ? o r t . T h e I-id;l.tt 2 n d son-l;h

During t h e o b s e r v a t i o n p e r i o d a l l tlie l a r g e snow- f a l l s were accoml?anied by s t r o l i g winds f r o n t h e e a s t and it

i s thout;ht t h a t t h i s lvas %he r e a s o n f o r 'the r e l a t i v e l y s m a l l l o a d s t h a t were r e c o r d e d . k suinrnary of $he observecl snow l o a d s i s s h o r ~ n i n Table I V .

V e n t i l a t i o n s t u d i e s

T h i s e x p e r i m e n t a l house h a s no openable windows

and t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n of tile e x t e r i o r w a l l s , c e i l i n g ; r o o f and f l o o r d e v i a t e s from convon-Lional p r a c t i c e . i3eca1.1se t h e atnount of a i r i n f i l t r a t i o n t h a t o c c u r s t h r o u g h t h e house e n c l o s u r e c o n t r i b u t e s t o t h e h e a t i n s l o a d and a f f e c t s t h e i n d o o r c l i m a t e ,

it i s of i n t e r e s t t o a s s e s s t h e r e l a t i v e t i g h t n e s s of t h e con- s t r u c t i o n . T h i s was d-one b y means of v e n t i l a t i o n t e s t s which were conducted d u r i n g t h e week of 12 t o 16 F e b r u a r y 1962.

The warm a i r I l e a t i n g system of t h e Tilark

111

house

i s provided w i t h a c i r c u l a t i o n a i r system w i t h two manually operated. dampers i n t h e a i r i n t a k e d u c t s t o c o n - t r o l t h e arnoun-t; of o u t d o o r a i r d.ravrn j.n.to t h e liouse a s d e s i r e d . To d e t e r m i n e t h e q u a n t i t y of o u t d o o r a i r brou,yht i n t o t h e h o u s e , a i r i n l e t v e l o c i t i e s were measured a t t h e g r i l l e s w i t h v a r i o u s damper arrangements.

( a ) A i r i n f i l t r a - t i o n measurements.

-

The a i r i n f i l t r a t i o n r a t e of t h e liouse vias de-tertlilicd b y t h e t r a c e r %as method. Helium was used a s t h e t r a c e r gas and i t s c o n c e n t r a t i o n was measured w i t h a lcatharometer. The o u t p u t from t h e lcatharometer

c i r c u i t was r e c o r d e d on a s i n g l e - p o i n t m i l l i v o l t r e c o r d e r . 'Vil;h t h e k a t h a r o m e t e r and i t s a t t e n d a n t equipment i n s t a l l e d

i n t h e u t i l i t y room, h e l i u n was i n j e c t e d i n t o t h e h a l l a r e a and was a l l o w e d t o decay w i t h t h e n a t u r a l v e n - k i l a t i o n o f t h e house. Sample Sle1iu.m-air m i x t u r e V J ~ S con-Linuou~1y dravm from

t h e h a l l t h r o u g h a p l a s t i c t u b i n g t o t h e k a t h a r o m e t e r by means of a srnall diaphragm pump. l'roni t h e helium decay c u r v e

o b t a i n e d t h e v e n t i l a t i o n r a t e was computed.

Pour v e n t i l a - t i o n r a t e measurements were made, each w i t h t h e o u t s i d e a i r i n t a k e g r i l l e s e a l e d and t h e o u t d o o r a i r damper c l o s e d . D u r i n ~ t h e f i r s t t e s t t h e c i r c u l a t i o n f a n of t h e Turnace w a s r u n continuous1:r t o o b t a i n

a

homogeneous m i x t u r e of helium and a i r , b u t because o f t h e p o s s i b i l i t y of a i r from t h e r o o f s-oace lea!:in,y around t h e c l o s e d dampers,

s u b s e q u e n t t e s t s were conducted w i t h t h e c i r c u l n - t i o n f a n t u r n e d o f f . P'or a l l t e s t s t h e I-oom t h e r m o s t a t Y I ~ S a d j u s t e d

t o p r e v e n t t h e f u r n a c e from o p e r a t i n g d ~ ~ r i n g t h e t e s t .

I n d o o r and o u t d o o r a i r t e ~ n r e r a t u r e s were r e c o r d e d and tElc wind speed and d i r e c t i o n d u r i n g the t e s t p e r i o d were o b t a i n e d from t h e m e t e o r o l o g i c a l o f f i c e of t h e R o c l < c l i f f e Air S t a t i o n . The t e s t r e s u l t s a r e shoT;in i n Table

V.

