• Aucun résultat trouvé

Landscape heterogeneity related to organic and conventional farming systems: effects on natural enemies of crop pests and pest predation levels

N/A
N/A
Info
Télécharger
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Landscape heterogeneity related to organic and conventional farming systems: effects on natural enemies of crop pests and pest predation levels"

Copied!
1
0
0

Chargement.... (Voir le texte intégral maintenant)

Texte intégral

(1)

SFE 2016 - International conference on ecological sciences Proposition : oral communication - Theme : Agricultural Ecology

Landscape heterogeneity related to organic and conventional farming systems: effects on natural enemies of crop pests and pest predation levels

Aviron S.

a

, Monteiro, A.

a

, Baudry J.

a

, Djoudi A.

b

, Pétillon J.

c

, Plantegenest M.

b

, Poggi S.

b

, Puech C.

a,b

a

INRA, UR 980, SAD-Paysage, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France

b

INRA, UMR1349 IGEPP, F-35653 Le Rheu, France

c

Université de Rennes 1, EA7316 Biodiversité et Gestion des Territoires, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc CS 74205, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France

Abstract

Organic farming is considered a promising type of production to enhance biological control of pests by their natural enemies, and therefore, to reduce pesticide use in modern agricultural systems. The effects of organic farming on natural enemies have been largely studied at the field scale, but the role of landscape heterogeneity related to the amount and spatial configuration of organic farming remains little explored. Moreover, little is known about local and landscape effects of farming systems on pest predation by natural enemies. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of farming systems (organic vs. conventional) at the field and landscape scales, on the diversity of natural enemies and on prey predation levels in cereal crops. Natural enemies (predatory carabid beetles and ladybirds) and predation levels of sentinel preys (aphids and weeds) were sampled in 20 pairs of organic-conventional cereal crops located in 20 landscapes with varying percent cover of organic farming, in western France. Our results show that the diversity of natural enemies and pest predation levels were mainly affected by the type of farming system at the field scale, and were overall higher in organic crops. They were not influenced by the amount and spatial configuration of farming systems at the landscape scale, but were influenced by the amount of woody habitats (hedgerows). Our findings suggest that the promotion of biological control in hedgerow network landscapes mainly relies on the adoption of organic practices and, to a lesser extent, on the conservation of hedgerows.

Keywords : Organic farming, landscape context, carabid beetles, ladybirds, aphid and weed

predation, hedgerows.

Références

Télécharger maintenant ( PDF - 1 Page - 63.63 KB )

Documents relatifs

Tillage and herbicide reduction mitigate the gap between conventional and organic farming effects on foraging activity of insectivorous bats

Specifically, we compare bat foraging activity simulta- neously on wheat crops of one organic and three conventional farming systems located in a narrow intensive

Do the effects of crops on skylark (Alauda arvensis) differ between the field and landscape scales?

We used nested models to estimate the response of skylark abundance to variations of rapeseed and maize areas between squares and to assess the consistency of effects between the

Multi-community effects of organic and conventional farming practices in vineyards

Results of the best models explaining the abundances of (a) pollinators, (b) ground beetles, (c) spiders, (d) springtails, (e) mites, (f) soil microarthropods and (g) microbial

Ecological intensification of livestock farming systems : landscape heterogeneity matters

Ecological intensification of livestock farming systems : landscape heterogeneity matters.. Muriel Tichit, Rodolphe Sabatier, Félix Teillard d’Eyry,

Effect of local landscape heterogeneity on crop colonization by natural predators of pests in protected horticultural cropping systems

The goal of our study was to assess whether the variability in crop colonization levels by mirids (Macrolophus spp. and Dicyphus spp.) is related to local landscape

Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of agricultural landscapes influences generalist natural enemies and the potential for biological pest control

Nous avons mis en évidence, dans le cadre de ce travail, que l'hétérogénéité spatiale et temporelle des paysages agricoles - et notamment la taille moyenne du

Economic and environmental performances of organic farming system compared to conventional farming system: A case farm model to simulate the horticultural sector of the Niayes Region in Senegal

A whole farm model is used to compare the economic and environmental performances of the organic and conventional horticultural farming systems in the Niayes

Economic and environmental performances of organic farming system compared to conventional farming system: A case study of the horticulture sector in the Niayes region of Senegal

Our study suggests that, through appropriate investment in agro-ecological research to improve organic management and the establishment of a local organic market for organic