The cost of switching Internet providers in the broadband industry, or why ADSL has diffused faster than other innovative technologies: Evidence from the French case
Texte intégral
(2) .
(3) !"$#! %'& #)(* + $#,- . 0/ #132+4/52$ + *+46#!78 #9: )7;0<>=)?@ 2"-+5 !A6BC+2$#9 2$4 $# )(D2EF(*G$ 3 3H4I J-(*K+ *LA#15MN O#C 241PQ. ;06 5#RI. ST2$U*KWVX#C2YRZX2$ +.J-(*[\=*2]K)%Z Z. ;X!YKY2%! . Z_^: H(DI#,C`a+ @bc d=*5& H2e;X4F&*3 AC8gfbih:=*jCkWh\J-<.Jlk.8m[npoN#6Dq;XF/*$#rJs]* 8 o t3npt oauv2F/* w8LO#C2 wxL y yez|{ yN{3n}z~ o3xOB2$B y yez|{ yNt3nay ~{3 xXjMi2K. ST2$U*K) VX#C2YC #1+ $$)#R%A# Z Z0/[R$#(52E F#CO#C2 2A+ )fG %C3EA6*#C4l)3MY46D"C8m[npod#6Da;.F/D$#rJsF[ 8 o t3npt ou:2$F/* 8O#C2 )xy yz{ y{3nzn"m[xrOB2EB y yz{ y{3nzdm m[xwjM2Y1. %(*[%FC2KY"R@3)FRK41j&*9A#. V:$7p #C+3I. w5*6DMcI#,%!$ g[CC84w$ )3 3 w2D]*I# 28*E(**6 !H5 ' +46'#! )C8 #C$)6D 2E 2I +3Mv&*%!H5v&**]KK4. SCJ?*+ 4E. ?X I8)?\pt 8*o y y.
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7) "!#$%&('#)* + ,.-#/102'3-"0'45&'6"
(8) 7
(9) 89:;<#8 =?>A@#B &03 C'#,DE6" /2'4D03
(10) ) 7093 7+1%&0F 75%G 2F#"#HI&I: JFKL%7'12 MNO 7QPRMF&FS03 *. TVUWEXYMZF[\X ]^`_badc`cfe*g`hDiajgf_k)lIe*hMm\kfh$cfmoncMiI_l5cf_7ipadcfm\q ri5l5staurv
(11) ^`hMl,hMvi_Dl,aur_
(12) mwkfstajcf_lxiayhVz`^f_cfe*{+_c`h|a}cVi,_Dl,{+re`~ i5_Dv$^`cfe`e*`stv
(13) ^fe*auv\_h/r ;_
(14) j#h/rrE_D_
(15) vi5aue*c?e*~pncMi,_Dl,cf_7ipr_l5g)ayv\_zfl,e*gfaum_Dl7rn7frfSai^)ac|i^f_CrE_(i e`~ ~5ayl,{+rzfl,e\gfaum*ajc`?ncMi,_Dl,cf_7iIgf_l5s?e*~ui,_c?ajc?3qfl,eMzF_i^f_bajc`v
(16) q){k _cMipe\zF_Dl,hDi5e*lR^`h*rRi^f_bjaue*cur+r,^`h\lI_be`~ _cfm`5vq r5ie*{+_Dl7rph$cfmor,qz`zfuau_
(17) ri^f_+me*{+ajc`h\c$i#i5_
(18) v^`c)e`ue*`sF2e*vq r7ajc`te*cCi^f_l,_cv$^ov
(19) h/rE_
(20) Fi^`aurRzfh$zf_l r,^fe*;rpi^hiRhMi^`e\qf^?ac)_DliIajh.eMcoi^f_|r,q`z`zfdsr7am`_|zfhMlui5dsmMq)_ie|i^f_blI_E*q jhDiaue*ctzfl,e/v\_rEradc?aiIr_u~5I ^f_
(21) dz r#i5eb_`zFjhMajci5^)_"iI_v
(22) ^cfe`ue*sC{+ad|lI_hMv$^f_
(23) m;i,ebm*hDi5_
(24) Fh{e*l7_pvMe{z u_7i,_Rz ajviq)lI_e/~3i^f_;a}cf_Dli5ajhv
(25) h
(26) c kf_<e\k/i5h\ajcf_
(27) mS ^f_c;_vMe*cfr7aum_Dlbi^f_<_)a}riI_cfv\_<e*~|vMe`r,iIrt~5h\v
(28) _
(29) m4k`sAvqFr5i5e*{+_l(rQp^f_cAr;ai5v$^fadcf kf_(i;_
(30) _cbn7fr$MS_pv
(31) h\jvq jhDi_"i^f_
(32) r_re`5v
(33) h\ju_
(34) mC\r,;ai5v
(35) ^)ajc`|v
(36) e`r5iIr**]^f_pv
(37) ue`rEajc`|r7_
(38) vi5aue*cbe`~3i^faur zfh
(39) zf_l m`_Dl,ajgf_
(40) r&r_g)_Dl,hM)aj{;zFuajv
(41) hDiaue*cfr#ajcpi5_Dl,{+r#e`~2zfe`jauv$s ` . ¡
(42) ¢ XYM£F¤¥[\X¦£ ¢. @? A!/* =)#C2%$)7|w&3 K]7R%c *32$i3 Mg2$U3 NJ-6*#C &* Mi6D",CY6 U i +)*j/*2)1+_ Mv7q/ 7 72I#cm*o'Io[\v&*2$#A E6DY2I# ]M&* # 2I Y A I 2*Mg" 5BU )vK+)*j! 4I[CH(DvCwE)#,\6D$ g24 0Cf\4§ OB2I*$#/*I#! 2$+u:$#,&*2$* 8 m*o o)mF¨T©a rCf\8[ v/ #C*2+4/*2I + +46#!7 YW5Y$ 3CK+ $#Cw+2.4A KK+ i #14!&*% *2$* #C+46D ) c+ F*2-+5F(DY+ o§ <i: )W2$ +k#C[$ 8'm*o o)mF¨%2©a AK Mg *+ 8[2LE YI*2D#C2MgEi5#Uc 2"/*wgK2$/* #C2E+v #!"$#!E-I5MMv6D Yw2E!H5* Mg2$#!U*EC18 KM&3KMg"+/ 72C$#CK4: GJ-6*#C5&*w2$+5F#1EH(5)v m*o o)m*8 &)6*#!&*[C 0)6D + ]* MgMv/D$#c2T4i2$ + F#v2E 52 #C$)6DK2E5#7@2%6 #!K42". $72ER©_ KY + 4C #C+ m.
(43) )6)I M X@$#:2$ +@ 313 K+ 2E Mv&*E @ @Mc2I#!U*ECC8i2$2F#C2+)7 )/[1$#!(D 3+ 2%7 13Mv M&*5#A2$4s! 5#A2YA /*EAi$r6D c&* ] w2K2YM l2+ v%6*#!#C$"-+47 2McK) X] *j!*MMv6D K2E 5* J6*#C &*)' (*2I# H6g)6*4#Y"C8 2"%C4%CMg4*+ 2w7A. 2% #1$)6[H2E!H5_i24 5Y$a/*241+N _v#15pd24R6DMv&)!H5*2$/56 v qY6 A6*#C + E(* &*M4>3 /#C*2+4/*2 + 2%!F(*K4%hW$)6[K2E 46 ! $# KM&*1+ 6*)#C2K !K &)6*#!&*[C"N *E6DMv/D48 2+ _]$#C2)C +5 !KE6D!K418. #KY ]E6DMi/D"c a2@w5M #2E/*K CA6D2E (DI#17E#Cw46[F#1Mg4C§ ?s2$34W2$+ F#C 8m*o o o)¨%3J-(* + L2 /5 +)#C2%v A#13M. #C2$#1 *2"C 5: #1$)6[K2E 5#R5M:&*2$#C McCF(D)e 4 $#. #1$)6[H2E)#,%3O9)#0 32$ "8[ ST2$&*2 4Rg2$& & #C*2$ #1$)6* 2E 2$& &*w2$#,\ /*M.6 Mi5#C "$#!(*4 :)#c #! )*I#. 2$ 4 I#54o§!4&*K2K]7 J6*# &*2$@ "7¨C82$ +@A Y$r&*$#CF(D+2" 2$(* & #C*+46D+M #CcI Mv&*E 3 2E- c +46B#7 K$(*"§ O#C2[CMg2 8 m*o o t)¨T *2I&[/5EAw &* ]!K2XK2KM 2 +}w6*##C$4i]+46#!7}+)7 *2MY)>2$#C66D2YY7 % &*Y2 *+/ 7 6D + $#CF7* 2!7*MMgE#!730 # Mg2E 24w+/ 7 #C$)6DK2E!H52%6 #! ) Mv&*E)#,+) !Kw6DK4N )(*$#13M ]E6DMi/Dw7 2w+(52"2$*4182$+ M #C &)6*EA6D2 ]7@/ 7@ $#K2 v 36[Mi$#,v_:$ *E6DMv/D"R- Y&*2I&*$#gE &* #C) 4C*2$&[/ 7a3%6C] 5@ O#C$ / #C*2+4/*2*+q +46'#7}2 +_2$#)6D4 2EgI5*6DMg$# *$#! 22I& &*2$#,-w"#C2$* . #-$ &*Y22E!H5D #CK2EF(*]7@C 5#A\ Y5#7 5 / #C*2+4/52+]*+)6#7 O#12".§!2$& &*w2$#C]p!F#%\ * w2$#CH7m*o o o(¨.5E K4%X& #C)(* + 4:215 K+/D2"C :! #X2$ MK 2$2]7[RA:2+2%A6D2$ Y7 K+ 4 K)>2}YM&*5#A2$"&*2$#C2+p ;. )6* q/ #C*2+4/52+qC4$# Egw2$q/*+ YF(D$#C+@/ 72 "6[Mv/D$#>5i+5 !$#1"gI5Mv&*%! ) $ * 5 K4182Mc )@ "C H2$#!*F7a+ 3M *2E4v *+46#17D' m*o o3np8s2E/*)6)L~)m. $+ j 6C$#RLi$#C 5p "E+(* 2c< =)?Nw$ 3H5 7[xI~. 61+ ©a !K8:i Y dA Y$ 3CK+ $#1+d242 2+)(*24w+e$ * 5 7 C *_r& #C)(* + ) iF#CK4% 2w),%x2 + zHn. 6C+}2E/*K8G K2L/#C32w+4/*2 + w$ 3H5 7D !_2w+ +5 8. y.