( b ) A i r f l o w measurement i n t h e c i r c u l a t i o n a i r system.

-

To d e t e r m i n e t h e quanli-by of out-d.oor a i r bsoui:Yh-t i n t o t h e c i r c u l a - t i o n a i r system w i t h v a r i o u s d a x p e r arl-an.gernents, two s e r i e s of measurements were made: f i r s t w i t h t h e f u r n a c e o f f , and second w i t h t h e f u r n a c e on. A i r v e l o c i t y measurements were t a k e n a t t h e two a i r i n t a l t e g r i l l e s l o c a t e d a t t h e eave s o f f i t and a t t h e g r i l l e l o c a t e d above $he f u r n a c e room door. A l s o , measurements were made a t t h e opening of t h e combustion a i r p i p e i n t h e f u r n a c e room. Because t h e d i r e c t i o n of a i r f l o w i n t h e combustion a i r p i p e was i n q u e s t i o n , a smoke ' t e s t was

conducted f o r e a c h damper a r r a n g e n e n t . The r e s u l t s of t h e t e s t a r e g i v e n i n Table V I . Because of t h e p o s s i b i l i t y of t h e a i r l e a k a g e from t h e r o o f s p a c e in-to t h e r o o f p a n e l which f o r m s p a r t of t h e o u t d o o r a i r d u c t , t h e a c - t u a l a i r f l o v ? i s p r o b a b l y h i g h e r t h a n t h a t measured a t t h e o u t d o o r a i r i n t a k e g r i l l e . ( c ) D i s c u s s i o n of r e s u l t s .

-

The r e s u l t s of t h e v e n t i l a t i o n t e s t s a r e shoxn i n F i g u r e

9.

A s i n d i c a t e d by t h e g r a p h , t h e a i r change r a t e can be expected t o v a r y from 0.10 t o 0.30 a i r change p e r h o u r f o r t h e r a n g e of p r e v a i l i n g wincl speed of 4

t o 10 mpli. T h i s c a n be compared w i t h t h e a i r change r a t e measured i n c o n v e n t i o n a l h o u s e s v~llich may v a r y rrom 0.20 t o 0.60 o r h i g h e r , depending on t h e t y p e of windows and c o n s t r u c - t i o n . Based on t h e voli~me of t h e l i v i n g s p a c e of t h e Liark I11

house of 7100 cu f t , t h i s would g i v e a n a i r f l o x r a t e of 1 2 t o 36 cu f t / m i n . I t c a n be s e e n t h a t t h i s house i s r e l a t i v e l y a i r t i g h t .

Because t h e r e a r e no openable windotvs i n t h e ]\lark 111

house t h e f r e s h a i r r e q u i r e m e n t i s met by opening t h e o u t d o o r a i r damper. A i r f l o w measl~rements talcen a t t h e a i r i n t a k e p i l l e s have i n d i c a t e d t h . a t w i t 1 1 t h e f u n l a c e o f f t h e maximum amount of f r e s h a i r t h a t c o u l d be d r a m i n i s

13'5

cu f t o r 1 . 5 a i r changes p e r h o : x r r i t h t h e o u t d o o r a i r damper f u l l y open ancl t h e room a i r damper c l o s e d . !'!ith b o t h dampers h a l f open t h e r a t e of f r e s h a i r i n t a k e i s reduced Lo 152 cu f t / m i n o r 1 . 3 a i r c h a n z e s p e r h o u r .

Vith t h e f u r n a c e on, t h e ou

open, and t h e i n d o o r a i r d a n p e r c l o s e and roorn a i r i s 200 and 11 cu f t / m i n da:nper p o s i t i o n s r e v e r s e d -the f l o w of'

.i-door a i r damper f u l l y d , -the f l o v ~ of o u t d o o r r e s p e c t i v e l y . Yith t h e

o u t d o o r and room a i r

i s

55

and 516 c u f t / m i n . 3 e c a u s e of t h e r e d u c t i o n i n t h e house prcssu-re due t o t h e e x h a u s t i o n o f t h e f l u e g a s , some a i r f l o x tnl;es ? l a c e aroui~cl -the c l o s e d dampers. T e s t s have i n d i c a t e d t h a t f o r a l l dargpcr arran;:jernen-ts e;cce~p-t w i t h outdoo a i r damper c l o s e d and t h e room a i r d a m p r open ( a n d w i t h t h e f u r n a c e 011)

