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Meta-analysis of the response of growing pigs to valine content of the diet
Jaap van Milgen, Mathieu Gloaguen, Nathalie Le Floc’H, Ludovic Brossard, Y. Primot, E. Corrent
To cite this version:
Jaap van Milgen, Mathieu Gloaguen, Nathalie Le Floc’H, Ludovic Brossard, Y. Primot, et al.. Meta- analysis of the response of growing pigs to valine content of the diet. 4th International Symposium on energy and protein metabolism and nutrition (ISEP), Sep 2013, Sacramento, United States. Wa- geningen Academic Publishers, EAAP Publication, 134, 2013, EAAP Publication. �hal-01210465�
1 INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, Saint-Gilles, France, 2 Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 PEGASE, Rennes, France, 3 Ajinomoto Eurolysine S . A . S ., Paris, France
Jaap van Milgen 1,2 , Mathieu Gloaguen 1,2 , Nathalie Le Floc’h 1,2 , Ludovic Brossard 1,2 , Yvan Primot 3 , Etienne Corrent 3
Introduction and objective
Data and statistical analysis
• 28 dose-response studies with at least 4 levels of Val were obtained from 20 publications (9 of which were peer-reviewed).
• The composition of feed ingredients (Sauvant et al., 2004) was used to calculate the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) and nutrient composition.
• Data were standardized (Figures 1 and 2):
• relative to the NRC (1998) Val requirement estimate (as a % in the diet or relative to Lys, depending on the design of the study)
• relative to the response at the highest level of Val supplementation
Conclusions
• Recent experimental evidence suggests that Val is the next-limiting amino acid for pigs in cereal-soybean meal based diets (after Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp, but before Ile).
• Information on the Val requirement for growing pigs is scarce.
•
L-Val is now available as a free amino acid, allowing the formulation of diets with a very low protein content.
• Objective: perform a meta-analysis of available data on the response of growing pigs to the Val supply.
Meta-analysis of the response of growing pigs to the valine content in the diet
The bent-stick model was parameterized using feed intake and daily gain as response criteria with the following model parameters:
• a plateau value for each study
• a Val requirement for each study (i.e., the mid-point of the transition phase)
• a common slope across studies
The duration of the partial response was fixed for each study based on the anticipated decline in the Val requirement during the experiment.
Amino acid r Amino acid r
Lys 0.67 Phe+Tyr 0.79
Met 0.43 Leu 0.47
Met+Cys 0.48 Ile 0.17
Trp 0.51 His 0.75
Thr 0.68 Arg 0.06
Phe 0.84
Results
• The responses of feed intake and daily gain to the Val supply were very similar (Figure 2).
• Val requirement estimates ranged from 87-117% of the NRC (1998) value for feed intake, and from 84-114% for daily gain (94% on average, which corresponds to 64% SID Val:Lys).
• Increasing the SID Val:Lys supply from 64% to 69% resulted in a 5% performance increase.
• A 10% reduction in Val supply below the requirement reduced feed intake and growth by respectively 23% and 27%.
• The Val requirement may increase with increasing amino acid or protein level (Figure 4 and Table 1):
• Most of the studies on Val requirements have been carried out in pigs weighing <35 kg.
• Most of the response to a Val deficiency occurs through a reduction in feed intake.
• To maximize growth, 69% SID Val:Lys is required.
• A Val deficiency results in a strong reduction in performance.
• The amino acid or protein content of the diet may have an impact of the Val requirement.
Figure 1. Meta-design of the study. The horizontal line indicates the duration of the study (body weight range) and the vertical line the range in Val contents (% of the NRC (1998) value).
150 100
50 50 100 150 50 100 150
100 75 50 100
75 50
100 75 50
150 100
50 100
75 50
150 100
50 50 100 150 50 100 150
Barea et al., 2009
Relative Val content, % of NRC
Re sp on se , % o f h ig he st le ve l
Gaines et al., 2006 (1) Gaines et al., 2006 (2) Gaines et al., 2011 (1) Gaines et al., 2011 (2) Gloaguen et al., 2011 (1) Gloaguen et al., 2011 (2)Gloaguen et al., 2011 (3) Jackson et al., 1953 James et al., 2001 Jansman et al., 2008 Lewis et al., 1995 Liu et al., 2000 Lohmann et al., 2012
Mavromichalis et al., 2001 (1) Mavromichalis et al., 2001 (2) Millet et al., 2010 Nemechek et al., 2010 Paulicks et al., 2008 Sloth et al., 2010 Torrallardona et al., 2008 (1)
Torrallardona et al., 2008 (2) Trautwein et al., 2010 Vinyeta et al., 2011 Waguespack et al., 2012 Wiltafsky et al., 2009 (1) Wiltafsky et al., 2009 (2) Wiltafsky et al., 2009 (3)
Figure 2. Response of pigs to the Val supply ( feed intake, daily gain). Studies indicated by a
were not analyzed further because the amplitude of the response was <10% or there was no indication for a linear or quadratic response (P > 0.25). The study of Jackson et al. (1953) was not considered further because of the low genetic potential of the pigs at that time.
Figure 4. Relation between the Val requirement estimate and the Phe content in the diet. Both values are expressed as a percentage of the NRC (1998) requirement estimates.
Figure 3. A bent-stick model was used to account for the decline in Val requirement during the experiment. The green area (left panel) illustrates that, in a dose-response experiment, a partial response will be observed for some of the treatments because the Val requirement declines (solid line) while the Val supply remains constant during the experiment (the 5 dashed lines). If a broken- line relationship is assumed to be true at a given point in time, a bent-stick relationship will be observed for full duration of the experiment (right panel).
Table 1. Correlation coefficients between the Val requirement estimate and the amino acid content in the diet.
80 90 100 110 120
100 125 150 175 200
Va l r eq ui rem en t, %
Phe content, %
r = 0.84
50 60 70 80 90 100
0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65
Rel at iv e r es po ns e, %
Val content, % in diet
Requirement Partial response
0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70
20 30 40 50
Val c on te nt , % in d ie t
Body weight, kg
30 50 70 90 110 130 150
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