(44) : I#C2)a$"#!7 24_/*w *$*$#C2 ]7 )6*#C2$*+/ 7 O#1 #C$)6D 2E #7 2E6 5#!7. §;#C$&F¨C8 E6DMv/D":5&*I#C2T )#.O#C2I - *M §AOB ¨g K0%C 7[. ]H3[gC 2$#13 I + j!E65Mi$#%I 5Mi2$#!U*Es! *2$#CX]m*o o3ng *+c2,z*~[m8*#C$F7* $*F6CF(D 7>5v<>=?sj/521+ w$ )3 57D)©aK+ ]7 5(*2EF(*v2+ 5M:&*E!!F(*w85 LO#C$ / #C*2+4/*2+c!4$# E- +46B#!7 A 6D + )6 /)+ F7 *2$#C2EI#!AC+_/ 7dYM&* # 2I4 $#K2 & 3M2q I# Mg 3 3 w$ )3 3 )182I +d2AC eI#!M & #C(*K+ $#R%X AA& #1/*KMg2E!HeC *_ _3c . . % &*"E+dI5*C46D) c _M$#*_3c q )(D2E ]/#C*2+4/*2 +N4$#!ERcK O#C2 2 + .J6*#15&*24B 5i24' $#C2%! #C2*3Mv&*%! v/*EAi$.w$ 3H5* 4I. © 2E24: 4 + + 8s4!&*K2Y 7@#C5M #C$)6DK2E # Tl(*KE:&*3 48 i24:2r+ CF(Dr 44 /5EAi. . E6[Mv/D4RAs$ * X5$ )3 57w§ < =)?"¨s2$ +g2$$# 2EF(*0$ 3K4 § 6D 2"\2$/*Kv # ©a !u¨06*& &*5#A+/ 7g*E $4#12$4Cs& #C(K+5 ) * 46D2Y7g&*2"$U*2$*4l2Es$ 2$&*# & #C w4%. +46#C 2g+)7 *2McK)& #C)(* + 4U*$7 YMg4C NA a2 2 7[CA3 I#!H2}i $#CN6*& &3 7. . 16*#14 2$#1NI5$#!+ §. 2K$#/D28 m*o o)m[xVv I& &*$#R8 I{ {p~3xVX#C2Y8 m*o o t 2M¨,v;v_6D . & #1(* + "v2 & 4I4 2\$ &*K2 2E #v )78 + 4&3 2c#CI)6* 2E+5M:&*E 5& #C*4R0 2% I )6*#C2$*+ Mv&*2 K)0 1$ E\ /*) w$ 3H5 72+#1K2Ew+1$#(*K)X2Es i4 & #C w89 g+) M *24G5M:&*2)7§! $#CiO9 ¨\24]*2K]72w/*Kv M&*1i c+ E(5H5&*Mg"\ . . <>=)?2"v A2$ + 2$#1+ 80+ 4&3X/* ) * I#i &4 Mg2 #. K2 3 57D. Aa&*2$&*$#2$ M _2$ 2F7[R w2E6C4 I#!H2 2"E ) a +46'#78 /37 )(D) *2E! p /5 _6*& &3F7 2+q+ Mg2 +q2%5#,T© 2I#!)6D 2E:2$ )6* q I#!H2 6*& &3F7}CY+ w8 5YI C 2$&*+ / 7 #C$)6DK2E 5& #C*I4,:]@CCY8 + *4X *F& @% &* 2] * %6*#!#C$"cA6D2E 82 M #C$ Mv&*KE&3 %A6*#C L +46'#7 +)7 *2McK4gAg5 7 )/)2 "+. . . : i 4#13+46Dc [AC 13j2$ K+
(45) }C!P. 2w+/ 7}E65Mi$#%. iYC @$ 2p* !"$#! %& #(* + I#%- 4CwACv F6D+ w5 F(*§5#X&[7 3H5* 2u¨. z.
(46) wCL: Y /*rY6*# $#:+ *E6*Mg"+/5 i8 E(54A6D2 ]7 r[W5#C$&* 2 @ ) w46[F&*Mg485 #C2$312E [C6D$ >24 v[A- -)YK%! )r 5#CM2%! 2$/56 2$$#!2EH(5 $#%C8v2$+N 4#12EA6D2$:[C _ 2%rE6 M$#% Y$N 2$(*e#C4&*E 26 /[R$#CF&) &*I# H3+[ - A C)6*#C5B $# 2 . + M2+>CK+ A&*2$#C2+ )* 23/p6 B E(5$# K),-w"#C2 r+7 2McK):5\ c/ #C*2+4/*2+]*+46#!7[2I#C2$+ )* 2K8GC * XY:3MM3 7q12Y+3 + M2+ #N4$#!EI5p %! 2+ CI#1(*K"N 2Ee$ 36[MI#,d 2$(5 2"4%a 2$K *5#CM2%! 2E/*)6 1$#(*Ka& #C( +*$#,C8/54 dE#CMc [ C2$+46D2$ 7*j! j R$#(*K") f #6D 2K89C *0gX+ Mi33#C2EG 2%9 L& #14C$*w. prC- F& % &* 2]g 57. . 0 *E6[Mv/D4 >2$+i $*C'I ) * 5 7. . 2I#C+ )Mc *24R . K2$U[M&3F#CK"2'w53MK22 7[R4 c + ,$#CM *24C G$ + CH332*+ /52$#!#CK$#, v$ c%=-% 0^.V> -#CI)6[K2E 5#-5#-w5MMv6[ K2%! 3s +46D%+c2v6*#(5$7 &D2$# E6DK2$# 212M&*K *2+46DXw5*6DM$#%v !4I#! EWM2$#!U*%+§!3M8-m*o o t)¨% 2% #C"C2$#1$ C )c 2El2i AKM5#1: 2$ m*o &*$#C$"\ M 2w(5 +c F#\%= cF#%- )#CwiMi5" [ m*o o t 8'2I + npy SC6**m*o o t #C$&5#A+ 2E(* E(5$#I 2)*"+ 2I#! 5#&*2IU*2$*.! *G w7i 2$(*0C4I#! E 2,B M)2I#!#C $#,' $ vI#C0 )C M&3 7 + Y%6[K) M2$U*g5M:&*2$#C 15[\/*%AI 6*& &3 K4#,§z z ¨ /)6 82IYC#C$6DE2$ wir "2w(5 6*& &3 K$# ) #6 §t y ¨R* #6A 5#6*$#2I]"7 [C2E/56p' 46D2 7r & #C)(* + $#%\ 2F#12+)7c4+c#C+46D L Y **4,-$ >246* *"+ cVvKM&*$#C$#p§II{ {3n`¨%*L 7 n $K2 Mg4+c $7gg$#C] U*]758(5$#!7K]U* 7 5#$#A2 c vI c F#\& #C)(*Y+ I#l $ 2$)D F# )E _ME 3+ 8G: _ )(*3F(5>$ 2p3K)qw$ )3 57D -! ^ =*8l<>=)? 2$+ f\2$/*K_2$#C @A:NM2]Nw$ 3H5* 4rN $#4$# E 2w4,r 2E/*)6) { {. 5c . 61 3 +3182$+ Jl M + ) §m*o o ~)¨_#Cw$4F7 !6* *4+ E &* #C $#H2 2"E #, &*4I4 2Y 72!E )v + M2+>CK+ ). n.