,

t h e direcJci.on of tllc a i r :r'lo:.: i n t h e cornbustion a i r s u p p l y p i p e i s ~ ~ ~ z ~ a r d s and i n t o the a i r c i r c u l a t i o n s y s t e

(;ontinuous mcasum'eracn1;s of r e l - a t j - v a h u m i d i t y were recorcled b y rne:lns of h y l ; r o t h e r t n o ~ ~ . - n ~ ~ h s l c ? c a t o ( ~ i n -the c r a l / ~ l s p a c e and i n -l-!lc: c;.r~trc bed.rootn. The rnca surernc?nt s were u.t;ar.ted i n m i d - i ~ u g u s t of 1361.. 0rill;inall.v j.-5 had been p l n n n . _ - d t o r u n

the heatin;; systern 1 : 1 i t P l -the f r e s h a i r duc-t dart~per c l o s e d d i . l r i n , ~ t h e f i r s t h e a t i n g system. I t 1-133 discovered 1-3-Ler, ho:,vnver,

t h a t t h e f r e s h . a i r darnpcrs had becn opens(!. durin;~; -the h e a t i n g se:lson. '.7hen t h e darri-pers ::]ere closecl., c o n s i d e r a b l - e ' contlenss

-

t i o n was r c p o r t c d on t h e ~ ~ i n t l o ~ v s ( 1 2 t o 1 9 J'ebruax-,~ 1 3 5 2 ) , and t h e dampers had -to be re-opcncd t o e l i i r ~ i n n t c th e condensat-ion.

The f a c t t h a t when a n e l e c - b r i c c l o t h e : ; d r y e r was

i n s t a l l e d i~ t h e k i t c h e n c o n s i d e r a b l e c o n d e n s a t i o n o c c u r r e d on t'ne windows u n t i l t h e d r v c r l?lss ven-bcd t o t h e e x t e r i o r i s a l s o of i n t e r e s t . Thc, d r y e r was i n s t a l l e ! l 8boii-t

4

Decerlzber and v e n t e d a b o u t a v~eel: l a t e r . A f t e r com.pl-:lints by t h e t e n a n t a b o u t t h e h.igh tem-neroture i n t h e house d u r i n g t h e surnrner,

s c r e e n d o o r s u e r e i n s t a l l e d i n t h e summer of 1362 t o p r o v i d e a d d i t i o n a l v e n t i l a t i o n .

Table V I I shows t h e a v e r a g e t e m p e r a t u r e and r e l a t i v e hurnidi.t:r measured i n -the 1~:Iarlc I S 1 housc f o r two of t h e c o l d e s t and two of -the rvar~nest months i n 1 9 6 2 , and c o m p a r a t i v e f i g u r e s a r e provided f o r c o n v e n t i o n a l h o u s e s i.n t h e 0 t t a n a a r e a .

Althou~11 th e f i g u r e s f o r c o n v e n t i o n a l h o u s c s a r e n o t f o r t h e

same y e a r a s t h e 'iilarl; I11 measuremanl-s -they do p r o v i d e i n t e r e s t i n g comparisons.

During t h e warrncr tnon-Lhs t h e a v e r a p -temperature w i t h i n t h e house was a b o u t

9

t o 1 0 d e g r e e s h i g h e r t h a n t h e a v e r a g e t e l i ~ p e r a t u r e measured oi~'tdoor.s. T h i s s l i g h t l y h i g h e r t h a n f o r c o n v e n t i o n a l h o u s e s v:hich wcrc from

3

t o 8

d e g r e e s h i g h e r . !Phis d i f f e r e n c e may be rela-Led t o t h e f a c t t h a t a l l windows i n t h e liiark I11 house a r e f i x e d and t h a t t h e o n l y way t o v e n t i l a t e i s by t h e u s e of t h e f u r n a c e b l o : r ~ e r t o b r i n g i n o u t s i d e a i r , o r -throu,?h t h e s c r e e n d o o r s vrhich vlere i n s t a l l e d i n J u l y 1362. During - t h e ' c o l . d ~ r r~lonths -the r e l a t i v e h u m i d i t y i n t h e ~rlarl: 111 a v e r a c e d a b o u t 27 n e r c e n t a s compared .to t h e 27 t o 31 p e r c e n t measured i n c o n v e n t i o n a l h o u s e s . T h i s d i f f e r e n c e i n n o t v e r y s i g n i f i c a n t s i n c e l i v i n g h a b i t s o f t h e o c c u p a n t s c a n have a c o n s i d e r a b l e i n f l u e n c e on t h i s v a l u e . H e a t i n ? r e c o r d s F u e l r e c o r d s were o b t a i n e d throu;yl?out t h e h e a t i n g s e a s o n . F'rorn t h e s e recol-d.s, t h e f u e l c o n s ~ i m p t i o n r a t e s p e r d e g r e e (lay !?ere cornpl.x-ted and a r c shov~n i n '.?able V1:tI. The r u e 1 consumption r a t e p e r delrrce day v a r i e d s i x b s t a n - l - i a l l p throu,-hout t h e hea-tin,? s c : ~ s o n , bc in:; solne:?!ha-t l o n e r d u r i n g t h e P a l l a n d S p r i n g montlln, and h i i h e r d u r i n p -the c o l c l e s t

p a r t of t h e I d i n t e r . The a v e r a g e f u c l c o n s u m p t i o n r a t e was 0.082 g a l p e r c1e:;ree day w h i c h i s a b o u t a v e r a g e f o r a h o u s e o f % h i s s i z e w i t h e q u i v a l e n t i n s u l a t i o n . I t r a f t p a p e r w a l l f i n i s h

-

The o r i g i n a l I e a f t p a p e r f i n i s h :vas a p p l i e d i n A p r i l 1 3 6 1 , a n d p e r f ormed s a t i s f a c . t o r i l , y u n t i l J a n u a r y 1 3 6 2 . D u r i n g t h e e a r l y ? a r t of J a n u a r y , a d i a g o n a l t e a r d.evcloped

i n t h e c o m e r bedroorn a - t t h e n o r t h end. 01 th e h o u s e . The t e a r s t a r t e d f r o m t h e h o r i z o n t a l j o i n t a t mid-lniall h e i g h t a n d

e x t e n d e d t o t h e f l o o r a t a n a n g l e o f a b o u t

45

d e g r e c s . The r e l a t i v e h u m i d i t y a t t h i s -time was a b o u t 2 3 p e r c e n t , one o f t h e l o w e s t r e c o r d e d u p t o t h i s d a t e . D u r i n g t h e l a t t e r p a r t o f J a n u a r y a d d i t i o n a l f a i l i t r c s i n t h e 1;s-aft p a p e r o c c u r r e d . A v e r t i c a l t e a r o c c u r r e d on t h e s o l l t l l w a l l o:C t h e l i v i n g room n e a r a v e r t i c a l j o i n t [ F i g u r e 1 0 ) a n d e x t e n d e d t h e J u l l h e i g h t o f t h e w a l l . A n o t h e r t e a r o c c i . ~ r r c c l o n t h e w e s t w a l l o f t h e m a s t e r bedroom e x t e n d i n g f r o m a b o ~ i t m i d - w a l l h e i g h t n e a r t h e window t o t h e c o r n e r o f t h e room a t a n a n g l e o f a b o u t

45

d e g r e e s ( F i g u r e 11). An a d d i t i o n a l r i p o c c u r r e d i n t h e n o r t h bedroom a b o u t a f o o t a b o v e t h e f l o o r a t a c o r n e r a n d e x t e n d e d t o t h e f l o o r l i n e a t a 4 5 - d e ~ r e e a n g l e . These t e a r s o c c u r r e d when t h e r e l a t i v e h u m i d i t y i n t h e h o u s e d r o p p e d t o 1 4 p e r c e n t w h i c h was t h e l o w e s t v a l u e r e a c h e d d u r i n g t h a t w i n t e r . It w a s n o t e d t h a t when t h e p a p e r was o r i g i n a l l y a p p l i e d it h a d bec.n t l ? o r o u , y l ~ l g soalccd w i t h w a t e r a n d t h e p a p e r was drippin:; w e t when i n s t a l l e d . It i s t h o u g h t t h a t t h i s

e x c e s s i v e w e - t t i n ~ , combined n i t h t h e u n u s u a l l y lo:v r e l a t i v e h u m i d i t i e s l a t e r , c o n t r i b u - L e d t o e x c e s s i v e s u b s e q u e n t s h r i n k a g e rvhich c a u s e d t h e f a i l u r e

.