(47) #C i 2"R$#CH/5>@I 36DMg$#,:]$ &*Y2 *] w$ )3 3 w2\ *$# 2r+5 !$#,:#13M )(*I#v YMc @Mg2!C # 7*0&*2$&*$#RLi Y 3 Y$#C2EA6*#C EAi #!U@Ep$#!2 K) &* I#C+/ 7Vi2E 2$ + =5 2$&*F#CS§$I{3pt`¨%9 CI#C2EA6*#Cic 2$(*r5 )g+W 24/5 )q 2E 2$#* (*2F6Dr # $ [Cg @$ 36[Mg$#,IC + @2a "2+q 2w+ 5&" 55]*$#C 5#0w$ )3 3 )X$(5 G $#C 2$#Rc+ F#CEEA)#U%)$#!2]!K4+§CR = )78Gm*o o)m*22$+ #1I#C 4v $#C [x W$ [18I{3p{)¨%- *T $#vv _6[pU_wAC :$4#78 )C*$$#C2E 2$
(48) %A #!UE)%#!2K7<§,Cw? K$/*)r2 + I{ {)z*8_ #2 +)YCE6B,CH3 N +) !I#C*4/*$Ai$ +)F#CE 2I +. . 2$#!*3 AC8. ]+5 #,wE EA: #!U. %)$#!2YK47¨% W24CK2Y 7 2 #C%2$ q # Mr E6 5Mg$# +p34| 4+)F#1EF7 )/)2 * # 12EAC!2wE!H5 24q 42$ 46DMi/DI#a5 w5*6DMcI#Ed$ 12Mi $ 3 57 *$#12)C4ThW2E $#C85 v 36[MI#\2$#C"\2$/*)6 ."6*Mi/DI#\5-4 $#\I5*6DMg$#,063/DR$#CF/*]* $ 1@#1E2$ K$#C8LC 4 Yg2E)# $#Cw214v ]U*K] 3*+@.i] X6*#!(*F(D * *+46#17D. X Ep\CEH58Di. F(*:2$ )(*$#(*Y$ 5 L/#C*2+4/*2$+ +46'#7 O#C2 "J6*#5&*. §R=3wE mF¨%3©a $C ) 2E #C+ $# 6* + $#R2$+ +7 2McK4L5 c/ #132+4/52 + *+46#178vrA),12$#!7ad$ 3CK+ $# /54 6*& &3F7*j 2$ +d+ M2 + jCCY+ }+ E$#!M *24C <>=)? + M]*2 §,=*E y)¨%b©d2$#!)6D 2E ]*I#!H2d5d 6*& &3F7CK+ § 2EAC8 KMc2%! ) N E6DMv/D4 *[C]p <>=?s8c#16E2I _ 4#C*+46Dq a )(*Q©Y!. . w$ )3 578'2+ + A)#A 5r* *Mv&*E 2$/*Y 2 9 p#CKMg4C /5] r* $#12E+ / 7 q#1$)6[K2E N& #C*4R d,1]I¨& #C)(*K+ 4 ]7 2q&*2$# 2(*AC *d3c _+7*2McK) /#C*2+4/*2 + *+46#17 O#C2*)vE8 $#! 2r + M2+ CK+ K: & #14R r3 C 3 K!K24-w5*6DM$#\ )>[Cv H g2$#1.$M&*F#CK42 ]7>Mg2)6*#C2E/*K.A#13M2wEA6D2[+ 2E2 d& #! w42 + M2I#!U*E! 2I#C4%©aa+ ]*aE6)Mg$#@i$ wC<§,=*, dzF¨2I + w2HE6[K2EG MN6C] r= )7-46[K$Ug2 +2"!7cMg2)6*#C§,=*E cn`¨%O *2 ]7*8)i5MMg4 . t.
(49) )6*##C46*C@2I + & #C"C4)6 #$ 6BC i! #C4&*Er #1$)6*K2E 2 + 3Mv&*E! * &* KK4 §,=*E 5it)¨%. . $#03'3-"0'454P"M0|KL6$:!".
(50) . . ! " .
(51) . #C*2+4/52$ +w3MMi6D K2E [@ 2$(*e/53Mi NMi M&* # 2$"*E6@ *E6*#!#CI4. %(*36 q !"E#!E § O#C2$*CMg28m*o o t)¨% #C*2+4/52$ + *I*$#C2 ]7 Mc"23!"$#! % w5p "E [:5W2&*+ 6*&[I# H5#0 N%m["U)/*
(52) #!T #! 2+4/52 + C"$#! %X2$/5 & #C)(* +*+(* 2. . + $#C" $ 3 3 " 2 + 5M *24 <>=)?s82$+2$#! 2%H(5 5)Xf\2w/*K 2$+ ©a !%$ 53_ K 2 /* [CK+ $#C+ 24 Mg$#!*"R_ 4R8<>=?. . §! #d;0<>=? 5#. 2"!7 * )#C )6+)F*263/DR$#CH/5$#0 *\¨\ 2$(D+ ]A6'14+ 2)$#T<iE(5H5&*+r]c 2%I{3po318 KGI 3 7 2K )c0/#C*2+4/*2 + + 2E2. /* C$"(5$# v#C2+) 2- & &*$# $ $&* * K *4 2El )*% M[s *M42 + CMg2Y/)6BC *4%R4%*- 2"\#C2E I#0 2%A6*#C2$ ]7r/*w3Mg: *E6DMv/D4 5&*I#C2T 5#T s$ 3 X5/ #C*2+4/52+iI 3K )7v/D2E6RX-2$A1c)v* 2I +cw5"#! A 5& &*I# $H$&3 5K]*"%[f\2$/*KA2$r2I# KK$# E 3 57g 2Es Y2 ]7 2%AA#C2%+ 2v 2$#!D &* #A 5 [6DMg$#,T0!)(*"+N2$+N e6BC / 7a Y2% I{ ~ o318v2$/*Kq 24 3pN/*" w5*CY+ I#C+24W2cM2!C # #C2"#6DEA6*#1 #l 6*& &3F75 w3M .1$#!(*K4#C46DF#C] * &*+[ = *@I{ {3p8 2E/*H EAi #!U[:2$ +$*j!2E* 2\"2E/*K)C86C+5#:2E/*Kr u:8 2%(*c/D 61+ 80 *T $#cv a2$/*K M*+ M C8Ga& #!)(* + /*#C*2+4/52$ +a3MM.6D K"2E [r2 +qI#C + %(* &*+2Y-)(*$#\ g6*"#7 / 72$/*Yg5&*I#C2E #, 2E\I Mv&[%i: c *E6[Mv/D4l *2_ *5& 2",%*+ 2E78q )iE(*$#18 &*5&)6*H2E!H5 d + j 61$#,d6BC]p w$ )3 57 Ar2$ 2E! p ©aK!0A>2 2w+(52+$ 3 57 )(D4+ ] MK+ j$I{ { o[ : K 2Y ) -2)(*$#1j j2 # * c!&*w+c %! .v/*M2+ 0/*EAi20#C2+ *j!$*2$/*K+. ~.
(53) K4§!46*F& &*w+ 8 #XE*2Mv&*K8' 2c 2I&)5&F¨W2$ +2i/524C 2E )E+ cH32" 2w4%\*EAi)#!U)OBF#CM !&*"Y2 AR+ c A 57 2w(53 +c .6C *2 *5& 2"% : K A* $#12K]7 4# ]K+d/ 7d e E6[Mv/D48. 2EKC8i: K 5##C4!&* +3 | *E6DMv/D4RAcF#C@ * #C2)#6D,A6*#C)\ "6[Mv/*#>5g$+ j 6C$#%r v YcI 3 7aA *$#12)C]p*8 6* i2EB2.!Hi$##C2E 2$Mc 3 "/*E&*E+5#-2$i2+4(*2 w+.$ * 5 7D. 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%. Other broadband access technologies. E L P N L A U K IR L B S D K Fr E an U ce E U FI N L IR L D. DSL. OB " #C2IU*+))v [$ p 3 * 4'6R+5#'/#C*2+4/*2$+2),- .J-6*#C &*2$)6*4# ). §CC)6*#C 4;#1$&*8 m*o o)z2$ +vm*o o3n`¨ <>=)?$ )3 3H 2A1i2$U* 0 "2+]XK+ $#'J6*#)&*§ 1GOB]
(54) ¨%!XO#C2 w8324- 2YB[ .J6*#5&*w2$r)6*4A# )C895j <>=? $ 3 K4 YB2")6*4s5#2.(*$#7r C 2$#C Mg2$#U*ER4.O#C2$"83~)m. 61G< =)?2$+2I# 2EH(5G$ 3 3 )m[4;X 46D2 #C$&* #CA#13M. ;#1$&_C ) 2EW]m*o o)z 5 F7 F(D)6*4#!K4V§1 *6D+ ^XV:8 cbgE I# H2+32*+ ;06B# 2\¨-)6)B \n.#1F7g v5j < =)?$ 3 3H 2 2LM2!C # C)6*#C0 #'/ #132+4/52$ +2""%% A2c/*]"$#!& #C%+ 24 <>=?+) M *2E!H58'2$+ 6*# $#!Mi5#Cw8D 2Es2, $ +r + 2$7 w5Mv&*%! A#C3M. 4 I#$ )3 3H A 4 C #Cw2E O#C2 d #@M[J-6 #5&*2I. w6*"#! 4T. .
(55) . . . .