The p a p e r o n a l l t h e damaged w a l l s was removed a n d a n e x ] ( r a f t f i n i s h was a p p l i e d . T h i s t i m e t h e p a p e r was n o t t h o r o u = h l ; ~ w e t t e d b u t o n l y d a n p e n e d p r i o r t o a p p l i c a t i o n . I n t h i s l a t t e r a p p l i c n ' t i o n 8 - f t wide I a a f - t weigl?iny; 59 l b / 1 0 0 0 s q f t 01 C a n e d i a n r!ianufacture was u s e d f o r t h e f i r s t t i n e . A l l j o i n t s were l o c a t e d a t t h e c o r n e r s where t h e y w e r e p r a c t i c a l l y i n v i s i b l e .

The 8 - f t s h e e t s l:!ere f i r s t c u t t o room l e n g t h , dampened a n d r e r o l l - e d .

A

band of c a s e i n g l u e was a p p l i e d a r o u n d t h e p e r i r n c - t c r o f t h e w a l l s a n d a r o u n d 0 p e n i . n ~ ~ . The

paper wa:; a - t t a c h e d 2 t t h e c e i l i n g 1:ine f i r s t n:lii h e l d i n

p l a c e -t-etnporarS.l;v w i t h s ! n a l l s-Lny)les r.i!lich were l a t e r removed. The p a p e r r.,ras "ilicn Z a s t e n e d arounc? t h e rcrl:l:j i n i l l s s i d e s a n d

a r o u n d opc:ling:j i n t h e samc !n2n11er. I - L ! * i t ~ s I\:cp-t damp f o r a b o u t 45 tnj-nu-tes t o perm-it $hc ;;Tile -Lo s e t b e y o r e t h e p a p e r

shr-anli. Opcnin,l:s f o r ~,~ii:~clor!.c, c u t o u t n f t c r %lie p a p e r c i r i c d .

The a p p l i c a t i o n of t h e 8 - f . 6 s h e e t s was much e a s i e r , a n d f a s t c r , t h a n t h e 4 - P t s h e e t s

us in^

s p l i c e d j o i n t s i n t h e

o r i g i n a l a p p l i c a t i o n (1). I n a d d i t i o n t h e a p p e a r a n c e of t h e f i n i s h e d wa7.1 was s u p r i o r t o t l i e ori:i;inal a p p l i c a - t i o n . The p a p e r vms a p p l i e d i n raid-Iiarch o:C 1 9 5 2 a n d h a s p e r f orrned s a t i s f a c t o r i l y t o d a t e a l t h o u g h s i n c e i t s a p p l i c a t i o n t h e r c l a t i v c h u m i d i t y h a s n o t :?one bclow 30 _{p e r c e n t .}

C o n d e n s a t i o n i n w a l l s p a c e s

To d e t c r r n i n c t h e d e c r e e o f cond e n s n t i o n i n ~ . n l a l l s , tlxo e x % e r i o r p a n e l s , one o p p o s i t e t h e b a t h r o o m , a n d one

o p n o s i t e t h e u t i l i t y room, were f a s t e n e d w i t h s c ~ c w t o f a c i l i t a t e r e n o v a 1 f o r i n s p e c t i o n . T h i s v:as d e s j - r n b l e i n vie;-? of t h e f a c t t h a t n o c o n v e n t i o n a l vny)our b a r r i e r h a d b e e n i n s t a l l e d i n t h e w a l l c o n s t n ~ c - L i o n . A v a p o u r b a r r i e r p a i n t was u s e d a s v a p o u r p r o t e c - t i o n 'tl.~rouglloilt most o f t h e h o u s e , and i n t h e bathroom a v i n y l c o v e r e d p n p e r was u s e d a s w a l l f i n i s h .

I n m i d - F e b r u a r y t h e

ane el

o p p o s i t e t h e bathroom w a s removed. The p a n e l o p p o s i t e t h e u t i l i t y room was holaever s o f i r r n l y f a s t e n e d i n p l a c e t h a t it c o u l d n o t b e removed w i t h o u t p o s s i b l e d a r n a ~ e t o t h e claddin!:.

The ba-throom p a n e l shov~ed e v i d e n c e o f some c o ~ d e n s a - t i o n i n t h e To=-m of a l i y e r of f r o s t a b o u t 1 / 1 6 t o 1/8 i n .

t h i c k o v e r t h e l o w e r h a l f of -the panel. ( F i g u r e 1 2 ) . The i n s u l a t i o n w a s d r y t o t h e t o u c h a n d 110 e v i d e n c e o f d e c a y \-$as

n o t i c e d i n t h e f r a m i n g . E x t e r i o r w a l l s

-

p a i n t i n o ;

-

I t was o r i g i n a l l y i n t e n d e d t h a t t h e g r e y a s b e s t o s cement panel-s ~ v o u l d b e u n f i n i s h e d . Some e v i d e n c e was r e p o r t e d t o t h i s D i v i s i o n o f d i f : f i c u l t i c s b e i n g e x p e r i e n c e d i n t h e

f i e l d w i t h t h e usc o f a c r y l i c l a t e x p a i n t a p p l i e d t o a s b e s t o s cement. lChe problem rvas c o n c e r n e d w i t h p r e m a t u r e f a d . i n g o f t h e p a i n t ivhere it

was

exposed t o r a i n . I t was d e c i d e d

t h e r e f o r e t o p a i n t t h e s o u t h and e a s t v ~ a l l s o f t h e h o u s e w i t h

a c r y l i c l a t e x p a i n t t o s e e i f t h e same problem would b e

e n c o u n t e r e d . To d a t e no fad-in:: o r d i s c o l o u l - i n , ? o f t h e p a i n t h a s o c c u r r e d .

(1) E a n s e n , A . T. JLraft p a v e r

-

a mz _{thod t o f i n i s h w a l l b o a r d .}

I n t e r i o r p a r t i t i o n s

The i n t e r i o r p a r t i t i o n s seemed q u i t e f l e x i b l e i n r e l a t i o n t o t h e s t i f f n e s s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h c o n v e n t i o n a l con- s t r u c t i o n . No a d v e r s e c r i t i c i s m , however, was made by t h e t e n a n t on t h i s a s p e c t . The p a r t i t i o n s a p p e a r g e n e r a l l y t o be i n good c o n d i t i o n , a l t h o u g h d e l a m i n a t i o n i n one p a n e l was n o t i c e d . I t i s n o t known whether t h i s d e l a m i n a t i o n occurred d u r i n g o r subsequent t o c o n s t r u c t i o n .

Plumb i n q

The performance of t h e sewage t r e a t m e n t system i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t o t h e Xark

I11

p r o j e c t h a s been e r r a t i c and t h e r e have been s e v e r a l problems concerning i t s performance. Since t h i s a s p e c t of t h e Mark I11 p r o j e c t i s b e i n g s u p e r v i s e d by t h e Ontario Research Foundation under t h e a u s p i c e s of

C e n t r a l Nortgage and Housing C o r p o r a t i o n , no d e t a i l s of t h e performance a r e provided h e r e .

FUTURE

STUDIES

Observations w i l l be continued d u r i n g t h e coming y e a r . I t i s a n t i c i p a t e d t h a t t h e s e o b s e r v a t i o n s w i l l r e v e a l t h e e x t e n t t o which condensation w i t h i n t h e r o o f space h a s been c o n t r o l l e d by r e l o c a t i o n of t h e combustion a i r d u c t and t a p i n g of t h e c e i l i n g j o i n t s .

Arrangements have a l s o been made f o r v e n t i l a t i o n

of t h e l i v i n g space t o be c o n t r o l l e d a u t o m a t i c a l l y w i t h dampers which w i l l o p e r a t e i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h a room h u m i d i s t a t . T h i s

should p r e v e n t e x c e s s i v e b u i l d up of r e l a t i v e humidity w i t h i n t h e house and a t t h e same time keep v e n t i l a t i o n t o a minimum.

TABLE

I

Summer of !:food Sample A n a l y s i s

(Rased on i n f o r m a t i o n k i n d l y p r o v i d e d by the

F o r e s t P r o d u c t s R e s e a r c h Branch o f t h e Department of F o r e s t r y )

S t a k e I h t e of L o c a t i o n :\,. C. a t t i f i e 'I'gpe o f C o n d i t i o n of No. removal i n c r u w l space of r e m o v a l mould o r a t a k e rclnove d

funsi f o u n d 11 3/1/62 Near o u t s i d e w a l l T r i c h o d e r m a lJcn i c i ilium F r e e o f d e c a y - . 2 7 3/1/62 Near i n t e r i o r Same a s 23 $ b e a r i n g w a l l above F r e e of decay 2 2 28/3/62 Near o u t s i d e wall 26 28/3/62 F e a r i n s i d e b e a r i n g w a l l T r i c h o d e r m a Some s t a i n i n g , b u t f r e e of decay T r i c h o d e r m a F r e e o f decay 2 9 / 0 / 6 2 Near out s i d e w a l l b u t f r e e o f Sonlo s t a i n i n g d e c a y