(56) . O#C2 r3wE6*&3H:2 "$#CMcw+5K2E &* 5 *r+ Y#CF/)6 *E6DMi/D"0(*I#,6Bvw I4#C2$"BM2$#!U*E- 2$#C .J-6*#C5&*;§ OBF"mF¨%. 100% 90% 80% 70% New entrants' market share. 60% 50%. Incumbent's market share. 40% 30% 20% 10%. L D. P. S IR L Fr B an ce E L E U IR L D K FI N. A U K N L. E L. 0%. OB "m #32+4/52$ +Mg2$#!U*E-! 2$#C .J6*# &*85 *E6[Mv/D$"C'(*I#,6B $ $4#C2I4C. §CC)6*#C 4;#1$&*8 m*o o)z2$ +vm*o o3n`¨ vm*o o3np84 072$#'vv H i6*# $Mv&*]#CK2D22]7[CA#R 2E"C8 ]*0*2% 5*2* &*$#C2E )#,"§!w2$ i Mv&D2$#C2E/*K0* #C2$& K2D(5$#C2$*M¨-5M:&*EL . GO#C ./#C*2+4/*2 +Mg2$#!U*E. §2E/*Hc
(57) ¨C81E(**: K v& #C)(* + 5 7.<>=5?p ]E6DMi/D" &*%#C2E)#'O#C2$ w w3Mj ©2*2+ *iH2+["§z*~[m ¨832$ 2+ 12Mcwj $ 5 )7g*Mv&*E #,;X0?O#C2 §~[Hn¨C8 bgE6DB w3M §!~¨C8 ;X]K§t[o¨!8 - 0mo§z~¨C8pf\$*E§!y[{¨2I +fG6*/*j!4$# E. §y[y?¨%! K2+ #AO#18*2E\It[{ 8)A' .C ©aY! & #1(* + $#%" $#C2I#C2$AC. )#12E/*K w5Mv&*2 K)& #C)(* + ] v/#C32w+4/*2 + 8) bg*'/5]pv )F7&*$#C # M c #CM 2Mi3) 4C§y[ z ¨,. {.
(58) -2E/*Kc"V:w7i! )6*#C4"§! + <iMv/D$#m*o o)zF¨ -$ 3 3 " bv6[Mv/5$#-563/DR$#CH/5$#,E. t 8Fm[ p8 y3n OBF#CM " §!Mg2$#!U*E-! 2$#C ¨. fG2$/*K. < =)?. ©aY!. m I8 y3n. np8 o)z*{ 8 {3p~. I8]o)m*~ 8 o'Iy. bg §y3zF¨ O#C2 w " M §z*~[mF¨ C]K2+ #KO#C§IIt[{)¨ ;XL?O#C2 w §!~[Fn`¨ bc%6[B-H3M §!~[o)¨ ;.KK BAR2 3 §!t[)o ¨ I. m §z)~ ¨ f\$*E §!y[){ ¨ fG6*/!"$#!E §!y[y ¨ =*)6 #Cw 5;#Cw$&?§m*o o3n`¨\2$+ 'o 0hW`4C2%63Q §m*o o3`n ¨%"b4L 2E 6*#sF)6*#1v+5 !$#,CY * 4H7>#13M . . . 2EA6D2$*])6*#1t 8 n"m*{ 8 { { ~L 2E F6D+ )-2 [ &*$#C2E 5#RC8 E(5$. 0(*I#17gCMg2YD54% . 4;v' L"6[Mv/D$#- *bc*[%[%6 M$#R'2)- F7g2$(D2]K2$/*KL #' I +3-=*$&)$Mv/D$#m*o o)z*8. irE)#C2I& Y2%+ r+ 2T2 2E/* )©ar2$& &*YK+ #12T 0 # 5W2 / #132+4/52 + %6 M$#,- . 2) 46D2$#A$#B 9m*o o)zv L 0 )6*#CL . $ + -=3I&)Mv/5$#m*o o)z . Ys+ 2E2Y #. . . 2I#C$ m*o o3n*);X]Kw8[2$g2$!YKY2%5 $Kw3M A2$ K2.M$#*+i c-YC"2Y. O#C2 }2$#C$ :m*o o3n*. B2$& &*2$#RA#C3MN 4CKMc"C' 2EDOB8): A-2%3 5#! 3 [- [ Yw2+5 v$ 5H5 7*8 + M *2E4 2w(* g2EA #C2,+L 2$#*4-! 2$#C 6*/C$#CF/*$#R%. / #132+4/52 +!"$#! %:2$ +@ $ Mv&)6 $#v +46'!#7)(*$#12 8\2 2$#*H42w+ & #C w2 + &*+ / 7 #CM )(*$#i2$@ *E6[Mv/D4 )6* + 2$(52EY#12Tw+ E E6 5Mi$#,2I +/*" 6[!KK" rMF(52Ec2v/)6*7*$#\ E6*#G c[l5I ] #G c2+ + 52 /5!R. §kL#Cw$3 8.I{ { ~ 'm[np~)¨% \6) 6*#:2418 2+p5&" 5Mg 2 ACM X/ 7+ j 6CI#E:M.6/D #! )*F7> 2$#C2%$#CYC+/ 7> *$# 2) A0CA6D2E!H5g -&)6 " c*F(Dv 2EM[ %=- I4$#Cw+ LMi2$#!U*E& K2Gi! i$ *2$&*$#- !$#RC8*24 C ): s2E/*K0m) A'2E/*KL AC-M*4 F7& #CK) $#C+/ 7 c ]* M2 / #C*2+4/*2+T= -T:©} 2Es24W& [,CF/*K E5H6D+ w+ !$#R *F6CF(DN 2)R u. $ 2$ *A I#C2)CN 5M *$7 /*EAiF#CM % " Io.
(59) [2 K+ 80$ p 3 * )r Mv&*EM2 3 7a q /*24CAr & #!K4r $#Cw+e2I +q q&*+. . 2%(*2YK2$/*KiI5*6DMg$#,%2© ]K !&D+3#C2$)*cA#13M z m*o /*8'R=-5$#2%\M[ )#1 K$(*AC8-24v1]r 2E/* p9;0& #C41$48-2$&*2$#A\A#C)M-K$m2$ + bg3[&)#)(* + $#,X !$#0 . . 2%(*$#C2I*+ : *2+c!&D+2 +2]D3$#-2EBK240It /p A- 24BA)/)(* )6-YM&3 K"2E [% OBF#%!F78.w5[6[Mg$#,r+e>I q F#rE6*##C4g& #!)(* +*$#c_#Cw2$ a 3 $#r+ : *2+ &*+3T=* + H78 M2$7 )E(5$#} I5*6DMcI#%OB)# E52M&*K8 <>=)? w5*6DMcI#,-M.6'B#C$& 2wG F#-M3+ M .
(60) -2E/*K0m*=6*& & K$#'2$#]C. . zf_
(61) _
(62) m h
(63) c`hMm`ee tk) F]
(64)
(65) . l,_D_ n5uajh\m. /qf~ ; uajv\_ ]#_Du_
(66) v\e*{ #] a}rv
(67) hMja ]1_u_. . &_)_(i,_
(68) e`e`r
(69) . & dq`kF ncMiI_l5cf_7i. F "! . #2 $ %. $ . % ( * ` ,* `. 'F
(70) . & "! $. $ $)F . $. F
(71) ! F
(72) !. %F
(73) F
(74) . &
(75) . $ $. &. & % $. $%F
(76) $%F
(77) . % $. $ $ ') $. ! $ % $ -\ $. F
(78) . %F
(79) F
(80) F
(81) . F
(82) %F
(83) )%F
(84) . + F
(85) F
(86) %F
(87) . & %F
(88) %F
(89) . *&.. `q`kFr7vDl,adz/i5aje*cz _lIauem . `&.. #h
(90) c`vM_
(91) jjhDiaue*c~I_
(92) _
(93) `ajc0/\n5jayh\m21xl,_
(94) _"v
(95) ^`h\l5f_
(96) r3/-%54/- × i^_c*q){;kF_Dle/~:{+e*cMi5^fr#ajce*lIm`_li5e. v
(97) h
(98) c`v\_
(99) /i^)_"vMec$ilIhMviED]^f_6e`e`r#v
(100) h
(101) c`vM_
(102) yhi5aue*c~I_
(103) _vMe*lIl,_r(zfe*cfm`r3i5ev
(104) h
(105) kf_"m`aur7v\e*c`cf_
(106) vi5ae*c ,*&.. & e`r5i3e*~Fi^f_7?e`m`_{|\n5{{+_
(107) m`ajhDi,_&zqflIv^`h/rE_"a}c i^)_"v
(108) h/rE_"e*~3" eri3e/~3h8&f{+ec$i^ lI_EcMi5hM)~5e*le
(109) i5^f_l~5ajl,{r$`*ixh
(110) li5adc*~,_
(111) _ a}c i^)_"v
(112) h/rE_"e*~9Le`e`r
(113) `&. `q`{ e*~:h$cfm,*
(114) : F] ur5(0.k+e*~5~I_lv
(115) e`r5iIr3/;F
(116) ~5e/l2i^`_"~5ajl(r5iFi^l,_
(117) _{+e*cMi5^ rE*lIaur7adc`cf_E/iFi5e/- $F puajvM_"h$cfmnIjajh/m21x2lI_
(118) _e`~5~I_l~5lI_
(119) _ q`cfua}{+a i,_
(120) mhMv
(121) vM_
(122) rr3i5e z`^fecf_ rE_DlgfajvM_
(123) r
(124) <;v
(125) vM_
(126) rr3i5e]>= v^`h\c/c)_
(127) }r aur#eMz*i5aue*c`hM)ajcpi^f_v
(128) h/rE_r#e*~3]&*FlI_
(129) _
(130) 2\qf~I2e*e`r#h
(131) c`m? dq`k n5cMi,_Dl,cf_7i\nui3e*~ui5_c lI_(@\qfajl7_
(132) r#hpm*ay~5~,_Dl7_cMi3{+em`_{Ah$cfm;a}c`gfe`jg)_r#h$c_E/i5l,hp~5_
(133) _1i^q r#_)vMdqfm`_
(134) mai3~5lIe{Ae\qflm*hDihf fe\qflIv
(135) _.zfl,ajvM_m/hi5h;_lI_Ri5h(A)_cV~5l,e*{ ^$iizB. 1C1pp+ mrEjg`hMju_s vMe{ h$cfmblI_Ec`v
(136) ^bc`hDi5ae*c`hM2zflI_
(137) rrRm\qfl,adcf i^f_&zF_lIaue`mEDp_
(138) v\_{k _l>$!24th
(139) sF$%F]^f_EshMlI_h
(140) g`hMajjh\kfu_ q`zfe*clI_(@\qF_r5i3~5l,e*{9i^f_h
(141) q/i^`e*l(r$. %m.