31

29/6/62 Near i n s i d e b e a r i n g w a l l 20$ Sarne a s above F r e e o f d e c a y 29 1/10/62 Near o u t s i d e w a l l

35

1/10/62 Near i n s i d e b e a r i n ? w a l l

3

1/10/62 I n s i d e s t u d s p a c e o f f o u n d a t i o n w a l l P h i n l o p h o r a D i s t i n c t s u r - P u l l u l a r i a f a c e s o r t e n i n g p u l l u l a n s b u t no d e c a y f u n g i i s o l a t e d P h i a l o p h o r a Same a s . a b o v e C t i ae t onli urn b u t l e s s s u r - f a c e s o f t e n i n g n o t e d - - - - - - r e s l n a e Sound oil s u r f a c e

TABLE I1

Summary o f S o i l A n a l y s i s Borings made on

1 5

June 1961.

~ -- ?la. t e r Liquiri P l a s t i c P l a s t i c i t y Llocati on D e p t h Content L i m i t L i m i t , .. Index .,f < ./ ,f i~ /" P i0 1'

5

f t 2

'

from

3

'

n o r t h -

4'

west

5

'

c o r n e r 6 1 of

7

'

house

O f

9

'

1 0 '

5

f t from south- e a s t c o r n e r of house Water i n h o l e a t d e p t h of 7'4" - -- - - .

TYPICAL SOIL PROFILE

( a t deep bench mark i n s t a l l a t i o n )

Black o r g a n i c t o p s o i l

1

Desiccated brown Leda c l a y Grey Leda c l a y

Approx 28,

TABLE I11 F o u n d a t i o n $?o veroen t i n t he i ' e r i o d from J u n e 11 t o October 1. 1962 R e f e r e n c e P o i n t Change i n X l e v a t i o n ( i n c h e s ) -0.01 -0.02 -0.05 -0.05

+o. 02

+o. 0 5

+o.

04 -0.08 -0.05 -0. O k 0.00

TABLE

I V

Snow L o a d s on Yiark T I 1 IIouse

D a t e T'11-162 15/1/62 22/1/42 2c/1/62 5/2/62 12/2/62 2 0 / 2 /62 2 7/2/62

5/3/@

13/3/62 19/3/62

-

I L o a d s (1.b /sq ft) Tlot-id on yr0~1nt-I

8

10

14

-

1s

13

1 9 22 26

27

26 Load on Iioof Minimum at any point 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 P:aximuin at any ~ o i n t

3

2 2

4

3

2 2 0 0

S

0 A v e r a , ~ e o v e r t h o roof 2 1 1

3

2 1 2 0 0 2 0

TABLE V

V e n t i l a t i o n Hate P i e a s u r o d a t V a r i o u s blind V e l o c i t i e s

-

I:nsic?e Air O u t s i d e A i r ':Tind Speed V e n t i l a t i o n

'lest D a t e Temp. Temp. D i r e c t i o n

No

.

Rate

TABLE

VI

A i r Plow PIeasurements i n t h e G i r c u l a t i n 2 A i r S y s t e m

DAMPER ARRAhT';EIWNT A I R P L O W - F ' T ~ / ~ ~ ~ . F u r n a c e Off F u r n a c e On

F a n On F a n On

1. Outdoor a i r darnper f u l l y open room a i r damper c l o s e d

o u t s i d e

trill-e

i n s i d e g r i l l e

c o m b u s t i o n a i r p i p e

2. O u t d o o r a i r damper c l o s e d room a i r damper f u l l y open

o u t s i d e g r i l l e i n s i d e

rille

c o m b u s t i o n a i r p i p e

3.

Outdoor a i r damper h a l f open room a i r damper h a l f open

o u t s i d e

rille

152

i n s i d e g r i l l e 200 c o m b u s t i o n a i r p i p e 59

7-

BOTE:

7

Combustion a i r f l o w i n t o t h e d u c t s y s t e m

TABLE V I I

IbIonthly Iblean T e m p e r a t u r e s , R e l a t i v e H u m i d i t i e s

And Iiuniidi t y 3 n t i o s i3ased on Oaily Average V a l u e s

o t h e r o t h e r i? H u m i d i t y r a t i o i s t h e w e i ~ h t o r w a t e r v a p o u r c o n t a i n e d i n a g i v e n w o i y h t o f d r y a i r a n d i s e x p r e s s e d a s c r a i n s o f w a t e r p e r

lb.

o f d r y a i r . L o c a t i o n . L i v l n s a r e a o f FIark I11 O u t d o o r s Average f o r

13

h o u s e s i n Ottawa a r e a O u t d o o r s L i vin;; a r e a o f ? ; a r k 111 Out d o o r s A v e r a g e f o r

13

h o u s e s i n O t t a w a a r e a O u t d o o r s Y e a r .-

1962

1962

---

1950

1959

1958

1959

1962

1962

-

1958

1959

1958

1959

I J&IliU ARY Temp. OF

69.1

11.1

70.9

70.6

18.2

12.3

F Z HRUA RY Rel. Humid- i t y $

26.8

72

.

0

31.0

27.7

72.0

78.0

Ilunii d

-

i t y Ratio-:: G r a i n s p e r lb

29

6

31

29

8

9

Ternp. ol,

69.2

10.0

71.4

70.2

12.5

13.2

IIumid

-

it^

Ratio-:; G r a i n s p e r lb

28

7

35

31

11 10 Kel. Jiunlid- i t y /O

27.2

71.0

27.

7

27.3

70.4

70.7

JULY AUGUST

65

62

71

71

76

96

74.1

65.4

76.0

70.8

09.1

73 7

76

.

3

66.

b

-74.9

76.9

b7.1

71.5

52.2

67.0

52.2

51.7

70.5

75.8

55.3

72.8

-.

49.9

57 3

69.2

78.9

75

79

61_C

80

70

93

TABLE

VIII

Rate of F u e l Consumption

O i l _{Degree Days R a t e of Consutnption} Consump t i o n _{( 6 5 0 ~ base ) g a l . / d e g r e e day}

( g a l *

Figure 1 Photograph of f i n i s h e d house a t 4 0 A Barker Blvd.

FIGURE 2 FLOOR P L A N OF MARK I l l HOUSE

Erd Ebwtlon

- 2 x6- non-cont. Mador

5/B"X6'X21 ood Jpllco -

4" plywood ? c r a oxtorlor wall-

2 - x t ' conthuour hoador

F I G U R E 3 S T R E S S E D S K I N FLOOR P A N E L

End Elovation Plan

top skin 373' plywood --A ,-

bottom skin 5/16 prywood

1,

/

2 x4 lookouts 0 24 o c -- - Sida Elomtion

FIGURE 5

DIAGRAMMATIC INDICATION OF HEATING 8 VENTILATING SYSTEM MARK I l l PROJECT

-

roo( mrNq 3m py*md TXT IOM urn 116- 1 I I C h f*Cx42- Lm*ovt, 0 24"or. M' my."& Wfil 1)12" vim T14 6mbb p*n. - m - awnom rn f x4- nub 0 24.-

120.6' TO FIRE HYDRANT I D 5 0 ID 20 S C A L E IN FEET I I I I I

ELM TREE CARPORT

4

4' SPIKE, 9 b 2 ' ABOVE

I

GRADE I 8 k - - - L

I

DRIVEWAY ₁₃ 2 LEGEND

- CONCRETE FOUNDATION BLOCKS FOR CARPORT POSTS

I-- 4" GALVANIZED LAG SCREWS

- WATER CONTENT BORINGS

0 - DEEP BENCH MARK ( DBM - 7 INSTALLED ON ROCK OR OTHER RESISTANT MATERIAL AT A DEPTH OF 28' ON 11 - 6 - 6 2 ASSUMED ELEVATION 1 0 0 . 0 0 0

FIGURE 7

INSTRUMENTATION FOR SETTLEMENT OBSERVATIONS AT N H BA MARK Ill HOUSE

F I G U R E

8

Figure 10 V e r t i c a l s p l i t i n D a f t paper f i n i s h i n l i v i n g room. Figure 11 Diagonal t e a r i n W a f t paper f i n i s h i n master bedroom.

F i g u r e 1 2 F r o s t l a y e r on e x t e r i o r p a n e l removed from w a l l a d j a c e n t t o bathroom.