(142) . f\ A §$
(143) ¨T x§!y)¨%B6p ]* vE*Av -26*/C#CF&) c&*I# H3+ # 41)O' # M l2A1>(52$# 7 i _#C4&*E+ $M2 + 2@42YK2E 5a"8.C Hw(D:2 +a5v #C42X5#>5j! ! &)6*#1$ 24R[L5 M*+ M>©a ) 2EvF#CM 63/DA6 26 /DC$#C &) 5@&*I# H3+@5# w2$*YK2E !w4C8) F7g$*$&) ./* Xbc*['X K *F6D+ 4/*) [. - 6D+ e A_RE 8c d Mv&*E w$ 3H5* )@& #C+ KE+ / 7 #C$)6DY2%! * 2%6 #!K4g] 2E:Ycq #12T 8l: &*$E#C2EH5 .E 4#12$4CTG$ p 3 * ) /5] (DI#17 ) f\5M:&*E!! /5EAi. F#CM C8_/* ). 2 ) I#2E # 2$(56*#Cw+ /37. w5Mv&*%! 2E6 5#!! "C8r$ +*+ 6*&6* + $# d+))Mc *2E E6[Mv/D48cO#C2I " - *M 0/ #C*2+4/*2I +c *+46#!7gY 46s$ 2$#C2EI#!AR+i/ 7 C * Y!K2" $#! 2& 3M 2"8 2"-2$*2F7[R+]X 3 i] 1E 5D. . ZF¥W/WR£&¦ ¢ ` Y
(144) X¦Z. g)6[ + 5H6D+ v 2E- g2E614 \ $# 2c 2 ]+46'#7 Y U*i/#C32w+4/*2 +"%C4 2YY7 w5MA#C3M c6*& &3 7C +*)D *E6DMi/D"8O#C2I " w3M K r 2"5&*$#12E+ ]c 1E)# 5# + w2+ 4}2$+ w),C2I# K]7 %C 7[}2 Y#,jM)(*$#}2+4(*2"2$*8+p5M *2E4 *+46#17Di)E(5$#C8[ X)6* +c2AC 6*& &*1W 2E#1E)6D 2E cMg2$7 2$(5L& #C*+46D+g2EH2)-2 w6*"$#Cj /52H2] r!wE/ 7! Mv6[K2E )c v$4#!7> ]* j&*$#C5#CM *ET= -- 12Mc$ )3 57>2E-Hi$# !"$#!E\6 /DC$#CF&) )C8[ # %$"#C2$"C: c#C2w+5 w2K]7rw w$ )3 3 )T3;X)76D r)6*4I#Cj /*2K2 !wE &p#C)(*+ >/5i#12E $#\ !wE!F(5 *+ +[ YgRE 58 Y6*# $#.6*+ $#CY * 2wE0 2E *$#H22 1 24 # ) + M2 + j CK+* + %$#!M *2"CC8.: d HRE(*K+ 4r |2eC%5#c: $#1_ + j 61$#,w2| ]K% 2$ i *5#CM2%! r )RR2$#!7cI5M:&*2$#Cv& #C "4C8C$#!(*K4W2$ +RKE ./D4 & #1( +3I#li c * Mi-K4K4$ 3 57D4OB *2Y 7 8 X2$#!)6D0 2EBA $#C.As2.Y Uc/5EAw$v 5 7>2 +. Iy.
(145) + M2+ *$# 2)3; K$(**G /*EAi$r& #(* +*$#,Mg2$7rYM&3 7 + 3M *2 " s2w$#2 c$ * 5 7D3; 3Mv&*%!)#- 2El$4I#, r2r2I# 2EH(5.$ * 5 7 U* )g 2E-sMg2w7rs2,Y#12TB ]E6DMi/D"R E65Mi$#,24CK]7 2 4CE65Mi$#, i6* +r 2$(D e "2$#N ) 61 2$# 2EF(*$ 57D=)6D$ NH2$#C N#C$& #14C$"C 2 U +3 )R9 2wE89 Mi2115#C7 0 $ $"#C2$"C. / #C*2+4/*2+ !"$#! %§CCH)6) F* 4I¨-I4$#Cw+:6 )v E6DMv/D"R B$ * 5 7D.
(146) . . .
(147) " . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(148)
(149) . . . .
(150) . . .
(151)
(152)
(153) . . . . .
(154)
(155) . . . .
(156) . . .
(157) . $#H2q _ _6*& & F7 CY+ M2$7e/5 #146D>5(*2$#C )6 $KMc"C% $#12EA6*#C@ w$ )3 57 2+ &) & #1(* + )2 1$#CY"@3M&*Y#C 2 #C"6DCC8 F6D+5
(158) K2+*$#,2 + K2$ *2I#C+3CP A,6DT! M246D!2%A6*#! ) *+46#!78 V:YI& &*$# §m*o o)mF¨I5M:&[2$#14d(D$# 7 w5Mv&*%!F(*2$+ 3 F* &* ]A!KMi2$#!U*EC- 6* *4BA 2%\ Mv&*E! &* 2$7[2c#C ) # Y 2w+ 5&" 5 [jA#C+46D )$ p 3 7[B!EA #!U +46B#!H18 <:#C2$ )(*r2 +k.2 + 2". §m*o o y)¨C82$ +}k.2$+ 2Y80V: + 2+qh)/ §m*o o o)¨ 2YRa+)*E6*M"v 2E$ Mv&*E #, 2I#C 4 2i2$7[ *1+. . 2+) &446D2$ 7*j! 2 . I 3 * ) 2$+. 2$ + 2$#1+3%d!. . 2$#!#C)X/*2 +c +46B#7 8*;06*[$#12E6r2+ck#C$[ o§m*o o'I83m*o o)zF¨-2I#!)6DG 2EB%=-I#C5YI #16DE2$4Dc2w+) &4npt4V|M3+ Mc 24-M5#15[ F#- *2*3Mv&*%!)#R 2++ .19
(159) F#%sM(5$#EPg+ 41$#CH/5+ r]+46'#! 2B+7*2McK);§ VvK$& &*I#C8GI{ { ~3xD;*2$#i2B2*+ kX # 8lI{ { t3xDk#C$. . 8lI{ {3n`¨l2$ % &*Y2 r )8]>2 ]*+46#!7i $#C v+ $(* &*Mc". B2LENw$ 3H5 7A/*2)C+ v& #C$(* )6-])(D"M4C- *A#C2)#6D%Y6*#C2$+2KYK4C8) * *E6DMv/D4\M2$7 rM9\2"C4T[ #,lM(5#GA2$/*K. $%157 3MK43\Cw2 . %z.
(160) 2I + R &*8'M2$7/5 !A#C3M $* ! p Mg2$#U*E+))Mg *2E!H5 r#CK2E+M2$#!U*%C§FD+2*+ Mi5/*YKcC$#!(*K)7¨189 2"\ #C2E$#\ *2Y22" YK2*+c/*EA%# / #C2I + #C 5D[ A\U3 *+ -2$#!)6DM4sYl2A1 3CA$4 v $#12EA6*#Cv) EA #!U>E)$# 2 !K)p§AJ\ MK+ 4C8 I{ { t3x-V2%2I +a=5 2$&*F#C*8I{3pt)¨%- # M 2E: 2"c )(*)+ 4%14 202YY!K4g2*+ *E6*& H:2r+ 3M *2"&*[! #1K2Ew+M2$#!U*ECC§ $#C8 #. [2$ w8lFD+@2 +M)/*Y I $&* )7F¨_M2$7iKMg2]"2] C_K2w+5 &*[! 3 2$ +6*#!(*F(D YI#C 5M:&*E!! * [!F*2%+./ 7*E I4#C2$"C"§ W$#! YM 2 +b©a [ 8I{3 n`¨, i)E(5$#C8\vKg2A1_ F(*2$/*K. 2E: E $4#C2I4!18\5!I# p_ w2$&*$#& #C*+46DTC #!CI#(*K). 2$c E6DMv/D"\+p4+cv c cC2M.$ 3 578' #s5$#C * $#46D2 71$#!(*K) i g2L#C2w+5 w2K]7g*EdI ) * 5 78[M2$7c*2 cKM&*5# 2$4 Mg2$#!U*Es! 2I#C) $#1LM2$7g/*0 46s2
(161) E. "#C2$" IEP 2E>I6* +a)6*4I#/*2 2 "
(162) #,gM(DI#r"EP"80 q Aci27. KYMg! p_ *$# 2&* 3Mi280 #. 3 ) q#124C 3T'bgE $"#C2$"Cg2$#!#!F(* qw w$ )3 3 )0 2E\ %6[Mv/D4C0i$#Cc4\ + + %(* &*82$+ F#vCMg2Y C pc!2$(*)6*#, #12EF(*7__Mg2$#!U*Eg & & #AA6* K4?§VvK$& &*I#C8 I{ { ~3xWkX$#C[!U* 8 I{ {)zF¨T0 YrK+ 42@K2$#C 7 MiF(*2E+ M&*YMg42EH5 3 #CI)6[ 2%! r&*3 Y 4 / #132+4/52 + 82 +M #Cii + ]7K $ " M c +46#!7§ ?s234i2$+qF#C 8\m*o o o)¨,BbcE $"#C2$4Cvi%#C+ $M+@)6)j &*I#!5#CM ]E6DMi/D"Co§ O#C2$*CMg28Gm*o o)mF¨%- 4K 3g 0 Mc _ :$4#7 2 + 5 5#AX I4#C2$"\w2$ & #C)(* + cC3Mc63/2$ . > i# 3E 4#12$4CE [E(*r2H2EM)(*I#0M27 I 2YK)D c %6[Mv/D48-2$ 6* (*I#17 Y$]2 CM2KMg2$#!U*%0 H *t§AVvK$& &*$#18LI{ { ~3x V:K$& &*$#-2 + =*]Mi33185m*o o3n`¨% @K4%C 3g/*@+)#12EvaA#C*M @]"#C*+46DT 5#CI)6[ 2%! _&*3 KKr q O#1 /#C*2+4/*2 + +46'#7& #C)(*+46[ 2r 4A#124 8G! "c E "#C2$4C:+ + W I + )6)j&*E#! #CM. N %6[Mv/D48r2$ +d N E6DMv/D4A_ YrK2$#!*]7 + 3M *249§!24AqC. n.
(163) w$ )3 57f¨%* 46
(164) #,-M(5$#\!%P$ 2I# 7r*E6*#!#1+c2$+c& #CE(52 K+ )(*$#
(165) w I4#C2$" $EP. u:2$#C )6X$KMg"CX2$2)6*4\ #G c& #CE(52Hr5 c $#K2c& *M v K i )/[1$#(5 c .O#C / #132+4/52 + +46B#7[*!M2E)#,l5 E6DMv/D"$ 3 578 6D 2";XL?s80f\$*EI 80f\63/ 4$#!E8bc%6*v- 3M 2$+q- m*8G& #( +* I 2$&D$# CI#(*K). §CC2E/*KmF¨6C )q 12Mg$ )3 578G/p6 g2$& &*2$#>24 M #c&* 2$7*$#R% !@ Y>2)C8 KMc2%! Mg2$7 4 /* eU*$7 6D4R@ 2 CA6D2E $#C_ N *E6DMi/D" 2 "2E/* AC *+. / #12+. #C [N<"!&*. C 61$#CjA#CK + ]7. 2$#C2wE$#CY )C8 ©a !. 6*+ $#C+ $(* &*+[\! K24+ #KO#C@Ac 5 F7}& #C)(*Y+ I#r5v Y U* +a iw$ )3 578X2$ +N Y *E6*& H2q#CK2EH(5]7CMg2Y&* # H5|3c _Mg2$#!U*ERsbcE. $"#C2$4Cr 462$& &*2$# |/5. #16DE2$4 _+ E(5H5& E 2+(52*+$ * 5* 4G§©a !K8 /)6 i2A1eC2EI]K2 +OB C ¨C8 : K cA-#CY2%!F(* 76*#& # KC] >2.Mg2$#!U*EBv K cA B7E-M2EA6*#Cp f\2E/*Ki2$#+g46* $U[Y7 /p6 rA2I 2E )N*+ 2E7D!d2"E80 _ E6DMv/D" 5&*%#C2, # 2" 2$#!*eC 2$#C * +5 p9K w5Mv&*%! #,:b 18Gbgfbi6*M`I# H42$/*K8X2$ +q^ f O#128X: )+ F#CEF7a # + #CE]7 z*o. 2$&*2*_2$/*K5&*I#C2E)#R% Y#CE(52 _ *2%@ Ya&[2I# E6DK2$#_7p&*3. w5Mv&*%! + # H5 +46D"+ (*I#17 *"!F(*)0 + E(* & 2E/*KI ) * 5 7K O#C2 8D2.+ A # v 2E +)*4- )-E*K- cM[BJ6*# &*2$g)6*4#! ) $#CX+ j 6CI#,-#C4Y7 Mi5#CGi + ]7g 2$/*K§ VX#C2Y85m*o o t4/ ¨% + $#C" 16*#14|5]$# 2w8 i$(*$#C8 2$#C#C$ 2%+ #C$)6* 2E & #C*4R 6*+ $#2$U*I_C]*wI{ {3*-! 246DMv/D$#g5:)6*4#! "R8G F6D+5 @O#C2 w8G#CI)6[ 2%5#,g2,0 /5$*] * a . / #C*2+4/*2+_$#C2 &*+ 2E
(166) A#R24#6DTA6*#12$FP@ #
(167) Y6DYX24 Y!K)Cj /D2"C+ P w5Mv&*%! i)6* +_Mg$#!*2+e!&*"+ /#C*2+4/*2 +a+ A6C 3D ! 2E&*$#R!&*EF(58LA#13M I{ {3 6*4 vm*o o)m*8LO#C2$ " 4,14 2Y]7| w6*#C2I*+q Mi$#!* E. It. I 5*K).
(168) + %(* &*+. / 7. Eg Mg$#, v K. i$#C. + Mg+. . )(*$#Cw5M. . %6[Mv/D*7. 2w+4(*242$*"% X24%' 2%' "C.w $ 5H5*K4)6* +c#C46DF#CvYM&* # 2I46*& A#C 4sIC i24 )&*I#C$F(*w+ /*) / 7d e#CI)6* 2E #,2$ +N/ 7d a E3M$#R MgCF(D242 KYMg2E 8C]*wM2),CF(DY6[+5 6D +c/*)/)2 *+ A#13M c 3$U Mg2$#U*E\2,' 2E' Mg) O95#-M[ 5 X Mv&*2 Y) 2%-$"$#C+p8 W66D2B#C2,$)7vg+ E(* & # )vEA #!U i240 )/)2$ 2 Yw*R A#15M c#C$)6*K2E)# &*E#C2%c2, c *2- #0#C$ H52-K$(DH85# [2$*q NH2$#!*6*#/*24#C"C80 2E>I6* +_/Dq%)$+ +NK2E$#c2 2EH52:YK") i)E(5$#C8[ 6p$ M . A! #,s&*$#C *+ 5-#C$)6DA2EH5 &*3 K$7 2El)#!#14!&* + +cc . MI#!* *0 /#C32w+4/*2 +@$#12AX 2EX A#R24#6DEA6*#C2$\w3Mv&*E & #C)(*w+ /* (5$# 7 KYMg+@2E\ $ +@ G + 2$7[- Y]#RI& #CI)6[ 2%5#%AcA#C2,$)7+ + 4#Cw2 7 & #1(* + v gE &*%+ #146DC%3OF#%83 g+ $M2 + #G/ #*2+4/*2 + +5 +r )-#C2 H7r2$U* \2% K Mcp^v"! G +}5vm*o o)m*8+ M2+ #/#C*2+4/*2$+e Y#CMc2 *+N2I 24g2I + &*$#C2, #,r 2E$4I#C+eA: )# )#Cw7"2$#,Y2%$#)6* + + E(* & 2+ 46D2E$F7d K# /p6C *R0#C2TI)7[D=3w5+ 85 ]*2K2$#12C v 2E 3%6*#!#C+Fv X2$#C]7m*o o og46D) *+ G(*K2w/*K 73[ 0 %*M$#,' 2EB#C$ K+5g*$UvMg2$#!U*EC )#'/*2$pUc *23'v]*24G F# *A#C2)#6D,A6*#Cc& #E1E8'6*& c&*5 " /*2)U #6*&)w7 #XE*A#15M O#C #KJ6*#15&*2I Mg2$#U*E # M2)7>39 M )Cv L/5$3 * 9 / #C*2+4/*2+c$#C2w85 46185
(169) #,-M(5$#CP !wEX2$ #C"2+7 + 3M]*2%+)(*$#0
(170) $ $4#12$4P E8 2r5"E)v $#C #C$)6D 2E KM&*1+5 F7Xg2$Ug+ F#CEF(*0#Cw46[F#1Mg4C 5 E6DMv/D"R. ]7} a2 1 +e$&*8\(5$#v &*$#! *+qm*o o)m*jY*+)2$7_ @O#C2 "80#1$)6* 2E #,.A6*# +_2 #! )*I#v5#CM X]*A#C2)#6DTA6*#C2I\3Mv&*%! 8 U ):@2).
(171) [w2\ * &6*)/)6D + Y 5# ??^:P ??^. A2#1$)6[K2E)#7d& #C*4R / 7d K d e E6[Mv/D4E5 *2p*e *2I#C. & )7DCK42 ]7 +5AR %+ A#C M. d *E6DMi/D"R %A #!U 2$ + )E+ N E. I4#C2$"R W EAi5#U[ L2 )g0 cE4#12$489/p7 [2 Y CL:46DF&*Mc"0 . I~.
(172) *E6DMv/D4RA 3w2g$* *2)*w8: |61 _]E6DMi/$"R *2cH3 &Nd&)#(*H+ |1$#(*K") + F#CwE!F7v I 36DMg$#,T);dMg2115#/5 -3??^ A 2E- 2YY2E4s2.+ I #CX52YK!K41j /52)C+w5Mv&DE C *c\3F(5W2E 4#C2$"2$r M&* #2$"\+ I #C5l5"#! )(*I#l H32:2)R EAi5#!UD : )iE(*$#18G @I6*"$#!&*2$#AvAc 2Ev %6[Mv/D4RAr]""F(D )(D) i6*& #12+5 . *2 *5&g 24-/*g+5KMc *! *w+c24s2#C46D 3 ) & # H.2"w4% KcEA)#U /5 pq*F(* I5Mv&*%! #,X/ 7@#C$)6D 2E [s U*$7 A,6D Av 46v + 3 3-2X#C$)6DY2%+ 2", & #CKLi Y A6D!KK4F7 * H(5L v *E6DMv/D"s2 #124C 2$/*K#C2E X#CTA6*#@ qCg )(*4!Mi"v * 3w2 *5&*8: ]K2E 12M ! Mg /5] 6[!YK4F7 )N F(5LE 4#12$4C-2.6[!KK" w"!F(5Gc$p*2$*L )(D2EF(D w5Mv&*%! E6DMv/D4RO#C2$8l??^ i24gM2E$#!K2 )w+/ 7@ p#C+5 !I#C4 &4H5* cm*o o)mB &) 5W5##C4!&* + )
(173) 6*)/p6[+5K+c *2 *5& Pv $#CX2Y3 .2w)% 2I +@3 KE @30<>=)?Ag &*$#C2,+ / 7 w3Mv&*E #C LOB xsL&) @y 8\ #!#C4&*5+) )
(174) C 2$#Cw+2w),P0 $#1WOBK' ),14 23& #C)(*K+ $#- LH32* *5&v: YKG 2w),-2*+ w5 KE c 9<>=)?#C2I!K.As &*$#C2,+i/ 7gw3Mv&*E)#C 9O9lx*2+c&)! np8[I5#!#14!&5+5
(175) v 3K4C2K$P I#CWO9#CM2][ L& #(*H+ $# 2"w4,s2 +g5 K"E g5< =)?#12$K.2% N *2 * & 2I + 2E 2rY$(DA%g Mi2 )/ICEF(*ei24 M& #1(5d5&*$#12T w5+5 3\ #6*4/p6[+5K r2$ + 1$#(*K"v46D2]7>]>+3I[C]7g&* &)6[ 2%+ 2$#C2"\2$+ $ )6*#C2$* 2w4%M #C2E @A#C5M L&) qn2$+@L&) @y @L&)H5" ; $#:/IC"EF(D i24X % &*2 +v *5p#C2$& K2D(5$#C2$*X 9<>=?s8) C$#(*G #C2,4'"6[Mv/5$#-56C$#R c 2I#!* :3 24 i]:24 ]K4, + 31 7&*5&)6*K2E+2$#C2%W 4CqMi4H(52E 5[ N2$& & F7a??^ ]&*w+> $#12Tv2E(56*#12E/*Kw5+5 [\5#- $Mg#!*$ w s2iMi5#C+)F(*I#,CY!K+r $#C 2I +c2X+ *. & #CK418[ 2+ 2. 2I#!*$#-46DMi/DI# E65Mi$#,v6C 0#*2+4/*2$+!"$#!ER c vM24 Mg89 iE(*I#C89l2$ACr*2E(*v #C2,$# 4I4H(5)\5#\ % Mg$#, A $U 6*& &3F7}3:Mc2+ 2E+_C$#(*K"4& #C)(*K+ + / 7@ [%6[Mv/*"R!_6[MMg2$#!7*8 ??^ [$#Cw+ "#C2j&* 2E5#M*Mv&[%!H58[2 +c+ +c 2w(56*#s)M&*E 5g2M3pI 3 K4C8C]*w.. .
(176) A6*# +_)6): #c % "#C2$4C 2%vi24 "% [F7 _2$& & F7 < = ? @a+) A6'12" 2I#! 2EF(*0$ p 3 7[p;09 KG2$*X5 2Lp#C2E%#Mg2EA6*#A7g 9 0/ #132+4/52 +cI#C28) 46C8)
(177) !F#% M(5$#!P:E #C$ 5#1+cCs+ M *2E g(5$#'
(178) % "#C2$"Pv$E83 g2.w5"E) : I#CL#1$)6[H2E!H5 ) M&*1+ #! )>+)F#CEF(*#C46DF#CMg4C- . X]E6DMi/D"84 *T $# i 2]$#C2)C )vI 3 * 2[ *$Uc ..<>=)?A#15MN 5M:&*E!5#,T9 +3p. )6* 4C:E &*K22E 5[l2$>2)6*4- # v+ )Mc *2 wv5' v 2$#!*8 E6DMv/D"- # Mg8 ir2$#!)6D 2% $#1 2$#1 2$ACqA#! ) $# 2 2wE5#R r+ M2 +@CY+ c 2%0 2E(Dc/5 % &* 5#1+[. . . . . . . . . . . . "
(179) .
(180) . . )6* / #C*2+4/*2+ %=-d4I#C+ M2$#!U*E&*K2 / 7 3$#C]p 2!"$#! %2"% w$ )3 57. F# I *]p. §!M*+ M8 )*% 5 46DF&*Mg"I¨C8N $ 36[Mg$#%. A6D + 2Mg"2c)/IC%!F(*q: *C "E ) 2_& #C( +*#Y 2w4R _!4I#! E I 2$&*F7*8 #1$*2$#C+ 4% L$ 3 57g 2Es2w Mv&*2 Y) A $#T[ $#C #C./ 7r )\:$ 2I 6*)U* )2F/*W$ 42I&*$#X$4#12$48'WI6*H+/* 12Y+ 2E 36[MI#,0(**6["2$#C ]7 3[C e:$ @}2$ 4 $#v$ 57D ;Xw5#C+ )*]78G 3 }[ : c$ q/#C2 +[ i)6* +v )B5 F7v/522E6R B5*6DMg$# $# 2G/)6 2AC5[I ) * 5* "23 *$#Y2p. ^: Y U*M- v]$#C2EA6*#Cw85 24R6DMv&)!H5c 2E-$+ j 6CI#E1$U Mv&*2EF/*YK7 /5EAi w$ )3 3 )aCwM }F#!#CK$(*24 $#Cp ;.KM 2$ j! * 1$#(*K)}2E(*2KY2$/*K 5 4$#!Es+)c4(*2$#7 2w #C+5 pc 0$ p 3H5 76'1+/ 7c/#C32w+4/*2 + [6DMg$#,T3 46\ A )sE &*wE+ 2%' .61$#%A (*2F6DA#C3M6C ) 2$#2I]cw$ 57r *$#Cw24C) c "6[Mv/D$# 2w+ 5&"E#,l5' 2E$ p 3H5 7D 6)s2$4 $# i2E783$ * 5* 4 i$#CvE6 #C2$[(*ACj. I{.
(181) j (*A\ "$#!E01$#(*K42$(D2 K2w/*KvE6 M$#,2+ $7ci$#C )61+c/ 7 & #C)(*K+ $#,24W2 Mg2[ 1$*M4]pI + j 61$#, d#14!&*% d!4%#! %r& #C2, "4%: $#C5#18vF#CMr Mg2 3 72+)(*$#!Y1+ #X5$#,X & #CK 2 + &*+'kF(D )+ $ #Cw 5 3"2- 3 & 6*)/p6[+5K ]v L7*2I# 3CK+ $#1+.§! F7m*~3np8 t o o !6 /DR$#CF&)!H5* cm*o o)zF¨C8) $7g2w+(5$#YC"+ K),W $)#12 CI#(*K4§!)2",\ u $ 2$ *AR896* ]KMcw+2)RG& C$#(*Yw(¨ 2I +#C2$#CF75&*I# #!Mg2 w82El 2) cF#%\7"2$#,W5 cMc2I#!U*ER2©c ) + 2E2 &*I#!5#CM24 2I#Cc 4W2E(52 K2$/*K6L2T\#1$ 2K$(*' "6'XAX]M&*[,CF/DY #C$ 2E I 3 wc \2c # M #K$ * 5 7 / 75*6DMg$#,\ r#C4!&*wE > KG(D2$#C 2$/*K)0/ (* )6'CF7*89 #1 K2$/*Y 72+ g2E(*2YK2$/*YK7 3 g+) !!I#C4\EYi5#UI5p "E $ * 5* )W+ $&*$*+ 36[Mi$#KF(*] g *2E 5D^: Y U*G<>=5?s8*2E/*KGg24 )2%(*2 Y2$/*K]gM[B *2E 5*C8*2$*+ #vC MI 3 * )v6D 24< =)?&*$#C5#Mc2 + $ #C2+ "0 c2$# $#G 6C$#XYXA#C[M $"#C2 )3Yw)©a !sE6 M$#R. 2$(* E K4%:C3M/5*W]r 2E w$ )3 57>2 5g\2vM #C.Y$*F/*KL6 ]KAC2E /)6 i )6 -2$E]pc .#12$)*v CI#(*K). . 2%(*2YK2$/*K}N "CaE6 M$#R% v 4618c+ 4&3q e&)6 /*YK2%! 2a 46**a2M6D4 *5#CM2%! w$#C ] v +5 !$#1"B EAi5#U$ )*wE .$ 3 3 "-2$(*2YK2$/*K83 Y- ) w$#2$ 2EW2$ [6DMg$#,U ) #12$)U "C$ p 3H5* )X #0 2$(5 2 4I#C4K + )196*MMg2$#C "89ic2"%6DMcv 2E8'& # 5# 6C8M[ <>=)?2$+Q©aY-5*6DMg$#% 2I#C +5 !$#C42E/56 d$ 3 d3I 3 7 2+) &4 8]*we $7 2$#CN*$#C2YY7 *2I&*2w/*Ka #C2)U*] N M. 2w #C+5 pNe e1$#(*K_46D2Y7 )C w$ 3H5* 4 A. & #1(* + pf\ 36[MI#,.i6*H+ /DMi5#C #C4&*5*CF(* r#C2$)*r v!&*+3i2$(*2YK2$/*KA#13M F# & #C)(* + $#C83: K >)6* + Y"2$#CF7 /*:2> Mc"s5'(5$# 2B+5 !$#C4 2E 83 )6* v A )7&* 4CA- )[4A+v . 0& #C"C$"'&*2I&*$#%. 2vM*+ * + $#124C r2$(*$#C2I*v[C\2I + 26*!KK4H7rK2$#* r[ 8 I [. §II{3p{)¨&)#)(* + )@2_ #C, 2 )6* + 2%! # )A@)/[1$#!(*2E [ =)I ] C@2I + m*o.
(182) + w$#C24C 2$(*I#C2$*[C 5*, $#:*$ $#12E2$@ D+5F#1EX %A)#!U %)$#!2]7 2E #12E$#. "6[Mv/*I# $ 36[Mg$#R: q/)6*7}2 F#CMrg& #C3+46D,8 M #C U*]7}gY 6*#(*F(Dq2+ M5#1q2EKA#C2wTF(Dq>A N4 $#,6 5Mi$#%C8.#CI*2$#C+) ), 3v E I# & #13+46D,&*$#5#!M /5EA$#R A\ # Mrs& #C Li6D + Yw(*2w/* 7 /*v ) i24+vC$#(5 2 E6B M$#R%* "6C82$)7> 36[Mg$#\w6* + % &*Es20H & #C )6[ +c *:)#G 1K%' 2% F#CMc8 & #C)(* + + 2E:2 0) I#$ 36[Mg$#RcRKE0 2EXF#CM [- Y. #CE 2\#C46[v #1Hw(5246# #C"C2$#1$ 24 5+5! _ 2E> 36[Mg$#R%v& #C$#C4"$* F/Dr+ F#C% EAi5#!UE)I#! 2 Y)V§ V:2E2$+_= 2$&* #C38vI{3pt)¨XAv )4%12$#!7@ # W$ [IAv#C46[ 3 +[ =*$ Mc2%! w2K]758 c6 Y732w E6B M$#: 0C4$# E:6*& &*]K$# 6 C w$ 3H5 7a. §5#gE52M&*K f\2$/*K\¨C8+ 344X w+ qF*$#Cw24C+5F#1EH7 2q I#C2)C] 42$ "6[Mv/D$#W5l5*6DMg$#,W2+ 5&" ) I 5 7 " W$ [§$I{3p{)¨\M*+ 6* *"C\ 2Es A-Y U*]7:i $#C2)CGi! i2 I#C2)C i 046DMv/D$# B 36DMg$#, 63/1$#CF/*] v "!L 2%6 #% : #C+3"§&"z*y ~)¨I
(183) XM5#1.I5*6DMg$#,v /)6*7g2& #C3+46D, M #CL U*]7>-A 6*#(*H(52+> M #C2EKA#C2%H(5lY 4 $#)36[Mg$#%T P-A\5*E Y"%0 M&*5#2$4 2E2$ s 36DMg$#,X 2$(5 6D!KK4H7Y2I#!* K)[C\ #6* 6 - c&RCF/*YY73 6 /C$#CF/D] v 2I 4 I#& #!)(* + $#- 2LK2EI#&*$#! *+[. *$# 2 + Mi2+eC +* Y" & #C41$ " cCF* Y!K24$ 36[Mg$#rI ]* wC!8\M2$7r/*.(D2F6D2w/*K5# A\&*2$&*I#l M2)6*#C. M [ W$ 0Mi3+ 'A )%(D$# (*I#17 6[2w/*K #NMw26*#C]p i ] 3CT A$ 42I]*d2 H2$#!* "6[Mv/D$#|3 &*2I#C2ME$#, ]#CM I[C2I +r5*6DM$#%%YKY 3 ), &*2E7D W$7 * +c 18' 36[Mg$#R F7g+ Y!$# #C"!&*"E. F#(*2F6D2E c 9 L& #*+46DT
(184) #C$#(*H40 $7&)6*#1$ 2)Cp $7g2$#R l2,Y2$ ++ $#C4F7 c g+) !!I#C4 /#C2$ +3T[;.+ *2Y 7 89 $#C) F7 6*#(*F(D]*. m.
(185) F#CM. 2Erw46*]KF/*# F6DM qMi3+ . "6+ *4r )>$2I&)A6*#C Y:d4RC$"!H22EA6*#C" . /#C*2+4/*2 + +46B#78'v K i/*YK$(* 2$#1/ #C2 ++ $#C4 2E 2$+ c&*$#CF(*w+ w X 2$#C q 61> +) !$#C4C§!2IH/56*/[A6 2E/*K\¨.I ) * 5* )%'OBF#CM + K+ ) I4$# Mi2$#!U*EC M.6D2*)6CH72 + $#C Ai2 )*j!42E/*YAC *+@ E6DMv/D4:I5Mv&*%! i NE. 2+d2$ #C4RCH(D}$4#C2I4C%!= )7AM*+ |§m*o o)m)/F¨18:: eie 2Y.6BC@. w2HE6[K2Ec [C183 $#C2$#1iMi5#C. 2$cA: #CM T[ )C #CM 2$#C+ ]!$#1"!H2E+ i q#14!&*%. e$ a[ Cg 2Ei5*6DM$#$ a[AC w2$ /524!7*MgMgE#!K /5EAi F#CM X]r w5#C, "2Mi3+ A. . #Cc Mc&* # 2I48[ A.Mi3+ *240 2+4(*2"2$*. )(*I# W$ [%X2$+_4 I#,%XM3+ W5c6* *4 )a2@C 6 5} 2I4#C20& #)/*YM 5. #CTH2'Y$#C2EA6*#C:5rI5*6DMg$#I ] [C18 M2)6*#C. MLO[6*# $#CM5#18 '#146[ #C4- ]7i+ 2E2 v& #! )-2I +Mg2$#U*E-! 2I#C§,= )785m*o o)m /F¨%. F . \ XZF¦xWR£ ¢ WV¦X[ ¦ ¢ [*£FWXWR¦ ¢ UYM£FZF¤UZ ¢ ¤ ¡
(186) ¢ X /Y ¢ * X. f\ 3CK+ $#C )a 2Eg%=-r&)#(* + Y 3M *$ )6%2"", _ !"$#! %8.I5*6DMg$#, A 1YwEg2 &*2I# %6[K2$#g& #C(*H+ $# Mg2 7a /D24CAr . & #C 4>g $#,18LCr!&*w+ 8LC #1$&)6 2TH52+ : 2EWEp$4- $7 &*$#CF(D 2 Y2I# * wA 2$2$#!2EH(5 & #1(* + I#c a2&4$4 2K]7+ !!I#C4vI ) * 5 7D0;X]:M3+ Ar a 36[MI# wC#1$F7 .3 ) & #CM 1) !-2v 36[Mg$#s \ 2Y 7 *+ Y!$#1"s24/5EAi$ 1$#(*K"4W5A: $ Mv&*E )& #C)(* + $#RC89 2El5-6C]p2i/#C2 + i]K 2p*c $##C$ 2EF(D 6 K!K4\ # .& #C*+46DTC183Mg2 ] c 2E\! LKY[&D#CF(*v2vw-] c/ #C2+T?s% 6 5*CK+ $#' 2%[A7p&[4 5B[C-2GA7p&*K29 *$#-!2w4-]#C"CY+ "! 23/#C*2+4/*2 +M2$#!U*%C% $7>2$#CX4%1"!H2K]7>2X5 !F(D+§!5#-&[7 * 5* 2Ax'1LV:KM&*$#1$#C8I{ {3nD 3n`¨s$[ 83& 6B cE(54A6D2-[l50 2$ 2$#! 2%!F(*v$ 3 57D c # Mg$#\)6* + #1$#\. m m.
(187) &*w5& A +*4C #Cq#C+46D !F(5+ %152 5# &[!7 K
Documents relatifs
However, the roles of these two variables (percentage of own-brands in the network turnover; logistic functions assumed by the upstream firm) in the explanation of the
The results indicate that large market size, large amount of ideas, and low level of competition in the target region increases the probability of setting up R&D labs while
Instead, it is more heuristic to consider that each field itself has no frontiers, but rather that capital relevant to different scales of regulation (the global, the European,
To understand the charge recombination in a host-guest system, it is signicant to know the hole and electron energy levels of the host in dierent molecular environment, i.e.,
This was achieved thanks to a fine optimisation of the structure material (use of buried heterostructure) which facilitates very low operating powers reducing thereby
Using electron microscopy, we show that PA1b binds at the base of the c ring, the first direct visualization of inhibitor binding to V-ATPase.. In contrast to predictions of
The Brazilian Central Plateau is constituted of the South American Surface and Velhas Surface geomorphologic surfaces and represents 24% of the Brazilian territory.. Latosols
Unknown parameters in this model are the rate constants of reactions 11 and 12 and the concentration of total dissolved Fe(III).. First, increasing the amount